To answer correctly, first read the question carefully to understand what kind of information you need to find. Then, review the relevant part of the passage and choose the sentence that most clearly and accurately fulfills that function.
Lesson Introduction
Часть 1
Select the sentence in the passage that best supports a claim or answers the question. Match meaning, not just keywords. Read carefully and choose the sentence that most directly proves the claim.
Strategy:
- Restate the claim in simple words. Say the claim in your own words. Know exactly what you are looking for.
- Find core ideas, not just repeated words. Look for a sentence that states the idea or clearly shows it (a cause, result, definition, example). Do not pick a sentence only because it shares one keyword.
- Check for a direct link. The correct sentence will directly support the claim (cause → effect, example → point, definition → term). If you must “read between the lines” too much, it’s probably not the best match.
- Eliminate close-but-wrong sentences. Remove sentences that are background, less specific, or about a different part of the topic. Keep the one that is the strongest proof.
- Confirm with a quick paraphrase. Paraphrase the sentence and the claim. If they say the same thing in different words, you have your answer.
Academic example:
Several cities already demonstrate the model’s potential. In Singapore, a fifteen-story facility supplies supermarkets with fresh lettuce within hours of harvest, reducing transport emissions and spoilage. Similarly, abandoned warehouses in the U.S. Midwest have been converted into profitable vegetable hubs, creating jobs in neighborhoods once dominated by heavy industry. Advocates argue that, as solar panels become cheaper, vertical farming could complement—rather than replace—field agriculture, ensuring year-round food security in an era of climate uncertainty. Scientists predict output per square meter will continue climbing as artificial intelligence fine-tunes nutrient delivery.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 3 that provides evidence of economic benefits brought by vertical farming.
- Sentence 1
- Sentence 2
- Sentence 3
- Sentence 4
Detailed Explanation (how to choose):
- Restate the task: Find the sentence that shows economic benefits of vertical farming (money or jobs).
- Look for economic keywords: words like profitable, jobs, cost, revenue, savings.
- Check each sentence quickly:
- Sentence 1: General claim about “potential” — no clear economic evidence.
- Sentence 2 (correct): Says “profitable vegetable hubs” and “creating jobs.” These are direct economic benefits (profit + employment).
- Sentence 3: Presents an argument about future food security — not economic evidence, and it’s not an example.
- Sentence 4: Predicts higher output with AI — productivity, not stated as an economic benefit.
- Paraphrase match: “Old warehouses became money-making farms that provide jobs” → this directly shows economic benefits.
- Answer: Sentence 2 best supports the claim because it provides explicit economic outcomes.
Tips to Remember:
- Paraphrase the claim first; know exactly what you need to prove.
- Choose the sentence with the strongest direct support (clear example or result).
- Do not pick a sentence only because it repeats a keyword.
- When two sentences seem close, prefer the one that states the link clearly, not indirectly.
This is the final section of the lesson. I'm ready to start the review exercises!
Review Exercise (1/10)
[2] Jet streams form along boundaries between warm and cold air, so they are strongest where the temperature contrast is sharp. As the jet stream meanders, it guides storm tracks and shapes regional temperatures below. When the polar jet arches northward, warm subtropical air can move into mid-latitudes; when it dips southward, Arctic air follows. Thus, the jet stream’s position can determine whether Chicago experiences a heat wave or a blizzard.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that explains how the jet stream influences weather conditions in Chicago.
Отправить ответ
done Верно! Правильный ответ: "((D))".
clear Почти. ((D)) - правильный ответ.
(A) 'Jet streams form along boundaries between warm and cold air, so they are strongest where the temperature contrast is sharp.' is incorrect because it defines where jet streams are strongest, not a specific weather result in Chicago.
(B) 'As the jet stream meanders, it guides storm tracks and shapes regional temperatures below.' is incorrect because it describes general steering of weather systems, but it does not mention Chicago or a concrete outcome.
(C) 'When the polar jet arches northward, warm subtropical air can move into mid-latitudes; when it dips southward, Arctic air follows.' is incorrect because it explains north/south shifts and the kinds of air that follow, but it still does not state the Chicago-specific consequence asked for.
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[2] Platform companies profit by taking commissions from both customers and service providers in a two-sided market. Because work is organized through apps, firms collect detailed data that help algorithms match supply and demand quickly. These efficiencies come with hidden costs such as high turnover and public backlash when pay disputes go viral. In response to these tensions, governments have proposed laws that would reclassify some contractors as employees.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that shows governments reacting to problems created by the gig-economy model.
Отправить ответ
done Верно! Правильный ответ: "((D))".
clear Почти. ((D)) - правильный ответ.
(A) 'Platform companies profit by taking commissions from both customers and service providers in a two-sided market.' is incorrect because it describes how platforms earn money, not a governmental reaction.
(B) 'Because work is organized through apps, firms collect detailed data that help algorithms match supply and demand quickly.' is incorrect because it explains data collection and algorithmic matching, not regulation.
(C) 'These efficiencies come with hidden costs such as high turnover and public backlash when pay disputes go viral.' is incorrect because it lists business and reputational costs, but it does not describe what governments do about them.
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[2] LiDAR accelerates mapping and allows scholars to analyze settlement patterns across entire regions. At sites like Caracol, the scans revealed thousands of structures that ground teams had not documented. These discoveries challenge older assumptions about how large ancient populations were in tropical environments. Even so, excavation and on-the-ground checking are still required to confirm what the scans suggest.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that states a limitation of LiDAR and explains why additional fieldwork is still needed.
Отправить ответ
done Верно! Правильный ответ: "((D))".
clear Почти. ((D)) - правильный ответ.
(A) 'LiDAR accelerates mapping and allows scholars to analyze settlement patterns across entire regions.' is incorrect because it describes benefits of LiDAR, not a limitation.
(B) 'At sites like Caracol, the scans revealed thousands of structures that ground teams had not documented.' is incorrect because it gives an example of what LiDAR revealed, not why more work is needed.
(C) 'These discoveries challenge older assumptions about how large ancient populations were in tropical environments.' is incorrect because it explains the implication for population assumptions, not the need for verification.
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[2] Seismic imaging sometimes shows that supposed plume roots are much shallower than expected. Chemical signatures of hotspot lavas can resemble mid-ocean ridge basalts rather than deep-mantle melts. These observations suggest that plate-driven thinning may allow ordinary upper mantle to melt more easily. Satellite measurements of surface deformation may help resolve which mechanism dominates in different regions.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that presents a conclusion drawn from multiple pieces of evidence challenging the deep-plume hypothesis.
Отправить ответ
done Верно! Правильный ответ: "((C))".
clear Почти. ((C)) - правильный ответ.
(A) 'Seismic imaging sometimes shows that supposed plume roots are much shallower than expected.' is incorrect because it is one specific piece of evidence, not the concluding inference.
(B) 'Chemical signatures of hotspot lavas can resemble mid-ocean ridge basalts rather than deep-mantle melts.' is incorrect because it is another specific piece of evidence, not the overall conclusion.
(D) 'Satellite measurements of surface deformation may help resolve which mechanism dominates in different regions.' is incorrect because it describes a future method for resolving the debate, not a conclusion from current evidence.
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[2] As the slab sinks, it heats and releases water from hydrated minerals. That released water lowers the melting point of the mantle wedge above the slab. The resulting magma rises and feeds volcano chains such as the Andes. Because these processes repeat over millions of years, subduction helps shape Earth’s geochemical cycles.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that explains the mechanism by which subduction triggers melting in the mantle wedge.
Отправить ответ
done Верно! Правильный ответ: "((B))".
clear Почти. ((B)) - правильный ответ.
(A) 'As the slab sinks, it heats and releases water from hydrated minerals.' is incorrect because it describes the slab releasing water, but not how that leads to melting.
(C) 'The resulting magma rises and feeds volcano chains such as the Andes.' is incorrect because it describes the consequence (magma feeding volcanoes), not the melting mechanism itself.
(D) 'Because these processes repeat over millions of years, subduction helps shape Earth’s geochemical cycles.' is incorrect because it describes a long-term effect on geochemical cycles, not the immediate mechanism of melting.
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[2] Most geothermal reservoirs are between 80°C and 180°C, which is hot enough for space heating. Reservoirs hotter than 180°C can produce steam that drives turbines to generate electricity. Because these high temperatures often occur near recent volcanism, power plants cluster in active regions. In contrast, lower-temperature systems are more widely used to heat buildings directly.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that states the key temperature requirement for generating electricity.
Отправить ответ
done Верно! Правильный ответ: "((B))".
clear Почти. ((B)) - правильный ответ.
Перезапустить тест
[2] If an artist stenciled a left hand, the right hand likely controlled the pigment application. Even when paint was sprayed by mouth, the dominant hand probably assisted in the operation. Researchers must assume hands were stenciled palm-down, because palm-up stencils could be misleading. Because most stencils at Gargas are left hands, right-handedness appears to have been common.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that supports the idea that the stenciled hand was probably not the dominant hand.
Отправить ответ
done Верно! Правильный ответ: "((B))".
clear Почти. ((B)) - правильный ответ.
(A) 'If an artist stenciled a left hand, the right hand likely controlled the pigment application.' is incorrect because it describes the inference from a left-hand stencil, but it does not explicitly generalize the “stenciled hand vs dominant hand” idea as the question asks.
(C) 'Researchers must assume hands were stenciled palm-down, because palm-up stencils could be misleading.' is incorrect because it is about a methodological assumption (palm orientation), not dominant vs non-dominant hand.
(D) 'Because most stencils at Gargas are left hands, right-handedness appears to have been common.' is incorrect because it states the overall conclusion about right-handedness, not the reason why the stenciled hand was likely non-dominant.
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[2] Worker ants require large amounts of energy, so nectar provides a valuable fuel source. In return, ants patrol the plant and drive away intruding insects that might compete for nectar. Many of the intruders are herbivores that would otherwise eat the plant’s leaves. This mutual exchange can reduce damage to the plant without any formal immune response.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that shows why the ants’ presence benefits the plant.
Отправить ответ
done Верно! Правильный ответ: "((B))".
clear Почти. ((B)) - правильный ответ.
Перезапустить тест
[2] Motion studies by Muybridge and Marey revealed that animals and humans move differently than older artworks suggested. Radical cropping created unexpected compositions by cutting scenes in ways that seemed accidental. Some painters rejected photographic realism and turned toward impressionism or abstraction. Others, such as Degas, copied the camera’s accidental framing effects in their paintings.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that best supports the idea that photography influenced painters’ composition choices.
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done Верно! Правильный ответ: "((D))".
clear Почти. ((D)) - правильный ответ.
(A) 'Motion studies by Muybridge and Marey revealed that animals and humans move differently than older artworks suggested.' is incorrect because it is about new understanding of movement, not composition.
(B) 'Radical cropping created unexpected compositions by cutting scenes in ways that seemed accidental.' is incorrect because it defines a photographic technique, but it does not explicitly say painters adopted it.
(C) 'Some painters rejected photographic realism and turned toward impressionism or abstraction.' is incorrect because it describes a rejection of photography, not an influence on composition.
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[2] Stone foundations, hearths, and tools survived because seawater sealed them from later disturbance. High-resolution sonar and mapping allow researchers to document the submerged structures in detail. By charting alleys and postholes, teams can reconstruct village layouts with unusual clarity. Such reconstructions help explain how early farming communities organized daily space and work.
Click on the sentence in paragraph 2 that explains why the underwater remains were preserved so well.
Отправить ответ
done Верно! Правильный ответ: "((A))".
clear Почти. ((A)) - правильный ответ.
(B) 'High-resolution sonar and mapping allow researchers to document the submerged structures in detail.' is incorrect because it describes a modern method used to study the sites, not why remains survived.
(C) 'By charting alleys and postholes, teams can reconstruct village layouts with unusual clarity.' is incorrect because it describes what researchers can do with the evidence, not the preservation reason.
(D) 'Such reconstructions help explain how early farming communities organized daily space and work.' is incorrect because it states a purpose of reconstruction, not the preservation mechanism.
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