nounclauses

The correct answer is (C) what.

The noun clause in this sentence is "what needs to be revised in tomorrow's board meeting." The noun clause is the object of the verb 'decide,' indicating the thing that the board of directors will decide. 'What' is used in noun clauses to mean 'the thing(s) that' or 'the thing(s) which.' In this sentence, 'what' introduces the noun clause and refers to the thing(s) that need to be revised.

(A) 'Those' is incorrect because it is a demonstrative pronoun and it refers to specific items already mentioned. Since no specific items have been mentioned before in this sentence, 'those' is not appropriate.

(B) 'That' is incorrect because 'that' is a relative pronoun used to introduce relative clauses, not noun clauses. Relative clauses give additional information about a noun, while noun clauses can function as the subject, the object, or the complement of a sentence.

(D) 'There' is incorrect because it is usually used as an adverb to indicate a place or position. Here, it does not make sense because we're not referring to a place or position, but to the thing(s) that need to be revised. 

The correct answer is (C) that.

In this sentence, "that the fatty fritters were back in supply and would be restored to menus at all branches in Taiwan effective immediately" is a noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'announced'. Noun clauses can begin with words like 'that', 'how', 'what', 'why', 'when', 'where', 'whether', 'if' and 'who'. However, the conjunction 'that' is commonly used to link a clause to the verb 'announce' in formal English.

(A) 'Whatever' does not fit in this context. 'Whatever' is often used to introduce a noun clause, but it usually implies any or all things, or regardless of what. This doesn't make sense in this context, as the fast-food chain isn't announcing any or all things, but a specific piece of information.

(B) 'When' is used to introduce a noun clause that tells about a time, but in this context, time is not what is important or being announced. The fast-food chain is announcing the fact that a specific item is back in supply.

(D) 'If' is used to introduce a conditional clause, not a noun clause. Using 'if' would imply a condition or uncertainty, which is not the case here. The fast-food chain isn't announcing a condition or possibility, but a fact. 

The correct answer is (B) be instructed.

In English, there are certain situations where the verb within a noun clause should remain in its base form. This typically happens in sentences that express suggestions, advice, or necessity. However, in this specific context, the verb needs to be in the passive form because the action (instruction) is being done to the employees, not by them. Hence, "be instructed" is the correct form.

(A) "Instruct" is incorrect because it implies that the employees are the ones doing the instructing, not receiving it.

(C) "Instruction" is incorrect as it does not fit grammatically in the sentence. It is a noun, not a verb, and thus does not agree with the subject "employees."

(D) "Instructed" is incorrect because it is the past tense of the verb and does not fit in the given context. The sentence is giving advice for an ongoing action (regular instruction), not an action that has already happened in the past. Therefore, the verb needs to be in the base form, but in its passive voice, which is "be instructed." 

The correct answer is (C) cease.

In English, there are certain situations where the verb within a noun clause should remain in its base form. This typically happens in sentences that express suggestions, advice, or necessity- in this case, the necessity for work on the bridge to stop. When a verb follows a command or a similar expression, it should be in the subjunctive mood, and the base form of the verb is used. Hence, 'cease' is the correct choice.

(A) 'will cease' is incorrect because the construction manager is giving a command, not predicting a future action. In English, the future tense 'will' is usually not used after command expressions.

(B) 'ceases' is incorrect because it is the simple present tense form of the verb. In English, the simple present tense is not used after command expressions, which require the base form of the verb.

(D) 'is ceased' is incorrect because it uses the passive voice incorrectly. The verb 'cease' is intransitive, meaning it does not take a direct object, and therefore cannot be used in the passive voice. 

The correct answer is (A) stay.

The correct answer is "stay" because the verb "insisted" is used in the sentence. After certain verbs including "insist," "suggest," "recommend," and "demand," the base form of the verb (in this case, "stay") is used to express a demand or a suggestion. This usage is part of the subjunctive mood in English. The subjunctive is used to talk about situations that are hypothetical or not yet realized and is typically used for what is imagined, hoped for, demanded, or expected.

(B) "stayed" is incorrect because it is past tense. The landlord is insisting something for the future, not the past.

(C) "will stay" is incorrect because after "insist," the base form of the verb is used without "will."

(D) "is staying" is incorrect because it is present continuous tense, which is used for actions happening now or for future arrangements. In this case, the landlord is making a demand or a suggestion for the future, not stating a current action or a future arrangement. The present continuous also does not follow "insist." 

The correct answer is (B) whomever.

In this sentence, 'whomever' is used correctly as it introduces a noun clause working as the direct object of the verb 'awarded.' A noun clause is a group of words that act as a noun in a sentence. It can be the subject of a sentence, an object, or a complement. 'Whomever' is the correct choice because it is used as the object in the noun clause "whomever the employer and the other employees identify with for the year."

(A) 'That' is incorrect in this context. 'That' is a relative pronoun used to introduce a clause, but it does not make sense in this sentence because 'that' refers back to a specific thing or person previously mentioned, which is not the case here.

(C) 'Who' is incorrect because it acts as the subject of a clause, not the object. In this sentence, the bonus is being awarded to the person, so the person is the object of the action, not the subject.

(D) 'Whether' is a conjunction used to introduce indirect questions or to express doubt or choice between alternatives. It does not fit in this context because the sentence is not introducing a choice or a doubt, but identifying the person who will receive the bonus. 

The correct answer is (D) Whichever.

(D) "Whichever" is the correct choice. It correctly implies that any customer, regardless of their specific identity or characteristics, who fills out the questionnaire, is eligible. The sentence correctly reads as "Whichever customer fill out our online questionnaire are eligible..."

(A) "Who" – This option doesn't fit grammatically. The sentence would require rephrasing to use "who," such as "Customers who fill out our online questionnaire are eligible..."

 (B) "One" – While grammatically possible, it changes the meaning. "One customer fill out..." suggests a singular, which is not fitting in this context. 

(C) "Any" – This could seem correct, as "Any customer fill out..." implies inclusivity. However, it's grammatically incorrect; it would need to be "Any customer who fills out..." 

The correct answer is (A) whatever.

"Whatever" is used here as a pronoun to introduce a noun clause. "Whatever border control measures necessary" acts as the direct object of the verb "take". In this context, "whatever" is used to refer to anything or everything that is needed or required. This usage is correct because it indicates an unspecified number or amount of border control measures that might be needed, depending on the situation.

(B) "where" is a relative adverb used to introduce a clause that indicates place or location. Its use here would not make sense because the phrase "the government will take where border control measures" is grammatically incorrect and doesn't make sense in the context of the sentence.

(C) "how" is an adverb used to ask in what way or manner something happens or is done. In this context, "how" would not be correct because it would imply asking about the method of taking border control measures, not the measures themselves.

(D) "whenever" is a conjunction used to mean "every time that" or "at whatever time", introducing a clause indicating a time. Its use here would not make sense because the phrase "the government will take whenever border control measures" is grammatically incorrect and doesn't fit the context of the sentence. 

The correct answer is (B) whether or not.

In this sentence, TSMC Tech is considering a possible action or decision, so we need a noun clause that expresses uncertainty or a choice. "Whether or not" introduces a noun clause that shows two possible alternatives (to build an advanced packaging facility in Chiayi or Yunlin County).

(A) "that" is incorrect because “that to build …” is not grammatically correct.

(C) "whereas" because “whereas to build …” is not grammatically correct.
(D) "what" because “what to build …” is not grammatically correct.

The correct answer is (D) if.

In this sentence, the word that follows should introduce a noun clause, which acts as the object of the verb "know". The noun clause in this sentence is "if they would like to apply for a pay raise". The conjunction "if" is used to introduce a condition or possibility, making it the correct choice in this context.

(A) "who" is incorrect because it is a relative pronoun that is used to introduce a relative clause, not a noun clause. It does not fit into the context of the sentence because it would imply that the employees should let their managers know a person, not a condition or possibility.

(B) "what" is incorrect because it is used to ask for information specifying something. In this context, the employees are not asking for information; they are indicating a condition or possibility.

(C) "whichever" is incorrect because it is used to indicate a choice from among a defined set of alternatives. In this context, there is no set of alternatives from which to choose. 

The correct answer is (B) how.

The question the caterer asked requires an answer that provides a quantity, meaning the number of guests. In English grammar, "how" is used before an adjective or adverb to form a question asking about quantity or degree. In this case, the caterer is asking about the number of guests, which is a quantity. Therefore, "how" is the appropriate choice.

(A) “About” is a preposition that indicates topics or subjects of conversation. It does not function well with the verb "asked" in forming a question about quantity. It would have been correct if the sentence was "The caterer asked about the guests," but in this context, it's incorrect.

(C) “Concerning” is a preposition that means regarding or with respect to. Similar to 'about', it indicates the topic of conversation but doesn't fit well with the verb "asked" in forming a question about quantity. "The caterer asked concerning the guests," would be incorrect in this context.

(D) “What” is used to ask for information specifying something. In this context, the caterer is not asking for specific information about the guests, but rather the quantity of guests. Therefore, "what" is not the appropriate choice. "The caterer asked what guests would be present," would imply the caterer is asking for specific guest names or identities, not the number of guests. 

The correct answer is (D) if.

The correct answer in this context is "if", because it introduces a condition and is used to form a noun clause. A noun clause is a type of dependent clause that functions as a noun in a sentence. In the sentence, "if they would like to apply for a pay raise" is the noun clause functioning as the direct object of the verb "know".

(A) "Who" is incorrect because it is used to ask questions or to introduce a clause that gives additional information about someone or something. It does not fit in this context.

(B) "What" is a relative pronoun used to introduce a clause giving additional information, but in this sentence, we need a conjunction to connect two clauses.

(C) "Whichever" is incorrect because it’s used to show a choice from a limited number of options. It does not make sense in this context as we are not speaking about choices. 

The correct answer is (B) how.

In this sentence, a noun clause is used as an object of the verb "asked". A noun clause is a type of dependent clause that functions as a noun in a sentence. It can perform all the functions of a noun in a sentence, including acting as an object of a verb. Here, the noun clause is "how many guests would be present at the dinner". The question word "how" introduces the noun clause and is used to ask about quantity or number.

(A) "about" is incorrect because it does not properly introduce the noun clause in this context. The preposition "about" is used to express the subject of something, but it is not used to introduce noun clauses.

(C) "concerning" is incorrect because it is generally used to indicate the topic of something, not to introduce a noun clause. It is more formal and less common in everyday English, and it doesn't fit well in this context.

(D) "what" is incorrect because it is used to ask for specific information or to identify something. In this context, we need to ask about the quantity of guests, so "how" is the appropriate question word to use. 

The correct answer is (B) what.

The correct sentence is: "During the orientation, department managers will explain what the job will exactly entail to their new employees." Here, "what the job will exactly entail" is a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the verb "explain". Noun clauses can start with words like "what," "that," "why," etc., and they always function as a noun in a sentence.

(A) "how" is incorrect because it's usually used to describe the manner in which something is done, not the thing itself. In this context, "how the job will exactly entail" doesn't make sense because "how" can't introduce the details of a job.

(C) "when" is incorrect because it indicates time, which is not the focus in the context of the sentence. The managers are explaining the job details, not when they will do so.

(D) "which" is incorrect because it's used to select from a specific set of options, which is not applicable in this context. There's no previously mentioned set of jobs for "which" to refer to. 

The correct answer is (C) be handed.

In English, there are certain situations where the verb within a noun clause should remain in its base form. This typically happens in sentences that express suggestions, advice, or necessity.  In such cases, we use the base form of the verb (in this case, 'hand') and precede it with the word 'be'. So "be handed" is the correct form here as it expresses the necessity of the report being handed in by this Friday.

(A) "is handed" is incorrect because it is in the present tense, which does not express the necessary future action.

(B) "hands" is incorrect because it is in the present tense and in the third-person singular form. It does not fit the sentence context as it does not express the necessary future action.

(D) "hand" is incorrect because it does not include the necessary 'be' to express the correct subjective mood. 'Hand' alone would be an imperative or command, which does not fit the context of the sentence. 

The correct answer is (C) who.

In this context, we are choosing a person who will be the best employee of the year. In English, when we refer to people, we use "who". Thus, the noun clause in this sentence is "who will be the best employee of the year", acting as the object of the verb "determine".

(A) "how" is incorrect because it is used to refer to the way in which something happens or is done, not to refer to a person.
(B) "what" is incorrect because it is used to refer to things, not people.
(D) "that" is incorrect because it is a relative pronoun and is usually used to introduce a clause, especially a restrictive relative clause, not to refer to a person. 

The correct answer is (D) be held.

In English, there are certain situations where the verb within a noun clause should remain in its base form. This typically happens in sentences that express suggestions, advice, or necessity. In this sentence, 'requested' is such a verb that requires the use of the subjunctive mood. The structure of the subjunctive mood is: the base form of the verb (be, do, have, etc.) without 'to'. Therefore, "be held" is correct.

(A) "is held" is incorrect because it uses the simple present tense, which doesn't fit in this context. The manager is making a request for a future event, not stating a fact in the present.

(B) "hold" is incorrect because it's in the base form, which doesn't fit the sentence structure. It would be correct if the sentence was an imperative command, such as "Hold the next meeting on a Friday".

(C) "held" is incorrect because it's the past participle of the verb 'hold'. It would be correct if the sentence was in passive voice and in past tense, such as "The next meeting was held on a Friday".