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Select in Passage Question
에 오신 것을 환영합니다 Select in Passage Question
In this lesson, you will learn how to answer Select in Passage questions in the TOEFL Reading section. This question type asks you to identify the specific sentence in the passage that performs a particular function — for example, expressing the author’s opinion, describing a process, or supporting a claim.
To answer correctly, first read the question carefully to understand what kind of information you need to find. Then, review the relevant part of the passage and choose the sentence that most clearly and accurately fulfills that function.
To answer correctly, first read the question carefully to understand what kind of information you need to find. Then, review the relevant part of the passage and choose the sentence that most clearly and accurately fulfills that function.
Lesson Introduction
장절 1
Select-in-passage questions ask you to choose the one sentence that best supports a claim.
Select the sentence in the passage that best supports a claim or answers the question. Match meaning, not just keywords. Read carefully and choose the sentence that most directly proves the claim.
Strategy:
- Restate the claim in simple words. Say the claim in your own words. Know exactly what you are looking for.
- Find core ideas, not just repeated words. Look for a sentence that states the idea or clearly shows it (a cause, result, definition, example). Do not pick a sentence only because it shares one keyword.
- Check for a direct link. The correct sentence will directly support the claim (cause → effect, example → point, definition → term). If you must “read between the lines” too much, it’s probably not the best match.
- Eliminate close-but-wrong sentences. Remove sentences that are background, less specific, or about a different part of the topic. Keep the one that is the strongest proof.
- Confirm with a quick paraphrase. Paraphrase the sentence and the claim. If they say the same thing in different words, you have your answer.
Academic example:
Several cities already demonstrate the model’s potential. In Singapore, a fifteen-story facility supplies supermarkets with fresh lettuce within hours of harvest, reducing transport emissions and spoilage. Similarly, abandoned warehouses in the U.S. Midwest have been converted into profitable vegetable hubs, creating jobs in neighborhoods once dominated by heavy industry. Advocates argue that, as solar panels become cheaper, vertical farming could complement—rather than replace—field agriculture, ensuring year-round food security in an era of climate uncertainty. Scientists predict output per square meter will continue climbing as artificial intelligence fine-tunes nutrient delivery.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 3 that provides evidence of economic benefits brought by vertical farming.
- Sentence 1
- Sentence 2
- Sentence 3
- Sentence 4
Detailed Explanation (how to choose):
- Restate the task: Find the sentence that shows economic benefits of vertical farming (money or jobs).
- Look for economic keywords: words like profitable, jobs, cost, revenue, savings.
- Check each sentence quickly:
- Sentence 1: General claim about “potential” — no clear economic evidence.
- Sentence 2 (correct): Says “profitable vegetable hubs” and “creating jobs.” These are direct economic benefits (profit + employment).
- Sentence 3: Presents an argument about future food security — not economic evidence, and it’s not an example.
- Sentence 4: Predicts higher output with AI — productivity, not stated as an economic benefit.
- Paraphrase match: “Old warehouses became money-making farms that provide jobs” → this directly shows economic benefits.
- Answer: Sentence 2 best supports the claim because it provides explicit economic outcomes.
Tips to Remember:
- Paraphrase the claim first; know exactly what you need to prove.
- Choose the sentence with the strongest direct support (clear example or result).
- Do not pick a sentence only because it repeats a keyword.
- When two sentences seem close, prefer the one that states the link clearly, not indirectly.
This is the final section of the lesson. I'm ready to start the review exercises!
Review Exercise (1/10)
Complete the multiple choice with paragraph below
Now let's practice.
[1] Jet streams are narrow bands of fast-moving wind high in the atmosphere that airlines often use to save fuel. They also influence weather by steering storm systems and shifting warm and cold air masses.
[2] Jet streams form along boundaries between warm and cold air, so they are strongest where the temperature contrast is sharp. As the jet stream meanders, it guides storm tracks and shapes regional temperatures below. When the polar jet arches northward, warm subtropical air can move into mid-latitudes; when it dips southward, Arctic air follows. Thus, the jet stream’s position can determine whether Chicago experiences a heat wave or a blizzard.
[2] Jet streams form along boundaries between warm and cold air, so they are strongest where the temperature contrast is sharp. As the jet stream meanders, it guides storm tracks and shapes regional temperatures below. When the polar jet arches northward, warm subtropical air can move into mid-latitudes; when it dips southward, Arctic air follows. Thus, the jet stream’s position can determine whether Chicago experiences a heat wave or a blizzard.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that explains how the jet stream influences weather conditions in Chicago.
답안 제출
done 정답입니다! 정답은 "((D))"입니다.
clear 아쉽네요. 정답은 ((D))입니다.
(D) The correct answer is Thus, the jet stream’s position can determine whether Chicago experiences a heat wave or a blizzard.. In paragraph 2, the author explicitly connects the jet stream’s position to Chicago’s outcomes: “whether Chicago experiences a heat wave or a blizzard.”
(A) 'Jet streams form along boundaries between warm and cold air, so they are strongest where the temperature contrast is sharp.' is incorrect because it defines where jet streams are strongest, not a specific weather result in Chicago.
(B) 'As the jet stream meanders, it guides storm tracks and shapes regional temperatures below.' is incorrect because it describes general steering of weather systems, but it does not mention Chicago or a concrete outcome.
(C) 'When the polar jet arches northward, warm subtropical air can move into mid-latitudes; when it dips southward, Arctic air follows.' is incorrect because it explains north/south shifts and the kinds of air that follow, but it still does not state the Chicago-specific consequence asked for.
(A) 'Jet streams form along boundaries between warm and cold air, so they are strongest where the temperature contrast is sharp.' is incorrect because it defines where jet streams are strongest, not a specific weather result in Chicago.
(B) 'As the jet stream meanders, it guides storm tracks and shapes regional temperatures below.' is incorrect because it describes general steering of weather systems, but it does not mention Chicago or a concrete outcome.
(C) 'When the polar jet arches northward, warm subtropical air can move into mid-latitudes; when it dips southward, Arctic air follows.' is incorrect because it explains north/south shifts and the kinds of air that follow, but it still does not state the Chicago-specific consequence asked for.
재시험
Complete the multiple choice with paragraph below
Now let's practice.
[1] The gig economy uses digital platforms to match consumers with independent workers for short, on-demand tasks. While it offers flexibility, it can also create uncertainty about pay and worker protections.
[2] Platform companies profit by taking commissions from both customers and service providers in a two-sided market. Because work is organized through apps, firms collect detailed data that help algorithms match supply and demand quickly. These efficiencies come with hidden costs such as high turnover and public backlash when pay disputes go viral. In response to these tensions, governments have proposed laws that would reclassify some contractors as employees.
[2] Platform companies profit by taking commissions from both customers and service providers in a two-sided market. Because work is organized through apps, firms collect detailed data that help algorithms match supply and demand quickly. These efficiencies come with hidden costs such as high turnover and public backlash when pay disputes go viral. In response to these tensions, governments have proposed laws that would reclassify some contractors as employees.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that shows governments reacting to problems created by the gig-economy model.
답안 제출
done 정답입니다! 정답은 "((D))"입니다.
clear 아쉽네요. 정답은 ((D))입니다.
(D) The correct answer is In response to these tensions, governments have proposed laws that would reclassify some contractors as employees.. In paragraph 2, it begins with “In response” and directly describes government intervention through proposed laws.
(A) 'Platform companies profit by taking commissions from both customers and service providers in a two-sided market.' is incorrect because it describes how platforms earn money, not a governmental reaction.
(B) 'Because work is organized through apps, firms collect detailed data that help algorithms match supply and demand quickly.' is incorrect because it explains data collection and algorithmic matching, not regulation.
(C) 'These efficiencies come with hidden costs such as high turnover and public backlash when pay disputes go viral.' is incorrect because it lists business and reputational costs, but it does not describe what governments do about them.
(A) 'Platform companies profit by taking commissions from both customers and service providers in a two-sided market.' is incorrect because it describes how platforms earn money, not a governmental reaction.
(B) 'Because work is organized through apps, firms collect detailed data that help algorithms match supply and demand quickly.' is incorrect because it explains data collection and algorithmic matching, not regulation.
(C) 'These efficiencies come with hidden costs such as high turnover and public backlash when pay disputes go viral.' is incorrect because it lists business and reputational costs, but it does not describe what governments do about them.
재시험
Complete the multiple choice with paragraph below
Now let's practice.
[1] Airborne LiDAR lets archaeologists map forested landscapes by sending laser pulses through the canopy and building high-resolution terrain models. It has revealed hidden settlements and changed how researchers plan fieldwork.
[2] LiDAR accelerates mapping and allows scholars to analyze settlement patterns across entire regions. At sites like Caracol, the scans revealed thousands of structures that ground teams had not documented. These discoveries challenge older assumptions about how large ancient populations were in tropical environments. Even so, excavation and on-the-ground checking are still required to confirm what the scans suggest.
[2] LiDAR accelerates mapping and allows scholars to analyze settlement patterns across entire regions. At sites like Caracol, the scans revealed thousands of structures that ground teams had not documented. These discoveries challenge older assumptions about how large ancient populations were in tropical environments. Even so, excavation and on-the-ground checking are still required to confirm what the scans suggest.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that states a limitation of LiDAR and explains why additional fieldwork is still needed.
답안 제출
done 정답입니다! 정답은 "((D))"입니다.
clear 아쉽네요. 정답은 ((D))입니다.
(D) The correct answer is Even so, excavation and on-the-ground checking are still required to confirm what the scans suggest.. In paragraph 2, it signals a limitation with “Even so” and states that “excavation and on-the-ground checking are still required.”
(A) 'LiDAR accelerates mapping and allows scholars to analyze settlement patterns across entire regions.' is incorrect because it describes benefits of LiDAR, not a limitation.
(B) 'At sites like Caracol, the scans revealed thousands of structures that ground teams had not documented.' is incorrect because it gives an example of what LiDAR revealed, not why more work is needed.
(C) 'These discoveries challenge older assumptions about how large ancient populations were in tropical environments.' is incorrect because it explains the implication for population assumptions, not the need for verification.
(A) 'LiDAR accelerates mapping and allows scholars to analyze settlement patterns across entire regions.' is incorrect because it describes benefits of LiDAR, not a limitation.
(B) 'At sites like Caracol, the scans revealed thousands of structures that ground teams had not documented.' is incorrect because it gives an example of what LiDAR revealed, not why more work is needed.
(C) 'These discoveries challenge older assumptions about how large ancient populations were in tropical environments.' is incorrect because it explains the implication for population assumptions, not the need for verification.
재시험
Complete the multiple choice with paragraph below
Now let's practice.
[1] Geologists debate whether volcanic hotspots are caused by deep mantle plumes or by melting linked to plate stretching. New tools have produced evidence that challenges the traditional deep-plume view for some hotspots.
[2] Seismic imaging sometimes shows that supposed plume roots are much shallower than expected. Chemical signatures of hotspot lavas can resemble mid-ocean ridge basalts rather than deep-mantle melts. These observations suggest that plate-driven thinning may allow ordinary upper mantle to melt more easily. Satellite measurements of surface deformation may help resolve which mechanism dominates in different regions.
[2] Seismic imaging sometimes shows that supposed plume roots are much shallower than expected. Chemical signatures of hotspot lavas can resemble mid-ocean ridge basalts rather than deep-mantle melts. These observations suggest that plate-driven thinning may allow ordinary upper mantle to melt more easily. Satellite measurements of surface deformation may help resolve which mechanism dominates in different regions.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that presents a conclusion drawn from multiple pieces of evidence challenging the deep-plume hypothesis.
답안 제출
done 정답입니다! 정답은 "((C))"입니다.
clear 아쉽네요. 정답은 ((C))입니다.
(C) The correct answer is These observations suggest that plate-driven thinning may allow ordinary upper mantle to melt more easily.. In paragraph 2, it begins with “These observations suggest,” summarizing earlier evidence into a single inference about plate-driven melting.
(A) 'Seismic imaging sometimes shows that supposed plume roots are much shallower than expected.' is incorrect because it is one specific piece of evidence, not the concluding inference.
(B) 'Chemical signatures of hotspot lavas can resemble mid-ocean ridge basalts rather than deep-mantle melts.' is incorrect because it is another specific piece of evidence, not the overall conclusion.
(D) 'Satellite measurements of surface deformation may help resolve which mechanism dominates in different regions.' is incorrect because it describes a future method for resolving the debate, not a conclusion from current evidence.
(A) 'Seismic imaging sometimes shows that supposed plume roots are much shallower than expected.' is incorrect because it is one specific piece of evidence, not the concluding inference.
(B) 'Chemical signatures of hotspot lavas can resemble mid-ocean ridge basalts rather than deep-mantle melts.' is incorrect because it is another specific piece of evidence, not the overall conclusion.
(D) 'Satellite measurements of surface deformation may help resolve which mechanism dominates in different regions.' is incorrect because it describes a future method for resolving the debate, not a conclusion from current evidence.
재시험
Complete the multiple choice with paragraph below
Now let's practice.
[1] Subduction zones recycle oceanic plates into the mantle and create volcanic arcs. As slabs descend, changing pressure and chemistry can generate magma and influence Earth’s long-term cycles.
[2] As the slab sinks, it heats and releases water from hydrated minerals. That released water lowers the melting point of the mantle wedge above the slab. The resulting magma rises and feeds volcano chains such as the Andes. Because these processes repeat over millions of years, subduction helps shape Earth’s geochemical cycles.
[2] As the slab sinks, it heats and releases water from hydrated minerals. That released water lowers the melting point of the mantle wedge above the slab. The resulting magma rises and feeds volcano chains such as the Andes. Because these processes repeat over millions of years, subduction helps shape Earth’s geochemical cycles.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that explains the mechanism by which subduction triggers melting in the mantle wedge.
답안 제출
done 정답입니다! 정답은 "((B))"입니다.
clear 아쉽네요. 정답은 ((B))입니다.
(B) The correct answer is That released water lowers the melting point of the mantle wedge above the slab.. In paragraph 2, it directly states the mechanism: water release “lowers the melting point” of the mantle wedge, enabling melting.
(A) 'As the slab sinks, it heats and releases water from hydrated minerals.' is incorrect because it describes the slab releasing water, but not how that leads to melting.
(C) 'The resulting magma rises and feeds volcano chains such as the Andes.' is incorrect because it describes the consequence (magma feeding volcanoes), not the melting mechanism itself.
(D) 'Because these processes repeat over millions of years, subduction helps shape Earth’s geochemical cycles.' is incorrect because it describes a long-term effect on geochemical cycles, not the immediate mechanism of melting.
(A) 'As the slab sinks, it heats and releases water from hydrated minerals.' is incorrect because it describes the slab releasing water, but not how that leads to melting.
(C) 'The resulting magma rises and feeds volcano chains such as the Andes.' is incorrect because it describes the consequence (magma feeding volcanoes), not the melting mechanism itself.
(D) 'Because these processes repeat over millions of years, subduction helps shape Earth’s geochemical cycles.' is incorrect because it describes a long-term effect on geochemical cycles, not the immediate mechanism of melting.
재시험
Complete the multiple choice with paragraph below
Now let's practice.
[1] Geothermal energy is captured when water circulates through hot underground rock and returns as warm water or steam. Different temperature ranges determine whether the resource is used for heating or electricity.
[2] Most geothermal reservoirs are between 80°C and 180°C, which is hot enough for space heating. Reservoirs hotter than 180°C can produce steam that drives turbines to generate electricity. Because these high temperatures often occur near recent volcanism, power plants cluster in active regions. In contrast, lower-temperature systems are more widely used to heat buildings directly.
[2] Most geothermal reservoirs are between 80°C and 180°C, which is hot enough for space heating. Reservoirs hotter than 180°C can produce steam that drives turbines to generate electricity. Because these high temperatures often occur near recent volcanism, power plants cluster in active regions. In contrast, lower-temperature systems are more widely used to heat buildings directly.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that states the key temperature requirement for generating electricity.
답안 제출
done 정답입니다! 정답은 "((B))"입니다.
clear 아쉽네요. 정답은 ((B))입니다.
재시험
Complete the multiple choice with paragraph below
Now let's practice.
[1] Archaeologists infer prehistoric handedness by analyzing hand stencils in caves. A left-hand stencil usually indicates the artist used the right hand to spray or apply pigment.
[2] If an artist stenciled a left hand, the right hand likely controlled the pigment application. Even when paint was sprayed by mouth, the dominant hand probably assisted in the operation. Researchers must assume hands were stenciled palm-down, because palm-up stencils could be misleading. Because most stencils at Gargas are left hands, right-handedness appears to have been common.
[2] If an artist stenciled a left hand, the right hand likely controlled the pigment application. Even when paint was sprayed by mouth, the dominant hand probably assisted in the operation. Researchers must assume hands were stenciled palm-down, because palm-up stencils could be misleading. Because most stencils at Gargas are left hands, right-handedness appears to have been common.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that supports the idea that the stenciled hand was probably not the dominant hand.
답안 제출
done 정답입니다! 정답은 "((B))"입니다.
clear 아쉽네요. 정답은 ((B))입니다.
(B) The correct answer is Even when paint was sprayed by mouth, the dominant hand probably assisted in the operation.. In paragraph 2, it says the dominant hand “assisted in the operation,” implying the other hand was the one being stenciled.
(A) 'If an artist stenciled a left hand, the right hand likely controlled the pigment application.' is incorrect because it describes the inference from a left-hand stencil, but it does not explicitly generalize the “stenciled hand vs dominant hand” idea as the question asks.
(C) 'Researchers must assume hands were stenciled palm-down, because palm-up stencils could be misleading.' is incorrect because it is about a methodological assumption (palm orientation), not dominant vs non-dominant hand.
(D) 'Because most stencils at Gargas are left hands, right-handedness appears to have been common.' is incorrect because it states the overall conclusion about right-handedness, not the reason why the stenciled hand was likely non-dominant.
(A) 'If an artist stenciled a left hand, the right hand likely controlled the pigment application.' is incorrect because it describes the inference from a left-hand stencil, but it does not explicitly generalize the “stenciled hand vs dominant hand” idea as the question asks.
(C) 'Researchers must assume hands were stenciled palm-down, because palm-up stencils could be misleading.' is incorrect because it is about a methodological assumption (palm orientation), not dominant vs non-dominant hand.
(D) 'Because most stencils at Gargas are left hands, right-handedness appears to have been common.' is incorrect because it states the overall conclusion about right-handedness, not the reason why the stenciled hand was likely non-dominant.
재시험
Complete the multiple choice with paragraph below
Now let's practice.
[1] Some plants produce extrafloral nectar on leaves and stems, attracting ants even when no flowers are present. Many ecologists think this nectar helps recruit defenders against herbivores.
[2] Worker ants require large amounts of energy, so nectar provides a valuable fuel source. In return, ants patrol the plant and drive away intruding insects that might compete for nectar. Many of the intruders are herbivores that would otherwise eat the plant’s leaves. This mutual exchange can reduce damage to the plant without any formal immune response.
[2] Worker ants require large amounts of energy, so nectar provides a valuable fuel source. In return, ants patrol the plant and drive away intruding insects that might compete for nectar. Many of the intruders are herbivores that would otherwise eat the plant’s leaves. This mutual exchange can reduce damage to the plant without any formal immune response.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that shows why the ants’ presence benefits the plant.
답안 제출
done 정답입니다! 정답은 "((B))"입니다.
clear 아쉽네요. 정답은 ((B))입니다.
재시험
Complete the multiple choice with paragraph below
Now let's practice.
[1] Nineteenth-century photography advanced quickly as new equipment and emulsions reduced exposure times. Photographers captured moments and angles that earlier artists could not easily observe.
[2] Motion studies by Muybridge and Marey revealed that animals and humans move differently than older artworks suggested. Radical cropping created unexpected compositions by cutting scenes in ways that seemed accidental. Some painters rejected photographic realism and turned toward impressionism or abstraction. Others, such as Degas, copied the camera’s accidental framing effects in their paintings.
[2] Motion studies by Muybridge and Marey revealed that animals and humans move differently than older artworks suggested. Radical cropping created unexpected compositions by cutting scenes in ways that seemed accidental. Some painters rejected photographic realism and turned toward impressionism or abstraction. Others, such as Degas, copied the camera’s accidental framing effects in their paintings.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that best supports the idea that photography influenced painters’ composition choices.
답안 제출
done 정답입니다! 정답은 "((D))"입니다.
clear 아쉽네요. 정답은 ((D))입니다.
(D) The correct answer is Others, such as Degas, copied the camera’s accidental framing effects in their paintings.. In paragraph 2, it states that painters like Degas “copied the camera’s accidental framing effects,” which directly concerns composition.
(A) 'Motion studies by Muybridge and Marey revealed that animals and humans move differently than older artworks suggested.' is incorrect because it is about new understanding of movement, not composition.
(B) 'Radical cropping created unexpected compositions by cutting scenes in ways that seemed accidental.' is incorrect because it defines a photographic technique, but it does not explicitly say painters adopted it.
(C) 'Some painters rejected photographic realism and turned toward impressionism or abstraction.' is incorrect because it describes a rejection of photography, not an influence on composition.
(A) 'Motion studies by Muybridge and Marey revealed that animals and humans move differently than older artworks suggested.' is incorrect because it is about new understanding of movement, not composition.
(B) 'Radical cropping created unexpected compositions by cutting scenes in ways that seemed accidental.' is incorrect because it defines a photographic technique, but it does not explicitly say painters adopted it.
(C) 'Some painters rejected photographic realism and turned toward impressionism or abstraction.' is incorrect because it describes a rejection of photography, not an influence on composition.
재시험
Complete the multiple choice with paragraph below
Now let's practice.
[1] Archaeologists have found Neolithic villages submerged a few meters below the eastern Mediterranean sea. These sites can preserve fragile evidence that is often lost on land.
[2] Stone foundations, hearths, and tools survived because seawater sealed them from later disturbance. High-resolution sonar and mapping allow researchers to document the submerged structures in detail. By charting alleys and postholes, teams can reconstruct village layouts with unusual clarity. Such reconstructions help explain how early farming communities organized daily space and work.
[2] Stone foundations, hearths, and tools survived because seawater sealed them from later disturbance. High-resolution sonar and mapping allow researchers to document the submerged structures in detail. By charting alleys and postholes, teams can reconstruct village layouts with unusual clarity. Such reconstructions help explain how early farming communities organized daily space and work.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that explains why the underwater remains were preserved so well.
답안 제출
done 정답입니다! 정답은 "((A))"입니다.
clear 아쉽네요. 정답은 ((A))입니다.
(A) The correct answer is Stone foundations, hearths, and tools survived because seawater sealed them from later disturbance.. In paragraph 2, it directly gives the cause of preservation: seawater “sealed them from later disturbance.”
(B) 'High-resolution sonar and mapping allow researchers to document the submerged structures in detail.' is incorrect because it describes a modern method used to study the sites, not why remains survived.
(C) 'By charting alleys and postholes, teams can reconstruct village layouts with unusual clarity.' is incorrect because it describes what researchers can do with the evidence, not the preservation reason.
(D) 'Such reconstructions help explain how early farming communities organized daily space and work.' is incorrect because it states a purpose of reconstruction, not the preservation mechanism.
(B) 'High-resolution sonar and mapping allow researchers to document the submerged structures in detail.' is incorrect because it describes a modern method used to study the sites, not why remains survived.
(C) 'By charting alleys and postholes, teams can reconstruct village layouts with unusual clarity.' is incorrect because it describes what researchers can do with the evidence, not the preservation reason.
(D) 'Such reconstructions help explain how early farming communities organized daily space and work.' is incorrect because it states a purpose of reconstruction, not the preservation mechanism.
재시험
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