雅思单字字卡

Considerably 是副詞，意思是「相當地，顯著地」，它通常用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，表示程度上的增加或變化。

The quality of the product has improved considerably since last year.

產品的品質自去年以來已顯著提升。

Her attitude towards work has changed considerably after the promotion.

晉升後，她對工作的態度有了顯著的改變。

Prices have dropped considerably in recent months.

近幾個月來，價格已經顯著下降。 

enormous amount of something = immense amount of something = vast amount of something

大量的東西=大量的東西=大量的東西

enormous pain

巨大的痛苦

immense talent

才華橫溢

enormous pressure

巨大的壓力

enormous popularity

巨大的人氣

They live in an enormous house.

他們住在一個巨大的房子裡。

We chose not to undertake the project because of the enormous costs involved.

我們選擇不承擔這個項目，因為涉及的成本巨大。

He enjoys enormous popularity.

他享有極高的人氣。

Exclusive 的中文解釋是「專用的、獨有的、獨家的」，假如你也有聽播客(podcast)的習慣，播客主持人有時候在節目進行中會有業配的廣告時間，順便附上一句：This offer is exclusive to subscribers of our podcast. (這是我們播客訂閱者的專屬優惠。) 而我們總是說物以稀為貴，獨特的地方、精品服飾或是私人俱樂部，沒有多少人負擔得起，因此 exclusive 也有「豪華、高檔」的意思，來看更多例句：

The only way you might get reservations at one of the most exclusive restaurants in Los Angeles is to become famous. 

在洛杉磯最高級的餐廳之一獲得預訂的唯一方法就是出名。

The company became the exclusive soda vendor at the new stadium.

該公司成為新體育場的獨家汽水供應商。

The local newspaper got an exclusive interview and broke the news. 

當地報紙獲得獨家專訪並爆料。

The company has exclusive rights to use the logo.

公司擁有使用該標誌的專有權。

In a peaceful and restful place, between sea and land, The Hotel Celeste offers exclusive and unforgettable stays. Away from the noise of cars and motorcycles, our guests are ravished by the swash of waves and the slow-paced life of the fishermen.

座落於一片寧靜祥和，海陸之間，The Hotel Celeste 提供獨特而難忘的住宿。 遠離汽車和摩托車的喧囂，我們的客人陶醉在洶湧的海浪和漁民的慢生活中。

The community area located on the first floor which includes a beauty shop, laundry, recreational and assembly hall, lounges and game rooms is for the exclusive use of our residents.  

位於一樓的公共區域包含了美容院、洗衣房、娛樂和會議廳、休息室和遊戲室，供我們的居民使用。

Our ranch has one 2,200 sq ft conference room and four midsize conference rooms, as well as many outdoor venues for activities. Groups with 60 or more people can rent the ranch for their exclusive use of overnight visits, meetings, workshops and other events. 

我們的牧場擁有一間 2,200 平方英尺的會議室和四間中型會議室，以及許多戶外活動場所。 60人或以上的團體可以租下整座牧場過夜參觀、會議、研討會和其他活動。

The superior rooms in our hotel offer exclusive furnishings, and many feature a view of the hotel garden.

我們飯店的高級客房有豪華的裝潢，許多間高級客房都主打飯店花園的景色。

Exclusive of something = not including 不包括

There is a sale on all merchandise exclusive of electronics.

除了電子產品外，所有商品都有特賣。

The rent is $1200 a month, exclusive of utility bills.

租金為每月 1200 美元，不包括水電費。

在今天的俚語中，“exclusive”也可以指約會，例如 “Are you and Tom exclusive？” 這意味著湯姆是你唯一約會的人嗎？

The power plant was mothballed because of its outdated technology.

由於技術過時，該發電廠被封閉了。

I found that we'd be saving about $500 in energy costs over the next five years by replacing our outdated refrigerator with a newer model of similar design, and perhaps even more if we chose a more energy-efficient model.

我發現，使用設計相似的新型冰箱來替換我們家陳舊的冰箱，在未來五年內我們可以節省大約 500 美元的電費，如果我們選擇更節能的型號，可能會節省更多。

Too many of us are still attached to the outdated belief that success comes from a result of hard work. But the truth is, hard work alone doesn't always pay off.

我們當中太多人仍然執著於成功來自努力工作的過時信念。 但事實是，單靠努力工作並不總是有回報的。

Proposal 是名詞，意思是「提案;建議」。

He submitted a proposal to the board for a new environmental project.

他向董事會提交了一個新的環保項目提案。

The committee is reviewing several proposals for the new marketing campaign.

委員會正在審查幾個新市場營銷活動的提案。

She accepted his marriage proposal during their vacation in Paris.

她在他們巴黎度假期間接受了他的求婚。 

propose  something

提出一些建議

propose+ Verb-ing

提出動詞

propse+ that + Subject + Verb

提出主語動詞

The scientists proposed a new theory.

科學家們提出了一個新理論。

The mayor proposed a plan for a new bridge.

市長提出了一個新橋的計劃。

Several senators have proposed raising the tax. (Notice the verb "raise" is changed to "raising")

幾位參議員提議提高稅收。 （注意動詞“raise”改為“raise”）

If a factory were proposed for my community I would feel obligated to support the construction because the positive effects outweigh the negative influences.    

如果為我的社區提議建廠，我會覺得有義務支持建設，因為正面影響大於負面影響。

Britain is about to propose changes to some institutions.

英國即將提議對一些機構進行改革。

Federal authorities proposed a ban on smoking in public housing.

聯邦當局提議禁止在公共住房內吸煙。

Adolescent education was felt to be a social issue of some significance. The significance of the imports is that those books are priced much lower.

青少年教育被認為是一個具有一定意義的社會問題。進口的意義在於這些書籍的價格要低得多。

a significant increase in sales. There was a significant difference between the colour of an apple and the colour of a banana.

銷售額顯著增加。蘋果的顏色和香蕉的顏色有顯著差異。

Significantly 是副詞，意思是「顯著地」。這個詞常用來描述某事物在數量或程度上的重要變化。

The results of the experiment changed significantly after adjusting the temperature.

實驗的結果在調整溫度後顯著改變。

Her attitude towards work has improved significantly since last year.

自從去年以來，她對工作的態度有了顯著的改善。

The cost of living in the city has increased significantly over the past decade.

過去十年間，這個城市的生活成本顯著增加。 

A substantial number of people commute to work each day.

每天有相當多的人通勤上班。

This will save us a substantial (meaning considerable) amount of money/time.

這將為我們節省大量（意味著可觀的）金錢/時間。

Activities like that pose a substantial risk of injury.

像這樣的活動會帶來很大的受傷風險。

She purchased her tickets at a substantial discount.

她以很大的折扣購買了她的門票。

Radio astronomy has led to substantial increases in astronomical knowledge.

射電天文學使天文學知識大幅增加。

There is substantial evidence that certain forms of solar energy either now or within a few years will be economically competitive with conventional sources of heat and power.

有大量證據表明，某些形式的太陽能無論是現在還是幾年內，都將在經濟上與傳統的熱能和電力來源競爭。

Substantially 是副詞，意思是「大幅地;實質上」。

The company has grown substantially over the past five years.

這家公司在過去五年裡有了大幅的成長。

Substantially, the two proposals are quite similar, although there are minor differences in details.

實質上，這兩個提案非常相似，儘管在細節上有些微小的差異。

Our costs have been reduced substantially thanks to the new management strategies.

由於新的管理策略，我們的成本已經大幅降低。 

This recipe should be sufficient for five people.

這份食譜應該足夠五個人吃。

When orders are taken, the shipping staff must know that there is sufficient inventory of the product on hand to fulfill the request.

訂單成立時，倉管運輸人員必須掌握手邊是否還有足夠的產品庫存來滿足訂單要求。

Sufficient↔insufficient = 足夠的↔不足的

If you send a first-class letter or package without sufficient postage to get it to its destination, the post office will try to deliver the mail and ask the recipient to pay for the insufficient postage.

如果你寄的特快信件或包裹的郵資不足以寄送到目的地，郵局會嘗試投遞郵件，並要求收件人支付不足的郵資。

Typically, apartments lower down in an apartment complex will have sufficient water pressure, with the pressure reducing the higher up you go in the building. This can occur for many reasons, from temporarily reduced supply due to a leak or maintenance, or even insufficient infrastructure in your area. 

通常，公寓大樓中較低樓層的公寓有足夠的水壓，而水壓會與建築物的高度成反比。 發生這種情況的原因有很多，可能因為漏水或維修導致水的供應量暫時減少，甚至是因為您所在地區的基礎設施不足。

He has a tremendous amount of energy.

他擁有巨大的能量。

The engine's power is tremendous.​

引擎的力量是巨大的。

To become a lawyer, you have to learn a tremendous amount of information by heart

要成為一名律師，你必須背誦大量的信息

Walking along the Great Wall of China was a tremendous experience.

沿著中國長城漫步是一次很棒的經歷。

She is a writer of tremendous talent.

她是一位才華橫溢的作家。

That performance was tremendous!​

那場表演太棒了！​

This is a tremendous opportunity.

這是一個巨大的機會。

Fine restaurants are abundant in this city.

這個城市有很多高級餐廳。

This city has an abundance of fine restaurants.

這個城市有很多高級餐廳。

The city has fine restaurants in abundance.​

這個城市有很多精緻的餐館。

The city has fine restaurants in abundance.

這座城市有很多精緻的餐館。

The flowers grew in great abundance.

花兒長得很茂盛。

The area has an abundance of wildlife.

該地區擁有豐富的野生動物。

advocate (for) something

提倡（主張）某事

advocate + Verb-ing

提倡動詞

advocate + that + Subject + Verb

提倡主語動詞

I advocate (for) traditional teaching methods.

我提倡（支持）傳統的教學方法。

They advocate abolishing the income tax. = They advocate that the income tax should be abolished.

他們主張廢除所得稅。 = 他們主張廢除所得稅。

The plan is advocated by the president.

該計劃由總統提出。

They formed a group advocating for changes in the school system.

他們組成了一個團體，倡導改變學校系統。

A landing between the ground and first floors is ample enough to be used as a study.

一樓和一樓之間的平台足夠用作書房。

The trailer remake—with its cheesy music, antiquated graphics and gimmicky sound effects—catapults you back into 007’s past.

預告片翻拍——帶有俗氣的音樂、過時的圖形和花哨的音效——讓你回到 007 的過去。

The committee has recommended that all antiquated legal procedures should be simplified.

委員會建議簡化所有過時的法律程序。

Hopefully more people will use the route for exercise and it can also be marketed as an appealing attraction from a tourist point of view.

希望更多的人會使用這條路線進行鍛煉，從旅遊的角度來看，它也可以作為一個有吸引力的景點進行營銷。

Working abroad is appealing to many young people

出國打工吸引了很多年輕人

After six months, I attained my goal of losing 15 pounds.

六個月後，我達到了減掉 15 磅的目標。

Joe worked so hard he attained the position of Vice President.

喬工作非常努力，他獲得了副總裁的職位。

My parents were able to attain the American Dream and so was I.

我的父母能夠實現美國夢，我也是。

I obtained the latest copy of The Wall Street Journal.

我得到了《華爾街日報》的最新版本。

In college, you work hard to attain a degree.

在大學裡，你努力工作以獲得學位。

Once you graduate you will obtain your diploma.

畢業後，您將獲得文憑。

Clarify 是動詞，意思是「澄清，使明晰」。這個詞常用於表達使某事變得更加清晰或容易理解的過程。

Please clarify your statement so everyone can understand.

請澄清你的陳述，這樣每個人都能理解。

The teacher asked the student to clarify his answer.

老師要求學生澄清他的答案。

Can you clarify the instructions for assembling this furniture?

你能澄清這個家具的組裝說明嗎？ 

Their business partnership turned out to be a colossal (meaning massive) failure.

他們的商業夥伴關係被證明是一個巨大的（意味著巨大的）失敗。

The meeting was a colossal (meaning huge, enormous) waste of time.

這次會議是一次巨大的（意味著巨大的、巨大的）時間浪費。

There has been a colossal waste of public money.

公共資金出現了巨大的浪費。

The task they face is colossal.

他們面臨的任務是巨大的。

The scope of this project is colossal.

這個項目的範圍是巨大的。

The animals' behavior conforms to a common pattern.

動物的行為符合一個共同的模式。

Our budget numbers conform with official estimates.

我們的預算數字符合官方估計。

The building doesn't conform to local regulations.

該建築不符合當地法規。

She refuses to conform to society's traditional image of a mother.

她拒絕符合社會傳統的母親形象。

Employees have to conform with company rules.

員工必須遵守公司規定。

Citizens should conform to the laws of the land.

公民應遵守國家法律。

Most teenagers feel pressure to conform.

大多數青少年都感到壓力。

The staff expressed the hope that the administration and governing board would act in conformity with these standards. (be in conformity with)

工作人員表示希望行政和理事會將按照這些標準行事。 （符合）

It is extremely rare for a government to refuse publicly to accept an ambassador, meaning that most rejections are conveyed privately.

政府公開拒絕接受大使的情況極為罕見，這意味著大多數拒絕都是私下傳達的。

A logo should immediately convey a company’s identity.

徽標應立即傳達公司的身份。

The diplomat explained that people were booing, an expression of disapproval.

這位外交官解釋說，人們在噓聲，表示不贊成。

They disregarded the no parking signs and were ticketed by the police

他們無視禁止停車標誌並被警察開罰單

The dramatic finish to the game left us speechless.

戲劇性的結局讓我們無言以對。

Half an hour of exercise a day can have a dramatic effect on your physical well being.

每天半小時的運動會對您的身體健康產生巨大影響。

Narcissists typically enjoy conflict and will readily lie or exaggerate to gain the upper hand.

自戀者通常喜歡衝突，很容易撒謊或誇大其詞以佔上風。

Like other controversial topics, it is a subject where media coverage is likely to play a role in exaggerating misconceptions.

與其他有爭議的話題一樣，這是一個媒體報導可能在誇大誤解方面發揮作用的話題。

The camera app itself is similar to the stock Android one, and photos are taken exceedingly quickly.

相機應用程序本身類似於普通的 Android 應用程序，並且拍照速度非常快。

Eating to excess makes your stomach hurt.

吃太多會傷胃。

Spending to excess means you can't pay your credit card bills.

過度消費意味著您無法支付信用卡賬單。

Avoid deposits in excess of $20,000, you will be taxed too much = This means, don’t deposit more than $20,000 at one time, as you will incur high taxes.

避免存款超過 20,000 美元，您將被徵稅過多 = 這意味著，一次存款不要超過 20,000 美元，因為您會產生高額稅款。

Last year's profits were in excess of one billion dollars.

去年的利潤超過十億美元。

Excess water spills over the top of the bathtub.

多餘的水溢出浴缸的頂部。

The oceans and ecosystems can only absorb 3.1 billion tons of carbons leaving an excess of 4.1 billion tons unable to be absorbed. The excess carbon remained in the atmosphere and increased the advancement of climate change.​

海洋和生態系統只能吸收 31 億噸碳，還有 41 億噸無法被吸收。多餘的碳留在大氣中，增加了氣候變化的進展。

In today's world with overpopulation and excessive pollution, the environment is in serious trouble. 

在人口過剩、污染嚴重的當今世界，環境陷入了嚴重的困境。

Excessive consumption of carbs and fats occurs when you eat more than the recommended daily values.

當您吃的食物超過建議的每日攝入量時，就會出現過多的碳水化合物和脂肪攝入

Excess calories from fast-food meals can cause weight gain. 

快餐食品中多餘的卡路里會導致體重增加。

Excessive nutrient intake may result in excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

過多的營養攝入可能會導致懷孕期間體重過度增加。

Mia drinks excessive amounts of coffee. No wonder she's having trouble falling asleep at night.

Mia的咖啡喝過量了。 難怪她晚上很難入睡。

On average, we yawn five to ten times a day. However, if you feel that you're experiencing excessive yawning, talk to your doctor. Keep track of other symptoms you experience in addition to the yawning, such as drowsiness or fatigue. 

平均而言，我們每天打哈欠五到十次。 但是，如果你覺得自己打了過多的哈欠，請諮詢你的醫生。 記錄除了打哈欠之外的其他症狀，例如暈眩或疲勞。

A person who suffers from OCD may excessively wash their hands.

患有強迫症的人可能會過度洗手。

People who win the lottery typically spend their money excessively.

贏得彩票的人通常會過度花錢。

Restaurant meals are often portioned excessively, and some meals can contain as much as an entire day's worth of calories.

餐廳的飯菜經常被過度分配，有些飯菜可能含有一整天的卡路里。

Expenditure 通常用來指政府或一家公司的大金額的「花費」或「開支」，用法比較正式。​

There's a significant increase in military expenditure last year.

去年的軍事開支顯著上升。

In 2020, the total expenditure on education in Taiwan increased to around 928.4 billion New Taiwan dollars.

2020年台灣教育總支出增至約 9284 億元新台幣。

The company allocated a huge part of its expenditure on its expansion project.

該公司將很大一部分支出用於擴建項目。

我們會用 expense 來指比較正式及大金額的費用，比方說經營一間公司的經費/開銷有：租金費用 (rental expenses)、利息費 (interest expenses)、人事費用 (personnel expenses)、基礎設施費用像是水費、電費、燃氣費等 (utilities expenses)、差旅費 (travel expenses) 等。

Overhead expenses are what it costs to run a business, including rent, insurance, and utilities.

間接成本是經營一家企業所需的經常性支出，包括租金、保險和水電費。

Many businesses are moving out of New York because the overhead expenses there are so high.

許多企業正遷出紐約，因為那裡的間接成本太高了。

The company's cost-cutting program is expected to reduce expenses by $20 million next year.

該公司的成本削減計劃預計將在明年減少 2000 萬美元的開支。

Our company will reimburse employees for travel expenses.

我們公司會核銷員工的差旅費。

I'm concerned about the project's hidden expenses.

我擔心這個企劃背後的隱性支出。

Our paychecks barely cover our monthly expenses.

我們的薪水幾乎無法支付我們每月的開銷。

Their expenses were getting far ahead of their income.

他們的開支遠遠超過他們的收入。

Our biggest expense this year was our Christmas holiday.

我們今年最大的開支就是我們的聖誕假期。

According to the Ministry of Finance, the basic living expenses per person for 2021 are NT$192,000.

財政部表示，2021年人均基本生活費為新台幣 19.2 萬元。

名詞 expense 也可以指的就是我們用來支付帳單、購買東西等等的花費，經常接在介系詞 at 的 後面，比方說：

At great/huge/considerable/vast expense = (某件事物)所費不貲

At no expense = 免費、不花(你)一毛錢

要注意這時候的 expense 是不可數名詞的用法，千萬不要在後面加上 s，來看例句更清楚：

These items were imported at considerable expense. 

進口這些物品所費不貲。

The tiles were imported at great expense from Italy.

這些瓷磚是以高昂的價格從義大利進口的。

We were able to fix the problem at very little expense.

我們用很少的費用解決了這個問題。

The repairs were made at no expense to us.

維修不花我們一毛錢。

接下來我們來看 expense 三個常見的片語：

• At the expense of 

• At someone's expense

• Go to (the) expense

1. At the expense of someone/something = 以犧牲某人/某物為代價的 

Malls flourished at the expense of small stores downtown.

購物中心的興盛是以犧牲市中心的小商店為代價的。(意思是大型購物商場的蓬勃發展導致市中心其他小店生意變差、甚至倒閉)

She acquired power at the expense of friendships.

她以犧牲友誼為代價獲得了權力。

Unscrupulous businessmen often seek profit at the expense of the safety of workers and consumers.

無良商人往往以犧牲工人和消費者的安全為代價來謀取利潤。

2. At someone's expense 有兩個解釋，第一個意思是「由某個人支付的」，例句：

The tour is free, but all meals are at your own expense. (=you must pay for your meals)

旅遊是免費的，但所有餐點需自費。 

We had a fancy dinner at our parents' expense.

我們吃了一頓豐盛的晚餐，是我們父母親出的錢。

Several state senators traveled to Palm Beach at taxpayers' expense.

幾位州參議員花納稅人的錢前往棕櫚海灘旅遊。

At someone's expense 也有「捉弄」、「拿某個人開心」的意思

Anna kept making jokes at her husband's expense.

Anna 一直拿她丈夫開玩笑。

If a joke made at my expense is funny, I'll still laugh.

如果以捉弄我為樂的玩笑很有趣，我仍然會笑。

I never minded when friends made jokes at my expense because it was always done to raise a laugh, and when it was funny, I would laugh as much as anyone. 

我從不介意朋友開我的玩笑，因為這總是為了引起笑聲，當它很有趣時，我會像任何人一樣大笑。

3. 當我們說某個人 go to (the) expense of doing something 或是 go to great expense to do something，就是指他/她把錢花在某件事物上，而且花了很多錢，例句：

Why go to the expense of installing something you'll never use?

為什麼要花錢安裝你永遠不會使用的東西？

She went to great expense to have this party.

為了舉辦這個派對，她花了很多錢。

Chinese people are incredibly hospitable and will go to great expense to entertain guests and friends.

華人非常好客，願意花大錢招待客人和朋友。

Gigantic (meaning huge, monstrous) waves were crashing on the beach.

巨大的（意思是巨大的、可怕的）海浪拍打著海灘。

He made a gigantic (meaning huge) mistake when he quit his job.

他辭職時犯了一個巨大的（意思是巨大的）錯誤。

She owns a gigantic house.

她擁有一座巨大的房子。

She has a gigantic appetite.

她的胃口很大。

Immense 可以用來形容事物的大小或數量很龐大，假設你最近工作壓力超級大，你可以説: I've been dealing with an immense amount of pressure at work. 

Investing is a complex business, which requires profound knowledge, experience, and professional qualifications, and consumes an immense amount of time.

投資是一件複雜的事情，需要深厚的知識、經驗和專業資格，並且耗費大量時間。

I have an immense amount of respect for all the Olympians. 

我非常佩服所有奧運選手。

The TV series was a major hit in South Korea and received immense popularity across Asia.

這部電視劇在南韓大受歡迎，並在亞洲也廣受歡迎。

The play brought immense popularity to the writer and immense profits to the theatres.

這齣劇給作者帶來了巨大的人氣，也給劇院帶來了巨大的收益。

As the eldest son, he was the heir to his father's immense fortune.

身為長子，他繼承了父親的巨額財富。

There is a lot of work for you ahead, and each and every one of you has immense responsibility.

接下來有很多工作要做，你們每個人都肩負著巨大的責任。

Bella is an immensely talented gymnast. She is believed to have the potential to participate in the Olympic Games.

Bella是一位非常有天份的體操運動員。 大家都認為她有參加奧運的潛力。

Coldplay's new single was an immediate success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites.

酷玩樂團的新單曲推出後即刻獲得好評，並在網路論壇和音樂網站上備受歡迎。

Jessica has worked as an administration clerk throughout her career, something she says she enjoys immensely.

Jessica在她的整個職業生涯中都是從事行政人員的工作，她說她非常喜歡這份工作。

If the company can get over entrenched competition and some not insignificant cultural barriers, there’s no reason why America couldn’t get hooked on Line.

如果該公司能夠克服根深蒂固的競爭和一些不小的文化障礙，那麼美國就沒有理由不迷上 Line。

The magnitude of shock waves determines the damage that occurs during an earthquake.

衝擊波的大小決定了地震期間發生的破壞。

Industrial transformations of this magnitude didn’t just pop up every day, and the potential for growth was mind-boggling.

這種規模的工業轉型並非每天都在發生，增長潛力令人難以置信。

It was absolutely a marvel to see exactly how many different websites the free applications would make connections back to from a device.

確切地看到免費應用程序將從設備連接回多少個不同的網站，這絕對是一個奇蹟。

The Great Wall of China is one of the world's marvels.

中國的長城是世界奇蹟之一。

It seems extraordinary that as liberals we now feel secure enough to impose our own orthodoxies on the dissenting minorities within our community.

作為自由主義者，我們現在感到足夠安全，可以將我們自己的正統觀念強加給我們社區內持不同政見的少數群體，這似乎非同尋常。

They face a myriad of problems bringing up children. 

他們面臨著撫養孩子的無數問題。

The car comes in a myriad of colors. (meaning in many colors)

這輛車有無數種顏色。 （有多種顏色的意思）

There is a myriad of possibilities.

有無數種可能性。

Our cable providers offer a myriad of channels to watch!

我們的有線電視提供商提供無數頻道供您觀看！

His brother owns a myriad of video games, more than I've ever seen!

他的兄弟擁有無數的電子遊戲，比我見過的還要多！

The old system's problems were myriad.

舊系統的問題是無數的。

She looked up at the myriad star.

她抬頭看向了萬千星辰。

Noticeable 是形容詞，意思是「明顯的」，這個詞通常用來形容容易被注意到或容易看見的事物。

There was a noticeable change in his behavior after the incident.

事件發生後，他的行為有了明顯的變化。

Her nervousness was noticeable during the presentation.

她在演講期間的緊張情緒非常明顯。

The improvement in air quality was noticeable after the new regulations took effect.

新規定實施後，空氣質量的改善是顯而易見的。 

我們可以用 old-fashioned 來形容大多數人已經不再使用的東西、不再相信或遵循的理念、價值觀、想法等等，因為它已被更現代的東西所取代了。比如說：

Old-fashioned ideas/customs/values 舊式的(過時的)想法、習俗、價值觀

An old-fashioned bathing suit 復古的(退流行的)泳裝

An old-fashioned print/wall art 復古的印刷品、牆壁裝飾物

其實 old-fashioned 這個形容詞算是中性，以第一組例子來看，我們必須得從說話者的上下文來判斷這時候的 old-fashioned 究竟是指「舊時代的」還是「過時的」(應該可以感覺得出來後者稍稍帶有貶意)。

It's an old-fashioned word and has dropped out of our everyday conversation.

這是一個過時的字了，已經不會用在我們的日常對話裡了。

The house is dull, old-fashioned, and in bad condition. What we are looking for is something more modern. 

房子很單調，陳舊，狀況也很差。 我們要找的是現代一點的房子。

His views on the role of women in society are terribly old-fashioned.

他對婦女在社會中扮演的角色的看法非常過時。

I feel like listening to some good old-fashioned rock 'n' roll.

我想聽一些老式的搖滾樂。

人也可以說是 old-fashioned，但這並不是說這個人長得很復古或是很老氣，而是指他/她的行為、想法或品味等比較保守，就是我們常說的「老派」：

My dad is somewhat old-fashioned in his outlook.

我爸爸的觀點有點老派。

He's rather old-fashioned when it comes to dating.

在約會方面，他比較傳統一點。

另外，大家也許聽過 call me old-fashioned 這個慣用語， 後面經常接著一個 but，用來闡述你的觀點或意見，call me old-fashioned 的意思就是「你可以說我老古板/老派，但我 blah blah blah」，例句：

Call me old-fashioned, but you should know better than to wear shoes like that to a formal dinner.

你可以說我老古板，但你應該知道不要在正式晚宴上穿那樣的鞋子。

Call me old-fashioned, but I prefer handwritten letters to emails.

你可以說我老派，但比起電子郵件我更喜歡手寫的信件。

Call me old-fashioned, but when it comes to dating, I think the man should pursue the woman. 

你可以說我老派，但講到談戀愛這件事，我覺得男人應該追求女人。

These funds help to offset costs associated with our ongoing operation, maintenance, and long-term capital needs.

這些資金有助於抵消與(公司)持續營運、維護和長期資本需求相關的成本。

We offer ongoing training and have programs to suit the various lifestyles of our sales representatives.

我們(公司)提供持續不斷的人員培訓並以適合各銷售代表的不同生活方式來制定計畫。

The Canadian Red Cross has an ongoing critical need for blood donations amidst coronavirus uncertainties. You can make an appointment online at blood.ca.

在冠狀病毒疫情不確定的情況下，加拿大紅十字會持續迫切需要捐血。 您可以在 Blood.ca 進行網路預約。

Due to ongoing health and safety restrictions, capacity inside the special exhibition is limited.

由於持續的健康與安全限制，特展內的人數容量有限。

It is important as a scientist, irrespective of belief, to be as objective as possible and steer clear of overtly political, advocacy, or activist stances.

作為一名科學家，無論信仰如何，盡可能客觀並避免公開的政治、宣傳或激進主義立場是很重要的。

The road runs parallel to the Ottawa River

這條路平行於渥太華河

The attorney's persistent questioning weakened the witness.

律師的持續詢問削弱了證人的力量。

Animals were plentiful for hunting, and there was an abundance of wild cereals on the mountain ridges

狩獵的動物很多，山脊上有豐富的野生穀物

Trade, technology and socio-economic change can affect agriculture just as profoundly as changes in rainfall and temperature.

貿易、技術和社會經濟變化對農業的影響與降雨和溫度的變化一樣深遠。

There are many economists who are profoundly skeptical about China's official data, who think the true figure is a good deal lower.

許多經濟學家對中國的官方數據深表懷疑，他們認為真實數字要低很多。

She has always been a strong proponent of women’s rights.

她一直是女性權利的堅定支持者。

He was identified as a leading proponent of the values of progressive education.​

他被認為是進步教育價值觀的主要支持者。​

He is a leading proponent of gun control.

他是槍支管制的主要支持者。

You might be a proponent of longer vacations, but your parents are proponents of a longer school year.

您可能支持更長的假期，但您的父母支持更長的學年。

Built in 1830, the house retains many of its original features

這座房子建於 1830 年，保留了許多原有的特色

They saw their families and communities through difficult times, when money was scarce and the demands of rural life were very demanding.

他們看到他們的家庭和社區度過了困難時期，當時資金匱乏，農村生活的需求非常苛刻。

The tender young trees lining the pedestrian walkways would scarcely offer much shade for your picnic.

人行道旁的嫩嫩的小樹幾乎不會為您的野餐提供太多遮蔭。

In a market economy it is as easy to fall as to rise, but in periods of scarcity and famine, easier to survive within such a system than outside it. the growing scarcity of resources.

在市場經濟中，跌倒容易上升，但在稀缺和飢荒時期，在這樣的體制內比在體制外更容易生存。資源日益稀缺。

Customers aren't choosing express shipping because it hasn't been sufficiently advertised.

客戶沒有選擇限時快遞，因為我們沒有充分的宣傳它。

Are you sure that the glass is sufficiently strong to resist breakage?

您確定玻璃的強度足以保證它不會破嗎？

The release of the film could be halted if a plagiarism claim is upheld by a High Court judge next week.

如果下周高等法院法官支持剽竊指控，這部電影的發行可能會停止。

My parents are vague about it in their accounts

我的父母在他們的賬戶中對此含糊其辭

A vast desert lay before us. 

我們面前是一片廣闊的沙漠。

I would be very scared to be lost in the vast sea

我會很害怕迷失在茫茫大海中

the vast majority of something

絕大多數的東西

vast amounts of something = enormous amount of something = immense amount of something​​

大量的東西=大量的東西=大量的東西​​​​

a vast difference between

之間的巨大差異

She has a vast amount of knowledge on this subject.

她對這個主題有大量的知識。

Medical students are required to learn and retain vast amounts of knowledge on the path to becoming physicians;

要求醫學生在成為醫生的道路上學習並保留大量知識；

A large shopping center would require a vast amount of space

大型購物中心需要大量空間

The policy is supported by the vast majority of citizens.

該政策得到絕大多數公民的支持。

The vast majority of people in Australia live in big cities.

澳大利亞絕大多數人居住在大城市。

In the vast majority of cases, lung cancer is caused by smoking.

在絕大多數情況下，肺癌是由吸煙引起的。

There is a vast difference between them.

他們之間有很大的不同。