多益閱讀文法 - Prepositions Part 2

Prepositions: as/by/through/against/beyond/with/without

▶️ as
As a reminder, production workers must make sure that all products are properly manufactured and carefully inspected before distribution.
You can use this article as a reference.

Alex works as a section supervisor at the Ministry of Education.
Chris has an evening job as an office cleaner.
My wife is obsessed with Baby Yoda, so I'm considering getting a Baby Yoda coffee mug as a surprise gift.

▶️ by
“By” can be used to indicate the means or process.
You can see our latest deals and menu by visiting our website.

He learned English by listening to the radio.
The book was written by a well-known author.
They traveled across Europe by train.

Do you want to be paid in cash or by cheque?
▶️ through
The preposition "through" is used in several ways.

Indicating movement from one side to the other
We will drive through the tunnel.
I saw him drive through a red light.

The new highway will run through mountains.
I have to be at the airport 2 hours early to go through security.
It is going to take 2 hours to get through the traffic.

I'll put you through to the sales department.

Indicating the means or process

I bought my car through a dealership.
Cold air was getting in through a crack in the wall.
People usually come in through the side door.

I learned Spanish through an online course.

Referring to a period of time

She worked there through the summer.

Indicating a cause or reason

Through hard work, she was able to get the promotion.

Indicating a detailed inspection or review

The detective went through the evidence carefully.
▶️ against
It is against the law to take a camcorder into a movie theater to record what's on the screen.

Many local residents demonstrated against city expansion plans.
50 people voted against the new proposal.
I'm very much against the idea that it is the woman's job to bring up the child.

Argentina will be playing against France in the final of the 2022 World Cup tonight.
▶️ beyond
If your vehicle is stolen or damaged beyond repair, your auto insurance alone may not pay everything you owe.

The behavior of others is sometimes beyond our control, but we can control how we react to it.
Many people dream of living beyond the age of 100 and becoming centenarians.
We can't afford that luxury car because it's beyond our means.

The technology in the new smartphone was unlike anything I'd seen before—it had features and capabilities that were beyond my imagination.
▶️ with
I’m going to Vancouver with my boyfriend.

I'll be right with you.
Can I get some vanilla ice cream to go with my brownie?
Emily Blunt co-starred with Cillian Murphy in the 2021 horror movie A Quiet Place Part II.

It is recommended that all people who take part in sports should have regular checkups with a qualified chiropractor.
She wiped off her eye shadow with a makeup wipe.
It is advised to wipe your household surfaces with EPA-approved disinfecting wipes at least once a day to help prevent the spread of COVID-19.

He held his broken glasses together with some duct tape until he could get them fixed.
▶️ without
You should not attempt these exercises without first consulting your doctor.

I spent the day at home without makeup to give my skin a break.
The meeting was scheduled for 10 a. m., but my colleague called to say she was stuck in traffic and asked us to start without her.
The factory worker assembled products for eight hours straight without a break to meet production targets.

Preposition: like/unlike/through/plus/following/regardless of

▶️ like
Like coffee, tea contains a lot of caffeine.
There's nothing like a hot cup of cocoa on a cold winter night.

I've got a red jumper just like that.
Our government is dropping the ball on vaccines. Canada should've made arrangements with countries like India that produce their own vaccine for local and regional use. If we ordered from multiple sources, we might have secured enough to vaccinate several million people.
▶️ unlike

Unlike you, I'm not a great mimic.
I really enjoyed the show—it was unlike anything I'd seen before.
This year, things are starting to feel more stable and predictable, unlike last year when the world felt uncertain and chaotic.

Unlike last year, when we had to wear masks everywhere we went, this year we are starting to see some relaxation of mask mandates.
Unlike many airline and hotel programs that require you to earn or redeem a least one mile every year to keep your account in good standing, Delta Air Lines Sky Miles never expire which is very rare among loyalty programs.
▶️ plus

What is nine plus seven?
The rent will be $1600 per month, plus cable, gas, and electricity.
The newly launched i Phone comes with a cutting-edge video editing program plus a variety of other cool features.

▶️ following
Oil prices are certain to rise following the agreement to limit production.
Many investors suffered significant financial losses following the stock market crash.

The musician's popularity has continued to grow followin g the release of her critically acclaimed album.
The automaker issued a recall following reports that a faulty braking system was putting drivers in danger.
▶️ regardless of

Regardless of what you say, I know that hard work pays off in the end.
Regardless of what they say, I believe in standing up for what is right.
The plan for a new office building went ahead regardless of local opposition.

Regardless o f today's weather conditions, the concert will go as planned tomorrow night at 6 p. m.

Prepositions: except/instead of/despite/regarding/about/as for

▶️ except, apart from, aside from
The museum is open daily except Monday.
I hardly watch any television, aside from news and current affairs.

Apart from the salary, it's not a bad job.
▶️ instead of
I wish you'd spend more time at home instead of going out drinking with your friends every night.

I prefer to eat at a restaurant instead of cooking at home.
Instead of complaining, why don't we try to change things?
My friends and I decided to have a game night instead of watching Netflix for our weekend get-together.

▶️ despite, in spite of
I enjoyed the week despite the weather.
Despite repeated assurances that the site was secure, it was hacked and user information was stolen.

He managed to eat a big lunch despite having eaten an enormous breakfast.
He failed the test in spite of all his studying.
They made it on time in spite of the fact that they got a flat tire.

In spite of his injury, Ricardo will play in Saturday's game.
▶️ because of, due to, owing to
Because of a thunderstorm in our area, some of our orders still have not been delivered.

I stayed indoors all day yesterday because of the heavy rain.
Due to the lack of Cryptocurrency regulation, many banks have decided to cut ties with Bitcoin companies.
The TV show was canceled due to low viewership and did not return for a second season.

The movie was pulled from theaters owing to lack of interest from moviegoers.
Owing to the construction on the highway, the usual bus routes have been rerouted, causing inconvenience to commuters.
▶️ about, as to, regarding, concerning, in regard to, on

The company president made an announcement about the merger.
One customer brought up a problem concerning our product defects.
Mr. Lee will be attending a conference on sustainable technology next week.

He wrote to me last week in regard to a business proposition he thought might interest me.
Several leading architects weighed in with criticisms regarding the design of the new museum.
We really appreciate your taking the time to write this proposal. As to the suggestion you offered, we will take it into consideration.

▶️ as for
Emily is already here. As for James, he will arrive later.

Common Prepositional Collocations

▶️ coincide with
I love that my birthday coincides with Christmas. It means I get to spend the day with my family and loved ones.
The rallies in Taipei will also coincide with similar events throughout the country on Sunday.

The acquisition frenzy has coincided with an era of historically low interest rates.
▶️ in compliance with
The government needs to penalize companies that are not in compliance with labor laws.

All personal data collected is processed in compliance with current legislation and, in any case, with the utmost confidentiality.
Our company has always acted in compliance with environmental laws.
▶️ absent from

Alex has been absent from work for three days now.
If you are absent from work for one day, your perfect attendance bonuses will be gone.
We were disappointed that our favorite band was absent from the festival due to a scheduling conflict.

▶️ access to
We have access to the Internet at the library.
The main access to the building is at the side.

You can't gain access to the files unless you know the password.
▶️ available for
This offer is available for a limited time only.

Are you available for a meeting tomorrow morning?
She'll be available for our party next Friday night.
▶️ object to

He objected to the terms of the contract and requested changes to be made.
Residents objected to the construction of a noisy factory in their neighborhood.
Although the employees are satisfied with the workshop program, they object to traveling an hour each day to get to the training center.

▶️ benefit from
Mr. Paolo thinks that our company will benefit from the help of a seasoned financial consultant.
People can benefit from yoga by improving their posture and reducing back pain.

▶️ associated with
A large portion of people who intend to buy properties are concerned about the high costs associated with home ownership, such as maintenance fees and property taxes.
Smoking is strongly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.

Yellow is a popular color for children's clothing and toys because it is often associated with playfulness and fun.
▶️ in charge of, responsible for
I am in charge of supervising the factory.

He is put in charge of organizing the party.
As the head chef, I am responsible for ensuring that all dishes are prepared to the highest standard.
The air traffic controller is responsible for keeping planes safely separated in the air and on the ground.

▶️ in light of
In light of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal belongings.
In light of what you have told us, we have decided to revise our marketing strategy for the upcoming product launch.

▶️ in response to
The value of the company's shares fell in response to the negative news.
In response to complaints from customers about long waits, the hotel is adding one more elevator.

In response to union pressure, the company agreed to increase wages and benefits for its employees.
▶️ out of order
The elevator's out of order again. We'll have to take the stairs.

The sign on the vending machine says “out of order.”
Hi, Edward! This is Jody from the personnel Department. I just wanted to let you know that the projector in meeting room 5 B is out of order.
▶️ out of stock

Bikes are now out of stock.
The new edition is out of stock in major bookshops.
I'm sorry, but the item you are looking for is currently out of stock. We expect to receive a new shipment next week.

The store offers customers a rain check if an item is out of stock. They can buy it at the same price when it becomes available.
▶️ in stock
Do you have light bulbs in stock?

The new edition is in stock in major bookshops.
Our products are low in stock currently.
The store offers a convenient in-store pickup option for customers who want to make sure that the products they want are in stock before making the trip.

▶️ out of print
I've been looking for that book for months, but it's out of print.
Many books that are out of print are reissued in paperback form.

▶️ out of date
Our equipment is out of date.
I can't believe you're still using that old phone, it's so out of date.

My passport has been out of date for a while, but I haven't had the chance to renew it yet.
▶️ out of reach
Laboratory staff is informed to keep all dangerous substances out the reach of the children.

Our cat food is stored in a cupboard. It is out of reach of children who might be tempted to snack on it.
The remote control fell behind the couch and was out of reach, so we had to move the couch to get it.
Despite the obstacles, many athletes continue to work hard and pursue their dreams of becoming an NBA player, even if it seems out of reach.

Prepositions: except/instead of/despite/regarding/about/as for

▶️ except, apart from, aside from
The museum is open daily except Monday.
I hardly watch any television, aside from news and current affairs.

Apart from the salary, it's not a bad job.
▶️ instead of
I wish you'd spend more time at home instead of going out drinking with your friends every night.

I prefer to eat at a restaurant instead of cooking at home.
Instead of complaining, why don't we try to change things?
My friends and I decided to have a game night instead of watching Netflix for our weekend get-together.

▶️ despite, in spite of
I enjoyed the week despite the weather.
Despite repeated assurances that the site was secure, it was hacked and user information was stolen.

He managed to eat a big lunch despite having eaten an enormous breakfast.
He failed the test in spite of all his studying.
They made it on time in spite of the fact that they got a flat tire.

In spite of his injury, Ricardo will play in Saturday's game.
▶️ because of, due to, owing to
Because of a thunderstorm in our area, some of our orders still have not been delivered.

I stayed indoors all day yesterday because of the heavy rain.
Due to the lack of Cryptocurrency regulation, many banks have decided to cut ties with Bitcoin companies.
The TV show was canceled due to low viewership and did not return for a second season.

The movie was pulled from theaters owing to lack of interest from moviegoers.
Owing to the construction on the highway, the usual bus routes have been rerouted, causing inconvenience to commuters.
▶️ about, as to, regarding, concerning, in regard to, on

The company president made an announcement about the merger.
One customer brought up a problem concerning our product defects.
Mr. Lee will be attending a conference on sustainable technology next week.

He wrote to me last week in regard to a business proposition he thought might interest me.
Several leading architects weighed in with criticisms regarding the design of the new museum.
We really appreciate your taking the time to write this proposal. As to the suggestion you offered, we will take it into consideration.

▶️ as for
Emily is already here. As for James, he will arrive later.

Common Prepositional Collocations

▶️ coincide with
I love that my birthday coincides with Christmas. It means I get to spend the day with my family and loved ones.
The rallies in Taipei will also coincide with similar events throughout the country on Sunday.

The acquisition frenzy has coincided with an era of historically low interest rates.
▶️ in compliance with
The government needs to penalize companies that are not in compliance with labor laws.

All personal data collected is processed in compliance with current legislation and, in any case, with the utmost confidentiality.
Our company has always acted in compliance with environmental laws.
▶️ absent from

Alex has been absent from work for three days now.
If you are absent from work for one day, your perfect attendance bonuses will be gone.
We were disappointed that our favorite band was absent from the festival due to a scheduling conflict.

▶️ access to
We have access to the Internet at the library.
The main access to the building is at the side.

You can't gain access to the files unless you know the password.
▶️ available for
This offer is available for a limited time only.

Are you available for a meeting tomorrow morning?
She'll be available for our party next Friday night.
▶️ object to

He objected to the terms of the contract and requested changes to be made.
Residents objected to the construction of a noisy factory in their neighborhood.
Although the employees are satisfied with the workshop program, they object to traveling an hour each day to get to the training center.

▶️ benefit from
Mr. Paolo thinks that our company will benefit from the help of a seasoned financial consultant.
People can benefit from yoga by improving their posture and reducing back pain.

▶️ associated with
A large portion of people who intend to buy properties are concerned about the high costs associated with home ownership, such as maintenance fees and property taxes.
Smoking is strongly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.

Yellow is a popular color for children's clothing and toys because it is often associated with playfulness and fun.
▶️ in charge of, responsible for
I am in charge of supervising the factory.

He is put in charge of organizing the party.
As the head chef, I am responsible for ensuring that all dishes are prepared to the highest standard.
The air traffic controller is responsible for keeping planes safely separated in the air and on the ground.

▶️ in light of
In light of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal belongings.
In light of what you have told us, we have decided to revise our marketing strategy for the upcoming product launch.

▶️ in response to
The value of the company's shares fell in response to the negative news.
In response to complaints from customers about long waits, the hotel is adding one more elevator.

In response to union pressure, the company agreed to increase wages and benefits for its employees.
▶️ out of order
The elevator's out of order again. We'll have to take the stairs.

The sign on the vending machine says “out of order.”
Hi, Edward! This is Jody from the personnel Department. I just wanted to let you know that the projector in meeting room 5 B is out of order.
▶️ out of stock

Bikes are now out of stock.
The new edition is out of stock in major bookshops.
I'm sorry, but the item you are looking for is currently out of stock. We expect to receive a new shipment next week.

The store offers customers a rain check if an item is out of stock. They can buy it at the same price when it becomes available.
▶️ in stock
Do you have light bulbs in stock?

The new edition is in stock in major bookshops.
Our products are low in stock currently.
The store offers a convenient in-store pickup option for customers who want to make sure that the products they want are in stock before making the trip.

▶️ out of print
I've been looking for that book for months, but it's out of print.
Many books that are out of print are reissued in paperback form.

▶️ out of date
Our equipment is out of date.
I can't believe you're still using that old phone, it's so out of date.

My passport has been out of date for a while, but I haven't had the chance to renew it yet.
▶️ out of reach
Laboratory staff is informed to keep all dangerous substances out the reach of the children.

Our cat food is stored in a cupboard. It is out of reach of children who might be tempted to snack on it.
The remote control fell behind the couch and was out of reach, so we had to move the couch to get it.
Despite the obstacles, many athletes continue to work hard and pursue their dreams of becoming an NBA player, even if it seems out of reach.

Common Prepositional Collocations

▶️ coincide with 

I love that my birthday coincides with Christmas. It means I get to spend the day with my family and loved ones.

The rallies in Taipei will also coincide with similar events throughout the country on Sunday.

The acquisition frenzy has coincided with an era of historically low interest rates.

▶️ in compliance with

The government needs to penalize companies that are not in compliance with labor laws.

All personal data collected is processed in compliance with current legislation and, in any case, with the utmost confidentiality.

Our company has always acted in compliance with environmental laws.

▶️ absent from 

Alex has been absent from work for three days now. 

If you are absent from work for one day, your perfect attendance bonuses will be gone. 

We were disappointed that our favorite band was absent from the festival due to a scheduling conflict.

▶️ access to 

We have access to the Internet at the library.

The main access to the building is at the side.

You can't gain access to the files unless you know the password.

▶️ available for  

This offer is available for a limited time only.

Are you available for a meeting tomorrow morning?

She'll be available for our party next Friday night.

▶️ object to 

He objected to the terms of the contract and requested changes to be made.

Residents objected to the construction of a noisy factory in their neighborhood.

Although the employees are satisfied with the workshop program, they object to traveling an hour each day to get to the training center.

▶️ benefit from 

Mr. Paolo thinks that our company will benefit from the help of a seasoned financial consultant.

People can benefit from yoga by improving their posture and reducing back pain.

▶️ associated with 

A large portion of people who intend to buy properties are concerned about the high costs associated with home ownership, such as maintenance fees and property taxes.

Smoking is strongly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.

Yellow is a popular color for children's clothing and toys because it is often associated with playfulness and fun.

▶️ in charge of, responsible for

I am in charge of supervising the factory.

He is put in charge of organizing the party.

As the head chef, I am responsible for ensuring that all dishes are prepared to the highest standard.

The air traffic controller is responsible for keeping planes safely separated in the air and on the ground.

▶️ in light of  

In light of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal belongings.

In light of what you have told us, we have decided to revise our marketing strategy for the upcoming product launch.

▶️ in response to

The value of the company's shares fell in response to the negative news. 

In response to complaints from customers about long waits, the hotel is adding one more elevator. 

In response to union pressure, the company agreed to increase wages and benefits for its employees.

▶️ out of order

The elevator's out of order again. We'll have to take the stairs.

The sign on the vending machine says “out of order.”

Hi, Edward! This is Jody from the personnel Department. I just wanted to let you know that the projector in meeting room 5B is out of order. 

▶️ out of stock

Bikes are now out of stock. 

The new edition is out of stock in major bookshops. 

I'm sorry, but the item you are looking for is currently out of stock. We expect to receive a new shipment next week.

The store offers customers a rain check if an item is out of stock. They can purchase it at the same price when it becomes available.

▶️ in stock 

Do you have light bulbs in stock? 

The new edition is in stock in major bookshops. 

Our products are low in stock currently.

The store offers a convenient in-store pickup option for customers who want to make sure that the products they want are in stock before making the trip.

▶️ out of print

I've been looking for that book for months, but it's out of print.

Many books that are out of print are reissued in paperback form. 

▶️ out of date

Our equipment is out of date.

I can't believe you're still using that old phone, it's so out of date.

My passport has been out of date for a while, but I haven't had the chance to renew it yet.

▶️ out of reach 

Laboratory staff is informed to keep all dangerous substances out the reach of the children.

Our cat food is stored in a cupboard. It is out of reach of children who might be tempted to snack on it.

The remote control fell behind the couch and was out of reach, so we had to move the couch to get it.

Despite the obstacles, many athletes continue to work hard and pursue their dreams of becoming an NBA player, even if it seems out of reach.