多益单字字卡

Insurance是名詞，意思是「保險」， 一般我們比較熟悉的保險有 life insurance (人壽險)、 health insurance (健康險)、 auto/car insurance (汽車險) 、travel insurance (旅遊保險) 等等。當你想要表達「購買保險」或是「投保」這個動作，你可以用 take out insurance 。​

I'll need to take out extra car insurance for another driver. 

我需要為另一名駕駛購買車險。

My father was very glad that he had taken out insurance on the car. 

我父親很高興他有幫他的車子投保。

I usually buy my travel insurance from my existing insurance provider.

我通常從我現有的保險公司購買我的旅遊保險。

If you plan to travel outside Canada, even for a day in the United States, you should buy travel health insurance before you leave.

如果您計劃在加拿大境外旅行，​即使是在美國停留一天，您應該在出發前購買旅行健康保險。

If you travel frequently or travel with valuables or expensive clothes, you should consider purchasing baggage insurance. 

如果你經常旅行或攜帶貴重物品或昂貴的衣服旅行，你應該考慮購買行李保險。

這邊補充一下 take out 幾個常見的用法：

Take out an insurance = 購買保險;投保

I took out travel insurance before I went abroad. 

我出國前有購買旅平險。

Take our money from an account = 從銀行帳戶領錢

I took out $100 from my bank account.

我從我銀行帳戶領 100 元出來。

Take out a loan or a mortgage = 貸款

I want to take out a mortgage.

我想要申請房屋貸款。

Insurance 也可以指「理賠金」。例句：

After the fire, we used the insurance money to buy a new house.

火災後，我們用保險理賠金買了新房子。

She used her husband's insurance money to put their son through medical school.

她用丈夫的保險金讓兒子讀了醫學院。

Insure 意思是「為（某人或某物）提供保險；承保」。​

They refused to insure us because they said we're too old.

他們拒絕為我們提供保險，因為他們認為我們年紀太大了。

Many companies won't insure new or young drivers.

許多公司是不會為新司機或年輕司機提供保險的。

但其實這個字最常以以下兩種被動語法出現：

• 物品 + insured for + 錢

• 物品 + insured against + 損壞

The house is insured for two million dollars.

該房子投保了200萬英鎊。

All our household goods are insured against accidental damage.

我們家裡所有的物品都保了意外損失險。

He submitted a claim to the insurer. 

他向保險公司提出索賠。

Due to accidental damage, Darren submitted a claim to the insurer. 

由於這起意外損失，Darren 向保險公司申請索賠。

In this policy, the insurer agrees to pay for all medical expenses. 

在這份保單中保險公司同意支付所有醫療費用。

There's no need to stick to the same insurer each year for your car because shopping around could save you money.

沒有必要每年為你的汽車購買同一家保險公司(的保險)，因為貨比三家可以替你省錢。

The policy covers accidental and liquid damage. If your gadget has been damaged due to splashes or full immersion, we'll repair it or replace it. Unlike some insurers, we even cover minor screen cracks.

這張保單的理賠範圍涵蓋意外和液體損壞。如果您的行動裝置因濺水或完全泡水而損壞，我們將進行維修或更換。與一些保險公司不同，我們的理賠範圍甚至涵蓋輕微的螢幕裂縫。

Policy 最常見的中文解釋是「政策」，但很多人不知道其實「保單」的英文也是 policy 這個字，我們常說的「保戶」，也就是所謂的「要保人」或「投保人」，英文就是 policyholder，例句：

Please check the terms of the insurance policy before you sign. 

簽署保單之前，請先確認其中載明的條款。

Does the policy cover sudden death or disablement? 

猝死或肢體殘障有在這份保單的理賠範圍內嗎？

Property damage caused by fire is not covered under this policy.

因火災造成的財產損失，並不在這張保單的理賠範圍內。

Our insurance policy has not lapsed yet.

我們的保單還沒失效。

Can you give me the reference number of your policy?

你能給我你的保單號碼嗎？

Typically, a more comprehensive insurance policy that provides you more coverage than another will result in a more expensive premium.

一般來說，越全面、理賠範圍比其他家保單越廣的保單，保費也更加昂貴。

Claim 可以當名詞跟動詞，當用作動詞時，意思是「聲稱，領取」，當用作名詞時，意思是「聲稱，要求」。Claim 這個字也可以指的是「索賠」(名詞跟動詞用法都有)，而「提出索賠」可以用以下幾種方始來表達：(1) Submit a claim to + 保險公司 (2) File a claim to + 保險公司 (3) Make a claim on + 保險名稱 (4) Claim on  + 保險名稱。保險公司「付賠償金」或是「賠償」可以用以下幾種方式來表達：(1) 保險公司 + pay out claims (2) 保險公司 + reimburse + 人 + for +費用。

I submitted a claim to the insurer. 

我向保險公司提出索賠。

I filed an insurance claim to my car insurance company.

我向我的車子保險公司提出索賠。

I made a claim on car insurance after the car accident.

在車禍後我提出索賠。

After her house was burgled, she made a claim on her insurance. 

她家被盜後，她要求提出索賠。

When my scooter was stolen, I claimed on the motor insurance and got NT$25,000 back. 

我的機車被偷後，我提出索賠，拿回了台幣兩萬五。

If you want the insurance company to pay out claims for your car damage, you need to file an insurance claim first.

如果你想要保險公司為你的車子損壞付賠嘗金，你必須要先提出索賠。

The insurance company will reimburse you for your car damage.

保險公司會賠償你車子的損壞。

My motor insurance company refuses to pay out claims.

我的機車保險公司拒絕付我保險金。

The insurance company settled the claim within a few days.
保險公司在幾天內解決了這個索賠。

Claim (動詞) =「聲稱」

He claims that he was at home when the crime occurred.
他聲稱犯罪發生時他在家。

Claim (動詞) =「領取」

She claimed her prize at the ceremony.
她在典禮上領取了她的獎品。

Claim (名詞) =「聲稱，要求」

They made no claim to the land after finding it was already inhabited.
在發現土地已有人居住後，他們未對該地提出任何所有權要求。

She made a bold claim about the effectiveness of the new product.
她大膽聲稱新產品的效果非常好。

想要表達「按 ....%的保險費率投保」這個動作，我們可以用 Be coverable at a premium of ...% 來表達，例句：

This life insurance is coverable at a premium of 2%.

這個人壽險是按 2%的保險費率投保。

注: premium 在這裡指的是「保險費」。

名詞 coverage 有幾個不同的中文解釋，當我們討論保險的時候 coverage 的意思是「理賠範圍」，例句：

Sudden death or disablement are not included in the coverage.

猝死或肢體殘障並不在理賠範圍內。

Under this policy, there is no coverage for property damage caused by fire.

因火災造成的財產損失，並不在這張保單的理賠範圍內。

You must pay your premium for your coverage to start.

您必須支付保費，保險才能生效。

Earthquake insurance offers coverage for your home and belongings if they are damaged or destroyed in an earthquake. A standard homeowners insurance policy doesn't cover earthquake damage. If your house gets damaged in an earthquake, you will have to pay for the repairs yourself if you don't have earthquake insurance.

若您的房屋和財物在地震中受損或毀壞，地震險會為您的房屋和財物提供保障。標準的屋主保單不包括地震損壞。如果你的房子在地震中受損，而你沒有承保地震險，你將不得不自己支付維修費用。

Coverage = 新聞報導

Coverage 第二個常見的解釋是「新聞報導」，和前面第一個用法一樣，都是不可數名詞，例句：

What do you think of the BBC's election coverage? 

你怎麽看英國廣播公司的大選報導？

There was massive TV coverage of the funeral. 

這個葬禮有大篇幅的新聞報導。

Media coverage of Russia's invasion of Ukraine has been massive.

俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭有非常大篇幅的媒體報導。

The channel will have live coverage of the game.

這個頻道會實況播導這場比賽。

Deduct 是及物動詞，是「扣除、減除」的意思，例句：

When paying our taxes, can we deduct the cost of our child's education?

繳稅時，我們可以扣除孩子的教育費用嗎？

When paying taxes, you can deduct up to $500 for money given to charity.

繳稅時，您最多可以扣除 $500 美金的慈善捐款。

In the US, self-employed business owners can deduct 100% of health insurance costs. 

在美國，自僱者可扣除 100% 的健保費用。

Deduct = 數學中的減

在數學算數中，減法也是用 deduct 這個單字，與 subtract 為同義字，兩者通常都是與 from 這個介係詞做連接，以表示從某處減去多少數量或金額，例句：

The seller deducted 100 dollars from the original price.

賣家從原價減去一百元。

The cost of the work boots will be deducted from your wages.

工作靴的費用將從您的工資中扣掉。

Four subtracted from nine is five.

 9 減 4，是 5。

If you subtract four from nine, you get five.

如果從 9 中減去 4，你會得到 5。

Deductible 是及物動詞 deduct 的形容詞，意思是「可扣除的；可減免的」，例句：

Expenses like office phone bills are tax-deductible.

辦公室電話費等開支可從納稅項目中扣除。

If something is tax-deductible, it means you do not have to pay tax on it.

如果某樣東西是稅收減免的，意思是你不需要為這樣東西付稅。

The trip was deductible as a business expense. 

這趟旅程可以當作公費減免的。

Deductible = 免賠額/自付額

Deductible 也可以解釋成名詞「免賠額」(指保險單內規定保險購買人在意外發生時自行承擔的某一數額的損失)，用我們消費者的立場去想的話，比較接近的說法是「自付額」，自付額的多寡和保戶繳交的 premium 有很大的關係，比方說今天身為保戶的你繳少少的 premium，deductible 自然就會高一點 (畢竟這些美國私人醫療保險公司都想要賺錢的)，我們來看幾個例句：

Customers can lower insurance premiums by taking higher deductibles. 

顧客可以選擇高免賠額/自付額來降低保險費。

I have a $500 auto insurance deductible.

我有 500 美元的汽車保險免賠額/自付額。

I have an insurance policy with a $1,000 USD deductible. 

我保單裡含有 1000 美元的自付額。

上面這個句子的意思是，你跟保險公司買的保單 deductible 是 1000 元，因此只要你去看醫生的看診費用在 1000 元內，都算是自付額 (deductible)，你都得自己付，即便你每個月都有繳保險費(premium)。假設你某次看診花了 2000 元，保險公司才會幫你付扣掉自付額以外的費用，或是給付到承保的限額 (up to your coverage limit)，以沒有限額的情況來說，保險公司就是給付 2000 - 1000 = 1000 元。

Deduct 的名詞變化形是 deduction，除了「減除」的意思外，在報稅方面 deduction 還有「扣除額」的意思，例句：

The interest I receive on my savings account is paid after the deduction of tax.

我儲蓄帳戶收到的存款利息已經扣過稅的。

After deductions, his taxable income is $30,000.

扣除免稅項目後，他的應稅收入為三萬美元。

If you're an employee working remotely rather than a business owner, you don't qualify for the home office tax deduction.

如果您是遠距工作的員工而不是企業主，您是沒有資格獲得家庭辦公室稅收減免的。

If you run your business at or from home and have a room or space set aside exclusively for business activities, you may be able to claim tax deductions for home-based business expenses. A home can include a house, apartment, condominium, mobile home, boat, or similar structure.

如果您在家經營業務，並有專門用於業務活動的房間或空間，您可能可以為家庭業務費用申請稅收減免。家可以包括房屋、公寓套房、公寓大樓、移動屋、船或者類似的結構。

Premium 當名詞有很多不同的中文解釋，首先我們來看 premium 在「保險」相關詞彙單元的用法：

Premium = insurance premium = 保險費

An insurance premium is the amount of money that an individual is required to pay to an insurance company in order to receive insurance coverage. Depending on your insurers, you may need to pay on a monthly, semi-annual, annual basis, or even a lump sum before your coverage begins.

保險費是個人為了獲得保險而需要向保險公司支付的金額。根據你的保險公司，你可能需要在保險開始前按月付、半年付、年付甚至一次性支付你的保險費。

Make sure you continue to pay your monthly premiums to your health insurance company on time. If you don't, the insurance company could end your coverage.

確保你繼續按時向你的健康保險公司支付每個月的保費。如果你不這樣做，保險公司可能會終止你的保險。

Health insurance premiums have increased this year. 

今年健保費漲了。

Car insurance premiums went up again this year.

今年車險保費又再度上漲了。

The premium for third-party moto insurance might go up next year.

機車的第三責任險的保費明年可能增加。

My company deducts the monthly premium for my health insurance from my check every month.

我的公司從我的薪水每個月扣掉我的健保費。

When you are purchasing auto insurance, the insurance company will be looking at your driving records, such as violations, parking tickets, license suspensions, and driving accidents. A driver with a clean driving record will be charged with a smaller premium than a driver with a record consisting of accidents and violations.

當你購買汽車保險時，保險公司會查看你的駕駛記錄，例如違規、停車罰單、駕照吊銷和駕駛事故。與有事故和違規記錄的駕駛相比，擁有乾淨駕駛記錄的駕駛將被收取少一點的保費。

Premium = 高出一般行情的價格

Premium 也可以指「高出一般行情的價格」，所以如果你想要表達「付出更高的價錢來買什麼東西」，你可以用 to pay a premium for something，例句：

Health-conscious customers are often willing to pay a premium for organically grown vegetables. 

有健康意識的消費者通常願意付出更高的價錢來買有機蔬菜。

Some people are willing to pay a premium for luxury brands.  

有些人願意付出更高的價錢來買名牌奢侈品。

They are willing to pay a premium for the best location.

為了得到最好的地段，他們願意多付些錢。

Be at a premium = 物品數量很少很珍貴或難以取得

Be at a premium 形容「物品數量很少很珍貴或難以取得」，例句：

Space on aircraft is at a premium, so you need to pay a lot if you want to fly business class.

空間在飛機上是很珍貴的，所以如果你想飛商務艙你必須要花很多錢。

Land in a crowded city is at a premium.

土地在擁擠的城市是很珍貴的且不好取得。

Premium = 高檔的(形容詞)

Premium 也有形容詞的用法，意思是「高檔的、高級、優質的」。比方說：premium brand (高檔品牌)、premium beers (高檔啤酒)、premium ice cream (高檔冰淇淋)、premium cigars (高級雪茄)。舉個大家可能更熟悉的例子：微軟的 Windows 操作系統分為不同版本，除了Home (家庭)、Professional (專業)、還有一個 Premium Edition (我們可以把它翻成“旗艦版”或“高級版”，也就是其功能更為強大，當然價格也就更高)。

Every year, around 100 million premium cigars are handcrafted in Cuba.  These cigars are sorted by color, checked for flaws, and then boxed for sale.

每年約有 1 億支高級雪茄在古巴手工製作。 這些雪茄按顏色分類，檢查瑕疵，然後裝箱出售。

The ice cream was pretty average but priced like premium ice cream. I will never go there again!

冰淇淋相當普通，但定價卻是高檔冰淇淋的價格。我再也不會去那裡了！

Premium ice cream tends to have low overrun and higher fat content than regular ice cream, and the manufacturer uses higher quality ingredients. For example, super-premium ice cream makers like Häagen-Dazs increased the butterfat to at least 15 percent, refused to use preservatives and stabilizers, and cut the overrun—the amount of air pushed into ice cream—to 20 percent.

與普通冰淇淋相比，高檔冰淇淋的膨脹率較低且脂肪含量較高，而且製造商使用更高品質的原料。 例如，像哈根達斯這樣的超高檔冰淇淋製造商將乳脂含量提高到至少 15%，拒絕使用防腐劑和穩定劑，並將膨脹率(加入冰淇淋中的空氣量)減少到 20%。

註：Overrun = 膨脹率，指的是冰淇淋在冷凍過程中空氣滲入的比例。較低的 overrun 膨脹率代表冰淇淋會有更濃郁、更滑順、更豐富的質地和味道 (much denser, creamier, and richer texture and taste)。

If something is tax-deductible, it means you do not have to pay tax on it.

如果某樣東西是稅收減免的，意思是你不需要為這樣東西付稅。

Expenses like office phone bills are tax-deductible.

辦公室電話費等開支可從納稅項目中扣除。

I have been a taxpayer for 30 years.

我繳稅已有 30 年了。

They said that the sculpture was a waste of taxpayers' money.

他們說這座雕像是在浪費納稅人的錢。

Taxpayers in Taiwan have been given the option to file their taxes via mobile devices for the first time, which is expected to shorten the process to just five minutes.

台灣納稅人首次可以選擇透過行動裝置報稅，預計報稅流程將縮短至僅需五分鐘。

With the tax-filing season starting on May 1, the government is encouraging Taiwan residents to take advantage of the new smartphone filing option. While taxpayers could previously file their taxes online, they had to certify their identity by inserting their NHI cards into a card reader attached to their computers.

隨著 5 月 1 日的報稅季開始，政府鼓勵台灣居民利用新的智慧手機報稅選項。雖然納稅人之前就可以透過網路報稅，但他們必須將 NHI 卡插入連接到電腦的讀卡器來驗證自己的身份。