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多益閱讀文法 - Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Students often struggle with differentiating between countable and uncountable nouns. In this lesson, we're going to break down these concepts and show you how to use them correctly in English. We will also provide a range of TOEIC test questions that put these concepts into practice. If you're aiming for a high score in the TOEIC exam, mastering these rules is a must! 

目錄

Countable and Uncountable nouns

▶️ countable nouns

Countable nouns are those that can be counted individually. In English, these nouns can exist in two forms, namely "singular" and "plural". The singular form is used when referring to a single item. It is typically preceded by "a", "an", or "one". For example, you might say "a pencil", "an apple", or "one room". The plural form is used when referring to two or more of the same item. It is usually created by adding an "s" to the end of the singular noun. For example, you might say "two pencils", "ten years", or "five mugs".

▶️ uncountable nouns

Uncountable nouns are those that cannot be counted individually. They are always presented in singular form. Unlike countable nouns, uncountable nouns cannot be preceded by "a" or "an", nor can they be made plural by adding an "s" to the end. For instance, "water", which is shapeless and cannot be counted, is an uncountable noun. Therefore, it cannot be written as "waters" or "a water."

Even though uncountable nouns cannot be counted, they can be quantified using unit measures. For example, you can say "a bottle of water", "a cup of tea", "two bottles of milk", or "a piece of cake".

Common Uncountable Nouns


Abstract concepts: information, advice, knowledge, research, progress, news
Raw materials: gold, iron, steel, wool, sand
Gasses and liquids: gas, air, oil, milk, water, tea, coffee, juice

Food: sugar, rice, bread, flour, fruit, chicken, pork, beef, lamb, cake, pizza
Place names and language names: Taiwan, English, Chinese
Others: luggage, furniture, equipment

Coffee is my favorite drink.
👉 coffee is an uncountable noun

I'd like a cup of black tea. Thank you.
👉 Although black tea is an uncountable noun and cannot be counted, it can be expressed by adding the unit quantifier “a cup of” in front of it

Common Uncountable Nouns

In this part, let’s take a look at common uncountable nouns.

▶️ Money, cash: uncountable noun

He makes a lot of money.
I need some cash.

▶️ fund is a countable noun, and funding is an uncountable noun

The government set up a fund to aid the poor.
Alisha is trying to get funding for her research.

▶️ business has both countable and uncountable noun usages

They set up a clothing business. (Here, a business means a company)
She runs a printing business. (Here, a business means a company)

The store has lost a significant amount of business since the pandemic.
Our firm does a lot of business with overseas customers.

▶️ Notice has both countable and uncountable noun usages: billboard, notice (countable); notice (uncountable)

I'll put up a notice about the meeting.
Could you give me some notice before you come?

Terms of the agreement are subject to change without notice.

Here is a short story to help you remember common uncountable nouns.


That day, while I was watching BBC news, the anchor mentioned the local weather conditions and construction. Coincidentally, I received an email from my father in the UK, which included many photos of beautiful scenery in England. The content of the letter mentioned that he has been spending a lot of money/cash recently on various things. In addition to purchasing large baggage/luggage, there was also damage to equipment and office furniture due to the low temperatures in winter. He gave me some career advice, suggesting that I should focus on gathering information and developing my skills in the online realm. He emphasized the importance of accumulating knowledge and conducting relevant research, and encouraged me to make progress every day.

Example: Airline passengers are expected to pick up and recheck all of their ______ before boarding their connecting flight.
(A) suitcase
(B) luggage

(C) baggages
(D) accommodation

The correct answer is (B) luggage.


Luggage" is a term that refers to all the bags and suitcases that a person carries when traveling. It is a general term and is not specific to any particular type of bag. Therefore, it fits perfectly in the context of the sentence. Furthermore, "luggage" is an uncountable noun, so it is grammatically correct in this context.


Example: ______ of the new office parking garage will begin at the start of spring, which will alleviate the current parking problem.
(A) constructions
(B) constructs

(C) construction
(D) constructors

The correct answer is (C) construction. In this context, construction refers to the action or process of building something, which is the parking garage.

(A) Constructions is incorrect because it refers to multiple building projects, not a single one as implied by the text. It's also not commonly used this way in English.

(B) Constructs is incorrect because it is a verb form of the word, not the noun needed in this sentence. If used as a noun, a 'construct' refers to an idea or theory, not a physical building.
(D) Constructors is incorrect because it refers to people who construct or individuals involved in the construction process. In the sentence, the focus is on the action (the building process) rather than the people doing it.

Example: Giving two weeks' ______ is the standard practice when resigning from a job.
(A) notes
(B) notices

(C) notice
(D) notification

The correct answer is (C) notice.


"Notice" in this context refers to an advance warning or notification, typically formal, about leaving a job. The phrase "two weeks' notice" is a standard term used in employment settings to indicate the period of notification an employee gives to their employer before resigning. Let’s look at two example sentences:


Common Countable Nouns

In this chapter, let's take a look at common countable nouns.

People: critic, representative, official
Rules: regulation, standard, direction, procedure, measure

Increase: increase, hike, rise
Decrease: decrease, drop, decline, reduction
Money: price, wage, donation, grant, scholarship

Regulation: standard, direction, procedure, measure

The company has new procedures for dealing with complaints.
New measures have been introduced to try and ease traffic congestion in the city.

The company implemented a regulation on limiting operation costs.

▶️ price and wage are countable nouns

House prices are falling.
She earns a good wage now. Her previous job pays very low wages.

There are a couple of shops in town which sell clothes at affordable prices.

▶️ donation, grant, scholarship (countable nouns)

I'd like to make a small donation in my mother's name.
The university awarded me a grant to study abroad for a year.

We got a government grant for our start-up.
He got/won a scholarship to Harvard.

▶️ increase, hike, rise

There will be an increase in tax for those earning in excess of twice the national average wage.
The rise in the value of the dollar has depressed the company's profits this year.

▶️ drecrease, drop, decline, reduction

The airline halved its overseas service because of a sharp reduction in traffic.
They forecast a large drop in unemployment over the next two years.

Example: A large number of _______ in this nation have formed an association to lobby the federal government for favorable legislation.
(A) manufacturers

(B) manufacture
(C) manufacturer
(D) manufacturing

Example: The warranty will expire after one year, but a _______ to a discounted repair service can be obtained at the time of purchase.
(A) subscriber
(B) subscribes

(C) subscribe
(D) subscription

Example: Due to a _______ in commodity prices, several local manufacturers are concerned about the future.
(A) hike
(B) hiking

(C) hikes
(D) hiker

Common Countable Nouns



In this chapter, let's take a look at common countable nouns.


People: critic, representative, official
Rules: regulation, standard, direction, procedure, measure
Increase: increase, hike, rise
Decrease: decrease, drop, decline, reduction
Money: price, wage, donation, grant, scholarship
Regulation: standard, direction, procedure, measure


The company has new procedures for dealing with complaints. 
New measures have been introduced to try and ease traffic congestion in the city.
The company implemented a regulation on limiting operation costs.


▶️ price and wage are countable nouns


House prices are falling.  
She earns a good wage now.  Her previous job pays very low wages.
There are a couple of shops in town which sell clothes at affordable prices.


▶️ donation, grant, scholarship (countable nouns)


I'd like to make a small donation in my mother's name. 
The university awarded me a grant to study abroad for a year. 
We got a government grant for our start-up. 
He got/won a scholarship to Harvard. 


▶️  increase, hike, rise 


There will be an increase in tax for those earning in excess of twice the national average wage.
The rise in the value of the dollar has depressed the company's profits this year.


▶️ drecrease, drop, decline, reduction 


The airline halved its overseas service because of a sharp reduction in traffic.
They forecast a large drop in unemployment over the next two years.


Example:  A large number of _______ in this nation have formed an association to lobby the federal government for favorable legislation.
(A) manufacturers  
(B) manufacture     
(C) manufacturer 
(D) manufacturing

The correct answer should be (A) manufacturers.

The sentence structure suggests that we need a plural noun after "a large number of", and "manufacturers" is a noun referring to a group of people who are producing goods for sale, which fits the context of the sentence.

(B) Manufacture is a verb or noun and doesn't make sense in the context of the sentence. It refers to the act or process of making goods on a large scale using machinery, not the people who do this.

(C) Manufacturer is a singular noun. It can't be used after "a large number of" which requires a plural noun.

(D) Manufacturing is a verb or noun and does not make sense in the context of the sentence. It refers to the act, business, or profession of producing goods for sale, not the people who do this. 



Example:  The warranty will expire after one year, but a _______ to a discounted repair service can be obtained at the time of purchase. 
(A) subscriber  
(B) subscribes  
(C) subscribe 
(D) subscription

The correct answer is (D) subscription.

This is because, in the context of the sentence, we're talking about an additional service or product that can be purchased, which fits the noun form 'subscription'. The grammar rule "determiner+ noun" also supports this choice. In this rule, 'a' is the determiner, and 'subscription' is the noun.

(A) 'subscriber' is incorrect because its noun form refers to a person who is subscribed to a service, not the service itself. This doesn't fit the grammar rule or the context of the sentence.

(B) 'subscribes' is incorrect because it's a verb form and the sentence requires a noun after the preposition 'to' and determiner 'a'. This choice doesn't fit the grammar rule or the context of the sentence.

(C) 'subscribe' is also incorrect because it's an infinitive verb form. In this sentence, we need a noun after the preposition 'to' and determiner 'a', not a verb. This choice doesn't fit the grammar rule or the context of the sentence. 



Example:  Due to a _______ in commodity prices, several local manufacturers are concerned about the future.
(A) hike  
(B) hiking  
(C) hikes 
(D) hiker

The correct answer is (A) hike.

The grammar rule that is applied here is "determiner + noun". The determiner is 'a', and the noun is 'hike'. The word 'hike' in this context is used as a noun which means a sudden increase or rise. It is a singular noun which matches the singular determiner 'a'.

Now, let's look at why the other options are incorrect:

(B) hiking: The word 'hiking' is the present participle form of the verb 'hike,' used to denote an ongoing action. In the given sentence, the rise in commodity prices has already happened, so it's not correct to use 'hiking'.

(C) hikes: This is the plural form of the noun 'hike'. Using 'hikes' after 'a' would be grammatically incorrect because 'a' is a singular determiner and should be followed by a singular noun.

(D) hiker: A 'hiker' is a person who walks for long distances, especially across the country. This is not related to the context of the sentence which is about commodity prices, not outdoor activities or sports. Therefore, 'hiker' is not a suitable choice. 

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下方有更多TOEIC閱讀Part 5、Part 6、Part 7題目，想練習的同學請瀏覽並點擊下方的考題。
TOEIC Reading Part 5 - Incomplete Sentences Total Questions: 76
Mock Test 1-20
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Mock Test 61-80
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TOEIC Reading Part 6 - Error Recognition or Text Completion Total Questions: 85
Mock Test 1-20
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Mock Test 21-40
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Mock Test 61-80
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Mock Test 81-100
Mock Test 81 Mock Test 82 Mock Test 83 Mock Test 84 Mock Test 85
TOEIC Reading Part 7 - Reading Comprehension Total Questions: 240
Mock Test 1-20
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Mock Test 21-40
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Mock Test 41-60
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Mock Test 61-80
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Mock Test 81-100
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Mock Test 101-120
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Mock Test 121-140
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Mock Test 141-160
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Mock Test 161-180
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Mock Test 181-200
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Mock Test 201-220
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Mock Test 221-240
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