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TOEFL® Vocabulary ebook

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Hospital & Clinic & Pharmacy view_list format_list_numbered
C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

acetaminophen star_border

/ˌæsɪtəˈmɪnəfɪn/。 play_circle_filled

Acetaminophen is a widely used over-the-counter drug that serves as an analgesic and antipyretic. It is commonly found in medications like Tylenol and is effective in reducing fever and alleviating pain such as headaches, muscle aches, and arthritis discomfort. However, it is crucial to adhere to the prescribed dosage to avoid potential liver damage, especially when used frequently or in large amounts.

  • If you have a headache, taking acetaminophen might help relieve the pain.

  • Acetaminophen is often recommended by doctors for mild to moderate pain relief.

  • Be careful not to exceed the recommended dose of acetaminophen, as it can be harmful to your liver.

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

allergic star_border

/əˈlɝː.dʒɪk play_circle_filled

The adjective "allergic" is used to describe a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a particular substance, known as an allergen. These reactions can range from mild to severe and can include symptoms like sneezing, itching, rashes, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Common allergens include certain foods, dust, pollen, and animal dander.

  • He is allergic to peanuts and must avoid them at all costs.

  • Many people are allergic to pollen and suffer from hay fever during spring.

  • I didn't know I was allergic to cats until I visited my friend's house.


Over the last decade, there has been a new trend in the hotel industry of providing “allergy-friendly” rooms for those who are affected by indoor allergens. Some hotel chains have even been working to improve the air quality systems and cleaning processes to remove all of the unwanted allergens. 

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

antacids star_border

/ˈæntˌæsɪdz/ play_circle_filled
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Antacids are a type of medication that neutralize stomach acid. They are commonly used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), such as heartburn and indigestion. These medications can come in various forms, including tablets, liquids, and powders. They work by raising the pH level in the stomach, which reduces the acidity and alleviates discomfort.


  • If you have heartburn, taking antacids can help soothe your stomach.

  • Many people carry antacids in their bags for quick relief from indigestion.

  • Antacids are available over the counter and are commonly used after meals.

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

antiseptic cream star_border

/æn.tɪˈsep.tɪk kriːm/ play_circle_filled
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Antiseptic cream is a topical medication used to prevent bacterial infections in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It contains active ingredients that inhibit the growth of bacteria, thereby protecting the affected area from infection. These creams are a common component of first aid kits and are recommended for immediate application after cleaning a minor wound.


  • Apply a small amount of antiseptic cream to the cut to prevent infection.

  • Make sure to have some antiseptic cream in your first aid kit.

  • After cleaning the wound, she applied antiseptic cream before bandaging it.

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

aspirin star_border

/ˈæspərɪn/ play_circle_filled
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Aspirin is a widely used over-the-counter medication that offers anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. It's part of a group of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Aspirin works by reducing substances in the body that cause pain, fever, and inflammation. It is also used in low doses to reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks by preventing blood clots. Its use in children for fever or viral symptoms is generally avoided due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.


  • I take an aspirin every day to reduce the risk of heart attack.

  • She took two aspirins for her headache.

  • Doctors often recommend aspirin for patients with chronic pain. 

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

capsule star_border

/ˈkæpsul/ play_circle_filled
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A capsule is a small container that is filled with a dose of medicine and is designed to be swallowed. It can also refer to something that encapsulates or contains the essence of something in a concise and compact form. Additionally, in the context of space exploration, a capsule is a compartment designed to transport humans and cargo in space.

  • The medicine comes in the form of a small capsule.

  • She summarized the report in a single capsule.

  • The time capsule will be opened fifty years from now. 

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

drugstore star_border

/ˈdrʌɡˌstɔr/ play_circle_filled
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A drugstore in American context typically refers to a retail store that sells medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, as well as a variety of other products such as health and beauty aids, toiletries, and sometimes snacks and household items. It is a convenient place for people to purchase a wide range of everyday items.

  • I need to stop by the drugstore to pick up my prescription.

  • She found her favorite skincare products at a local drugstore.

  • Most drugstores now offer photo printing services.

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

fact-acting star_border

/fastˈæktɪŋ/ play_circle_filled
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Fast-acting medications are designed to deliver quick relief from symptoms. They are formulated to absorb and react within the body rapidly, making them ideal for acute conditions where immediate results are needed. These medications can range from pain relievers and antihistamines to certain types of insulin used in diabetes management.

  • This fast-acting pain relief cream works within minutes.

  • For severe allergic reactions, a fast-acting antihistamine is essential.

  • He prefers fast-acting insulin to manage his blood sugar levels efficiently. 

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

glasses star_border

/ˈɡlæsɪz/ play_circle_filled
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The word "glasses" refers to a pair of lenses set in a frame that rests on the nose and ears, used to correct defective vision or protect the eyes from debris, sunlight, or other hazards. Glasses come in various shapes and sizes and can include features such as prescription lenses, anti-glare coatings, or UV protection. They are an essential tool for many people who suffer from vision impairments.

  • I usually wear contact lenses, but I sometimes wear glasses when my eyes are tired.

  • How strong are your glasses?

  • He forgot his glasses at home and couldn't read the menu at the restaurant.

  • She always wears her glasses when driving at night.

  • I need to get my glasses repaired; the frame is bent.

  • My mom is having trouble seeing small print in dim light. Maybe it's time to get her a pair of reading glasses.

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

ibuprofen star_border

/ˌaɪbjuːˈproʊfən/ play_circle_filled
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Ibuprofen is a widely used over-the-counter medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body, making it effective for treating various types of pain, including headaches, muscle aches, and minor injuries, as well as conditions like arthritis. It is also frequently used to reduce fever.

  • Ibuprofen can reduce fever and alleviate pain.

  • She took ibuprofen to relieve her menstrual cramps.

  • Doctors often recommend ibuprofen for mild to moderate pain. 

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

medication star_border

/ˌmɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ play_circle_filled
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Medication refers to drugs used to diagnose, treat, or prevent illness and improve health. It can be in various forms such as pills, liquids, or injections and is often prescribed by doctors but can also be available over-the-counter. The effectiveness and safety of medication depend on correct usage, including dosage and timing.

  • The doctor prescribed a new medication for her chronic pain.

  • He forgot to take his medication this morning.

  • Please check the label on the medication to ensure correct dosage. 

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

nsaids star_border

/ˌɛnˈesˈeɪˈaɪˈdiːz/ play_circle_filled
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NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are a class of medications widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and bring down fevers. They work by inhibiting enzymes that contribute to inflammation in the body. Common examples include ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen. While effective, they must be used with caution due to potential side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding and increased risk of heart attack or stroke, especially when used long term or in higher doses.

  • Many doctors recommend NSAIDs for treating minor aches and pains.

  • Please be cautious when using NSAIDs if you have a history of ulcers.

  • NSAIDs can reduce inflammation, but they may also increase the risk of heart problems. 

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

over-the-counter star_border

/ˌoʊvər ðə ˈkaʊntər/ play_circle_filled
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The term "over-the-counter" is commonly used in the context of pharmaceuticals to indicate that certain medicines or products can be purchased without a prescription from a doctor. This is in contrast to prescription medications, which require a doctor's approval and supervision. Over the counter products are considered safe for use without professional supervision, although it is always recommended to follow the guidelines and instructions provided.

  • Some over the counter medications can interact with prescription drugs.

  • Do not treat severe stomach pain, nausea or vomiting with over-the-counter medicines.

  • You can buy most cold remedies over the counter.

  • You can buy aspirin over the counter at any pharmacy.

  • Even though they do not require a prescription, over-the-counter medicines may cause significant side effects. Therefore, before taking any OTC medication or dietary supplement, read the label carefully, especially the dosage, frequency, and precautions sections.

  • Drug manufacturers are required to stamp an expiration date on their products. On over-the-counter medicines, the expiration date is often printed on the label or carton under "EXP" or stamped without ink into the bottom of a bottle or carton.

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

refill star_border

/ˈriːˌfɪl/ play_circle_filled
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The word "refill" can be used both as a verb and a noun in English. As a verb, it means to fill something again after it has been emptied or used up, such as refilling a glass with water or a printer with paper. As a noun, "refill" refers to the substance used to fill something again, like an ink cartridge for a pen, or it can refer to the act of refilling, often used in the context of beverages.

  • Can I get a refill on my coffee, please?

  • This pen is out of ink, I need a refill.

  • Most restaurants offer a free refill for soft drinks.

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

side effect star_border

/ˈsaɪd ɪˌfɛkt/ play_circle_filled
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In medical terms, a side effect is any secondary and usually adverse effect that results from a drug or therapy. While the primary effect is intended to treat or cure, side effects can be minor or severe and can sometimes lead to the discontinuation of the treatment.

  • One common side effect of this medication is dizziness.

  • Some users may experience side effects such as headaches or nausea.

  • The new policy had several unintended side effects on the economy. 

C1-C2
B1-B2
A1-A2

thyroid star_border

/ˈθaɪrɔɪd/ play_circle_filled
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The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in the body's metabolic processes. Located at the front of the neck, it produces hormones like thyroxine, which regulate metabolism, energy generation, and overall physical growth and development. Issues with the thyroid can lead to various health problems, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and thyroid cancer, affecting numerous bodily functions.

  • Her doctor explained that her tiredness might be due to an underactive thyroid.

  • Thyroid disorders can affect people of all ages.

  • He underwent surgery to remove a part of his thyroid due to cancer. 

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