多益单字电子书

當我們說 someone is at work，有可能是指某人正「身在上班的地方」(At one's workplace)，也有可能是說某人正「在工作中」(in the process of doing work)，例句：

She is not home now. She is at work.

她現在不在家。她在上班。

I had a very smooth day at work today.

今天我的工作非常的順利。

Sorry I didn't show up sooner. I got tied up at work.

抱歉我沒有早點出現。我被工作綁住了。

Kevin likes to slack off at work.

Kevin 喜歡在工作的時候摸魚。

I think you should call in sick tomorrow.

我覺得你明天應該請病假。

Bob called in sick, so I need someone to fill in.

Bob 請了病假，所以我需要有人來代班。

Angela won't be coming in today. She called in sick. She told me she was not feeling well.

Angela 今天不會來上班。她請了病假。她告訴我她人不舒服。

I was up all night throwing up and I feel terrible right now. I think I might need to call in sick.

我整晚都在嘔吐，我現在很不舒服。我想我可能需要請病假。

在英文裡有很多不同的單字可以來表達「工作的休假」，Holiday、Vacation、Days off、Leave、Break，都有「放假、休息」的意思，但用法稍有不同，我們這篇會來看 leave 跟 day off 的用法。Day off = a day of vacation，也就是不用上班、不用上學的日子，搭配的動詞是 take。To take … off  → 中間加上「天數」，表示「請幾天的假」，或是中間放入「週一到週日的某一天」，表示「禮拜幾請假」，我們來看例句：

I've been working overtime for a week. I'm exhausted. I'm going to take a day off tomorrow.

我已經加班一週了，累死了。我明天要請一天假。

I'd like to take a half-day off this afternoon as I am feeling a bit under the weather now.

我今天下午想要請半天假，因為我現在有點不太舒服。

Mike will take three days off next week to take care of his mother in the hospital.

Mike 下週會請三天假去醫院照顧他的母親。

I plan to take Friday off to go to the wedding with my friend.

我計劃禮拜五要請假和朋友參加婚禮。

My manager said I should take a few days off, delegate my workload, get some rest, cut back on caffeine, and have lots of fruit.

我的經理說我應該請幾天假，分派我的工作量，休息一下，減少咖啡因的攝入，多吃水果。

Leave 這個字當名詞使用時候指的是「假」，各種不同的的假都含有這個字。例如：

1. Sick leave = 病假
2. Personal leave = 事假
3. Annual leave = 特休
4. Maternity leave = 產假
5. Paternity leave = 陪產假
6. Funeral leave = 喪假

我們一樣可以用 take 這個動詞，或是用片語 be on paternity/maternity/sick leave。我們來看一些句子：

I'm not feeling well. I'd like to take sick leave this afternoon.

我不太舒服。今天下午我想請病假。

The doctor insisted that he take sick leave for another week.

醫生堅持讓他再請一週病假。

For workers who are unable to work because they have been diagnosed with COVID-19 or have to self-isolate, paid sick leave can provide some income continuity.

對於因被診斷出患有 COVID-19 或不得不自我隔離而無法工作的工人，帶薪病假可以提供一定的連續性收入。

She's due next month, so she will start taking maternity leave.

她下個月就要生了，所以她將開始休產假。

I will be on maternity leave for a month. Emily will fill in for me.

我將請一個月的產假，Emily 會代我的班。

I'd like to take a personal leave on May 11.

我 5 月 11 號那天想要請事假。

How many days of annual leave do you have in your country?

你們國家一年有幾天特休啊?

In Austria, everyone has five weeks of annual leave including 13 days of national holidays.

在奧地利，每個人一年有 5 週的特休，包括 13 天的國定假日。

說到「上班」的英文，大家應該會立刻想到 go to work，那「下班、收工」用英文要怎麼說呢？其實有很多種說法，最常見的就是 get off work ，有時候你也可以用 leave work 或是 leave the office 來表示下班，或者直接用：I am off…的句子來表達也可以。

What time do you get off work today?

你今天幾點下班?

Joe got off work early today to pick up his kids.

Joe 今天提早下班去接他小孩。

We usually get off work late on Wednesday.

我們通常週三都比較晚下班。

I got off work early, so I thought I'd make dinner for both of us.

我下班的早，所以我想我會為我們倆做晚飯。

Hey, I just left work. Do you need me to drop by the supermarket to buy some groceries?

嘿，我剛下班。你需要我去超市買些雜貨嗎？

I remember you always used to leave the office at this time on Fridays.

我記得你總是在星期五的這個時候離開辦公室。

I am off at 6 p.m. today.

我今天六點下班。

Go to work 或是 go to the office 翻成中文就是「出門上班」，來看例句：

I didn't feel like going to work today, so I took a day off.

我今天不想上班，所以請了一天假。

She usually goes to work by bus.

她通常搭公車上班。

He got up at seven and went to the office at eight this morning.

他今早七點起床，八點出門上班。

I went to work by bus today, but I came home by train.

我上班坐公車，回家做火車。

Come to work 就是「來上班」，例句：

John didn't come to work this morning.

John 今天早上沒來上班。

Elaine didn't come to work today. We have been trying to reach her.

Elaine 今天沒來上班。我們一直試著要聯繫到她。

I came to work by bus today, but I'm going home by train.

我今天上班坐公車來的，我下班回家會搭火車。

動詞 leave 最常見的意思是「離開」，可以指離開某個地點、某個人，或是辭去某項職位，根據情況可以是及物或不及物動詞。另一個常見意思是「留下」，例如留下物品、留下訊息，或讓某人留在原地。當 leave 當作名詞使用時，則表示「假期」，像是病假（sick leave）、事假（personal leave）、特休（annual leave）、產假（maternity leave）、陪產假（paternity leave）與喪假（funeral leave）等，都用到這個字。至於 leaves，這個字根據句子不同可能代表的是 leave 的第三人稱單數現在式，例如 "She leaves at 5."；也可能是 leaf（樹葉） 的複數型，例如 "The leaves are falling." 理解這些用法能幫助你正確判斷意思並靈活運用。

I'll be leaving at six o'clock tomorrow morning.

我明天清晨六點鐘離開。

The bus left half an hour ago but another will be arriving soon.

公車半小時前離開了，但另一輛很快就會來了。

The train leaves in two minutes.

這部火車兩分鐘後發車。

You must give the company two weeks' notice before leaving.

你必須在離職前兩週通知公司。

We left the party early, so we didn't know what happened afterward. 

我們提前離開了派對，所以我們不知道後來發生了什麼事。

He left home after graduating from high school.

他高中畢業後搬離(與父母親同住的)家。

Jonathan left his job and went back to school.

Jonathan 辭了工作回到學校。(=quit)

He's going to be leaving the company soon and starting his own business.

他很快就要離開公司，開創自己的事業。

To leave for = 前往

I have to leave for a business seminar in Jersey City at 1 P.M.

我下午1點必須前往位於澤西市的商業研討會。

Can we leave our luggage at the hotel until it is time to leave for the airport?

我們可以將行李留在飯店，直到該前往機場時(領取)嗎？

The train left from Taichung for Taipei an hour ago.

火車一小時前從台中開往台北。

動詞 leave 第二個中文解釋是「留下」的意思。

Heather suddenly remembered she had left her keys in the car.

Heather 突然想起來她把鑰匙忘在車裡了。

Please leave the package by the door.

請把包裹放在門口。

We left a turkey (roasting) in the oven.

我們在烤箱裡留下了一隻火雞(所以我們離開的時候火雞仍在烤)。

I left the children watching television.

我走的時候，孩子們仍在看電視。

Leave 當成動詞用的時候，還有「使保留、使保持」的意思

I'll have to go back—I think I've left the iron on.

我必須得回去——我覺得好像忘記關電熨斗了。

I left the window open when I left home.

離開家時，我把窗戶打開了。

Can you leave the door unlocked for me?

你門能夠不要上鎖嗎？

He left the engine running.

他離開的時候沒有關掉引擎。

名詞用法

Leave 這個字當名詞使用時候指的是「假」，各種不同的的假都含有這個字，例如：

• Sick leave = 病假

• Personal leave = 事假

• Annual leave = 特休

• Maternity leave = 產假

• Paternity leave = 陪產假

• Funeral leave = 喪假

我們一樣可以用 take 這個動詞，或是用片語 be on paternity/maternity/sick leave。我們來看一些句子：

I'm not feeling well. I'd like to take sick leave this afternoon.

我不太舒服。今天下午我想請病假。

The doctor insisted that he take sick leave for another week.

醫生堅持讓他再請一週病假。

For workers who are unable to work because they have been diagnosed with COVID-19 or have to self-isolate, paid sick leave can provide some income continuity.

對於因被診斷出患有 COVID-19 或不得不自我隔離而無法工作的工人，帶薪病假可以提供一定的連續性收入。

She's due next month, so she will start taking maternity leave.

她下個月就要生了，所以她將開始休產假。

I will be on maternity leave for a month. Emily will fill in for me.

我將請一個月的產假，Emily 會代我的班。

I'd like to take a personal leave on May 11.

我 5 月 11 號那天想要請事假。

How many days of annual leave do you have in your country?

你們國家一年有幾天特休啊?

In Austria, everyone has five weeks of annual leave including 13 days of national holidays.

在奧地利，每個人一年有 5 週的特休，包括 13 天的國定假日。

Overtime 當作副詞就是「在正常工作時間之外工作」，也就是我們說的「加班」：

They're working overtime to get the job done on time.

他們加班以準時完成這項工作。

Employees working overtime will receive overtime pay.

加班的員工將獲得加班費。

He got fired for refusing to work overtime.

他因拒絕加班而被解僱了。

My husband has been working long hours for the past six months. He works overtime like four times a week. I am worried that he is overworked and emotionally drained.

我先生在過去的六個月裡一直長時間地工作。 他每週加班大約四次。我擔心他工作過度，情緒低落。

上面對話中的 time and a half 就是指加班費率用時薪的 1.5 倍來計算，在國外，加班費政策(overtime pay policies) 因公司而異，但 time and a half 是一個很常見的費率：Time and a Half Rate = Hourly Rate x 1.5。

Overtime 也有名詞的用法，分別有「加班時間」或是「加班費」的中文解釋：

To do overtime = 加班

He was doing a lot of overtime to save for his vacation.

為了要存錢度假他狂加班。

I've been doing overtime all week to get this project done by the deadline.

為了在截止日期前完成這項企劃，我整個星期都在加班。

I did four hours overtime yesterday.

我昨天加班了四個小時。

She earns $650 a week, including overtime.

她每週收入 650 美元，包括加班費。

Everyone is on overtime this weekend.

這個週末大家都有加班費。

They went to court and filed a case against their employer for unfair dismissal and unpaid overtime.

他們以不公平解僱和無償加班為由向法院提起訴訟，控告其雇主。

Work 最常被使用的動詞意思就是「工作；上班」，Work at 用來表示「在某個地點工作」，例如餐廳、醫院、郵局，也可以用來表達「在某家公司工作」，Work for 用來表示替某人或某公司工作， Work 也能用來表達一件事情或想法「達到預期的效果或結果」，白話一點就是「行得通」。 Work 當名詞時候可以解釋為「工作」、「作品」或是「上班的地方」。

I'm not working tomorrow. My boss gave me the day off.

我明天不用上班。我的老闆讓我放了一天假。

I work about 60 hours a week. My job requires me to work nights and weekends.

我每週工作大約 60 小時。我的工作要求我晚上和周末工作。

I only work 5 hours per day now. I used to work long hours, but that really took a toll on my health.

我現在每天只工作 5 個小時。我過去的工作時間很長，但那確實對我的健康造成了影響。

Work part-time = 做兼職、打工

My brother now works part-time at a restaurant.

我哥哥現在一家餐廳打工。

Henry works part-time stocking shelves in a pharmacy and earns $15.55 an hour.

Henry 在一家藥妝店兼職打工補貨架，每小時收入 15.55 美元。

Work from home = 居家上班

I envy John. He works from home and doesn't need to get up early to go to work.

我羨慕約翰。他在家工作，不需要早起去上班。

My boss has offered me the opportunity to work from home.

我的老闆給我居家上班的機會。

I have found that working from home improved my focus and productivity.

我發現在家工作提高了我的注意力和工作效率。

Work at 用來表示「在某個地點工作」，例如餐廳、醫院、郵局，也可以用來表達「在某家公司工作」

My college friend has a high-paying job now. He currently works at Google. 

我的大學朋友現在有一份高薪工作。他目前在 Google 工作。

My brother works at the hospital. 

我弟弟在一家醫院工作。 

She worked as a cleaner at the hospital. 

她在醫院裡當清潔工人。 

My roommate works at the cafe across the street.

我的室友在對面的咖啡廳工作。

When I was in college,  I worked as a waitress at a Japanese restaurant to make extra money.

當我還是大學生時後，我在一家日本餐廳當服務生賺取外快。

Work for 用來表示替某人或某公司工作

Mike works for a computer company. 

Mike 在一家電腦公司工作。

Tina has people working for her, but she keeps a tight rein on every part of the process.

Tina 有請人為她工作，但她對過程的每個部分都保持著嚴格的控管。

Work under 用來表示在某人底下工作

Julia is my supervisor. I work under her.

Julia 是我的主管。我在她底下工作。

Work 也能用來表達一件事情或想法「達到預期的效果或結果」，白話一點就是「行得通」

I don't think this plan would work because it'll cost too much money.

我不覺得這個計畫行得通，因為它會花太多錢。

The idea sounds good in theory, but it will never work in practice.

這個想法理論上聽起來不錯，但真實踐的話是永遠行不通的。

接下來我們來看看 work 當名詞的用法， work 當名詞時候可以解釋為「工作」、「作品」或是「上班的地方」，例句:

I've got so much work to do. I'll have to take this work home with me and finish it there. 

我有一大堆工作要做。我只好把這項工作帶回家完成。

It is not fair for me to do most of the work. You should help me more.

都是我在做大部分的工作，這很不公平，你應該幫我多一點的。

I know him through work.

我是通過工作認識他的。

John didn't come to work today, and James just left work a few minutes ago.

約翰今天沒來上班，詹姆斯幾分鐘前才下班。

The museum has many works by Picasso as well as other modern painters. 

這家博物館有很多畢加索的作品，也有不少其他現代畫家的作品。

Absence 有以下兩種中文解釋：(1) 缺勤、缺席 (2) 缺少。​

Absence = 缺勤

Mary is going to be on maternity leave next month. Who do you think will take her place during her absence?

Mary 下個月就要休產假了。在她缺席期間，你認為誰會接替她的位置？

I'm deputizing for the director during his absence.

主任不在的期間，將由我代理他的工作。

She has so many absences from work this year. I think the boss is thinking about letting her go.

今年她多次曠職。我想老闆正在考慮讓她走。

Every workplace should have its own absence policy.

每個工作場所都應該有自己的缺勤政策。

Leave of absence = 假

I am going to ask for a two-day leave of absence to attend my brother's wedding.

我要請兩天假去參加我哥哥的婚禮。

Joseph took a two-month leave of absence to finish his dissertation. 

為了完成論文，Joseph 請了兩個月的假。

Absence = 缺少

The absence of oxygen in the water is causing the fish to die.

水中缺氧會導致魚死亡。

In the absence of = without = 在缺乏..狀況下

A lot of young people moved out of the city. In the absence of young talents, many tech companies have no choice but to outsource to India.

很多年輕人離開了這座城市。在缺乏年輕人才的情況下，許多科技公司別無選擇，只能外包。

In the absence of an agreement, the court will decide according to the child's best interests.

在沒有達成協議的情況下，法院將根據孩子的最大利益作出裁決。

To clock in 或是 to punch in 就是「打卡上班」的意思，例句：

What time did you clock in this morning?

你今天早上幾點打卡？

I have to clock in by eight.

我八點鐘前得打卡上班。

I punched in at 8:00 a.m.

我在上午八點打卡上班。

Staff should clock in on arrival.

工作人員應在抵達時打卡。

來看一個廣告：

Clock out 是動詞，意思是「下班打卡」。這個短語常用於描述員工在工作日結束時於時間記錄系統中登記離開的動作，尤 其在需要打卡記錄上下班時間的工作場所。

He forgot to clock out and had to call his manager to correct his timesheet.

他忘記打下班卡，不得不打電話給經理修正他的工時表。

Make sure to clock out before you leave, or you won't be paid for today.

離開前一定要打卡下班，否則你今天的工資將無法結算。

The system automatically clocks out employees who forget to do it manually after their shift ends.

該系統會自動為忘記手動打卡的員工打下班卡。

Do you have any plans for the long weekend?　

連假你有什麼計畫嗎？

What are you doing for the long weekend?

連假你要做什麼？

We spent our long weekend in the Berkshires, a beautiful range of hills in the western parts of Massachusetts.

我們在馬薩諸塞州西部美麗的山丘伯克郡度過了我們的長週末。

幫某人「代班」用英文有以下幾種說法：(1) Fill in for someone (2) Cover for someone (3) Cover someone's shift (4) Take someone's shift

I will be on paternity leave for three months. Mark will fill in for me.

我將請三個月的陪產假，Mark 會代我的班。

Thank you for covering for me during my recent illness. It was great knowing that you had my back and helped my recovery. I am so fortunate to have a colleague like you. 

謝謝你在我最近生病期間接替我的工作。 知道有你的支持並幫助我康復真是太好了。我很幸運有你這樣的同事。

I promised Peggy I would cover her shift tonight.

我答應 Peggy 今晚會幫她代班。

Who wants to take my shift tomorrow? 

有誰願意明天幫我代班？

To fill someone's position 意思是填補某個人的職位，to fill a vacant position or to fill a vacancy 也是同樣的意思，我們通常會說 someone was chosen/appointed/elected/nominated to fill a vacancy，例句:

We have found an adequate candidate to fill in Steve's position in terms of skills and availability.

以個人技能和可以開始上班的時間來說，我們已經找到了一個合適的人選來填補 Steve 的職位。

The company has a process for filling vacant positions promptly to avoid disruption to operations.

為了避免中斷公司運營，該公司有一個迅速填補空缺職位的流程。

Harvey was appointed to fill a vacancy on the Burnaby City Council.

Harvey 任命填補本 Burnaby 市議會的空缺。

Cowin has been nominated to fill a vacancy on the court.

Cowin 已被提名填補法院的職缺。

The Conservatives are expected to lose another vote next week in a local election to fill a vacancy.

保守黨預計將在下週的地方補選再次失去選票。

Shift 這個字有很多種意思，其中一個意思就是「輪班」，Shfit 是一種常見於服務業、製造業、醫療業的工作制度，這類工作稱 shift work，如果說要表達「幫某人代班」，則有以下幾種用法：(1) Take someone's shift (2) Cover someone's shift (3) Fill in for someone (4) Cover for someone。輪班制的員工有時要上日班(day shift)、晚班(evening shift)，或是大夜班(graveyard shift)。

要表達「某人上什麼班」或是「正在值什麼班」，有以下幾種用法：(1) 上白天班 = work the day shift / be on the day shift (2) 上晚班 = work the night shift / be on the night shift (3) 上大夜班 = work the graveyard shift / be on the graveyard shift。

Shift 當動詞時候，意思是「(使) 移動、改變方向、轉移」，「車子換檔」的英文可以用 shift gears。

接下來我們來看看一些實用的句子吧！

I can't make it to my shift today.

我今天無法值班。

She's just finished a 13-hour shift at the hospital.

她剛剛在醫院值了 13 小時的班。

Most assembly line workers work in shifts.

多數的生產線工作人員是採輪班工作制度的。

Right now five people including me are taking turns to be on the night shift.

現在包括我在內有五個人輪流值夜班。

I am supposed to work the night shift tonight, but I am not feeling well. Can you take my shift?

我今晚本來要上晚班但我身體不舒服。你能幫我代班嗎?

I am going to work double shifts tomorrow. Can you take my shift?

我明天要值兩輪班。你能幫我代班嗎?

Next week, I will work the graveyard shift for three days in a row. It is going to be brutal.

我下週要連值三天的大夜班，我死定了。

Based on next week's work schedule, I have 3 days of afternoon shifts and 4 days of morning shifts next week.

根據下週的工作表，我下週有三天的下午班和四天的早班。

接下來我們來看看 shift 的另外幾個中文解釋及用法：

Shift = (使) 移動、改變方向、轉移

及物動詞用法

I shifted the bag to my other shoulder.

我把包包移到我的另一個肩膀上。(換肩膀揹的意思)

If we shift the offices to the second floor, we can double the size of our showrooms.

如果我們把辦公司移到二樓的話，我們就可以擁有空間兩倍大的展示廳。

She shifted her position slightly so she could see the stage better.

她稍微移動了位置，以便更清楚地看到舞台。

不及物動詞用法

The wind is expected to shift to the west tomorrow. 

預計風明天轉向爲西風。

He nervously shifted from one foot to another.

他不安地(把身體的重心)從一隻腳轉移到另一隻腳。

Shift = 改變 (立場、主意、態度)

不及物動詞用法

Public opinion on gun control has shifted dramatically in recent years.

近年來，公眾對槍支管制的看法發生了巨大變化。

Society's attitudes towards women have shifted enormously over the last century. 

在過去一個世紀中，社會對女性的態度有了巨大的改變。 

Media attention has shifted recently onto environmental issues. 

媒體關注的焦點最近轉移到了環保問題。

可數名詞用法

Industry experts argue that a recent shift in consumer awareness about health and wellness also has a big impact on the beauty industry.

產業專家表示，近年來消費者對於健康的意識出現了變化，這對美麗產業也有很大的衝擊。

Shift = 換檔 (英式英文偏好用 change gears)

In cars that are automatics, you don't have to bother with shifting gears. 

開自排汽車無需換檔。

You'll probably rely on the tachometer when you first start driving a manual car to know when to shift gears. But with experience, you'll be able to do it by how the car sounds and feels.

當你第一次開始駕駛手排車時，你可能會依靠轉速表來知道換檔的時間點。但是有了經驗之後，你就能夠透過汽車的聲音和感覺來做到這一點。

The tachometer on your vehicle dashboard shows your engine's current RPMs; you should shift before it begins to reach the red line at the top of the range.

車輛儀表板上的轉速表顯示引擎當下的轉速；你應該在它開始到達範圍頂部的紅線之前換檔。

He slammed on the gas and shifted into third gear.

他猛踩油門，換到三檔。

Slow the car down by shifting into lower gears.

排入較低檔位使汽車減速。

注：汽車分成兩種：自排車(automatic cars)以及手排車(manual cars)，另外也有 a car with an automatic transmission 或是 a manual transmission 的講法，transmission 是傳動裝置/變速器的意思。