TOEFL® Vocabulary Exercise 45

Instructions: Select an image that best describes the vocabulary you just heard.

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Instructions: Listen to an audio of a sentence and complete the sentence by dragging the correct missing word from the vocabulary list on the right.

Instructions: Listen to an audio of a sentence and complete the sentence by selecting the correct missing word from the vocabulary list.

Massive before World War II denuded thousands of acres of land, and the consequent soil erosion that the southern coastline has endured is endangering several indigenous species.

Sulfur dioxide, a major contributor to , is an especially serious pollutant because it diminishes the respiratory system's ability to deal with all other pollutants.

The Japanese macaque is an specie. It inhabits an area farther north than any other primate except for humans.

A carbon is the sum of all emissions of greenhouse gases like CO2.

With a total of less than two hundred and fewer breeding females than ever before, the American crocodile seemed a decade ago to be in danger of disappearing.

Pollution is posing a serious threat to the balance of the oceans.

Kangaroos are to to Australia.

acid rain

endangered

footprint

ecological

population

deforestation

endemic

Listen again

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acid rain

endangered

footprint

ecological

population

deforestation

endemic

Instructions: Listen to an audio of a sentence and complete the sentence by entering the missing word or words in the black placeholder.

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Manure contains plant essential nutrients, but overuse of manure on agricultural land can cause nutrient  in soils, consequently leading to groundwater eutrophication. 
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 land is unsuitable for many crops and must be irrigated in order for cultivation to take place. 
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Much of the soil in our nation has become  due to the overuse of pesticides, herbicides, and chemical fertilizers. 
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Instructions: Listen to an audio of a sentence and complete the sentence by entering the missing word or words in the black placeholder.

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Most meteoroids that enter the Earth's atmosphere vaporize completely and never reach the planet's surface. If any part of a meteoroid survives the fall through the atmosphere and lands on Earth, it is called a . 
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When a meteoroid enters the atmosphere, friction, pressure, and chemical interactions with the atmospheric gases cause it to heat up and radiate that energy, thus forming a fireball, also known as a  or shooting/falling star. 
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An , a natural light display in the sky seen predominantly in the high latitudes, is formed when charged particles emitted from the sun during a solar flare penetrate the earth's magnetic shield and collide with atoms and molecules in our atmosphere. 
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Facebook, with this update, appears to be knocking down an obstacle that keeps users from choosing this option, namely fears of inadvertent oversharing.

The word "inadvertent" is closest in meaning to

widespread
unexpected
careless
prominent

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Instructions: Listen to an audio of a sentence and complete the sentence by dragging the correct missing word from the vocabulary list on the right.

Instructions: Listen to an audio of a sentence and complete the sentence by selecting the correct missing word from the vocabulary list.

In contrast to the technical vision of business knowledge that in the United States, European schools emphasize relationship skills in instruction.

The site is used by users for reviews and ratings on restaurants, hotels and activities.

The of individualist feminism in English-speaking countries is a historical phenomenon.

Green was the color in the forest.

predominately

predominance

predominate

predominant

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predominately

predominance

predominate

predominant

Instructions: Listen to an audio of a sentence and complete the sentence by dragging the correct missing word from the vocabulary list on the right.

Instructions: Listen to an audio of a sentence and complete the sentence by selecting the correct missing word from the vocabulary list.

The start of the European of the Americas is typically dated back to 1492

By 1650, England had established a dominant presence on the Atlantic coast. The first was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Many of the people who settled in the New World came to escape religious persecution.

Spanish Colonial architecture represents Spanish influence on New World and East Indies cities and towns, and it is still being seen in the architecture as well as in the city planning aspects of conserved present-day cities.

With Christopher Columbus' accidental arrival in the Caribbean in 1492, Castile became the first European kingdom to the Americas.

Spanish colonies were run under the system called encomienda, by which the Spanish crown granted the right to demand tribute in gold of labor from native inhabitants.

The first known Europeans to reach the Americas are believed to have been the Vikings during the eleventh century, who established several colonies in Greenland and one short-lived at L'Anse aux Meadows in the area the Norse called Vinland, present day Newfoundland.

In the early 19th century, the Spanish American wars of independence resulted in the of most Spanish colonies in the Americas except Cuba and Puerto Rico.

During the Spanish colonial period, the economy was based on of gold and silver.

Spain organized a huge imperial system to the land, labor, and mineral wealth of the New World.

colonize

settlement

exploit

colonial

exploitation

colonization

colonists

colony

emancipation

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colonize

settlement

exploit

colonial

exploitation

colonization

colonists

colony

emancipation

Listen

The incessant storms and rainfall over the past two months have made this the wettest winter since records began in 1910.

The word "incessant" is closest in meaning to

perpetual
accessible
altered
recurrent

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Instructions: Listen to an audio of a sentence and complete the sentence by dragging the correct missing word from the vocabulary list on the right.

Instructions: Listen to an audio of a sentence and complete the sentence by selecting the correct missing word from the vocabulary list.

Leopards hunt from trees, where their spotted coats allow them to blend with the leaves until they spring with a deadly pounce. These predators also stalk antelope, deer, and pigs by stealthy movements in the tall grass.

Some animals, such as chameleons and octopuses, are capable of actively changing their skin pattern and colours, whether for or for signalling.

Some insects without stingers have body parts that the sharp stinger of wasps or bees.

With , one organism resemble another. For example, the harmless king snake has adapted a color pattern that resembles the deadly coral snake.

One of nature's most impressive masters of is the octopus, which can change color and texture in less than a second, blending into its surroundings with incredible accuracy.

The harmless king snake has a color pattern that resembles the deadly coral snake. This mimicry keeps predators away from the king snake.

Camels have many that allow them to live successfully in desert conditions.

adapted

adaptations

mimic

mimicry

disguise

nocturnal

camouflage

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adapted

adaptations

mimic

mimicry

disguise

nocturnal

camouflage

Originating in the Yucatán around 2600 B.C., The Maya rose to around A.D. 250 in southern Mexico, Guatemala, northern Belize and western Honduras. Building on the inherited inventions and ideas of earlier such as the Olmec, the Maya developed astronomy, calendrical systems and hieroglyphic writing. The Maya were noted as well for and highly decorated architecture, including temple-pyramids, palaces and observatories, all built without metal tools.

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Originating in the Yucatán around 2600 B.C., The Maya rose to prominence around A.D. 250 in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, northern Belize and western Honduras. Building on the inherited inventions and ideas of earlier civilizations such as the Olmec, the Maya developed astronomy, calendrical systems and hieroglyphic writing. The Maya were noted as well for elaborate and highly decorated ceremonial architecture, including temple-pyramids, palaces and observatories, all built without metal tools.

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Exercise Vocabulary List

predominate

"Dominate" and "predominate" can be used interchangeably in some sentences, normally dominate is used to...
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predominance

Similar to the verbs, the noun “dominance” means power and influence over others. And “predominance”...
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predominant

The adjective "dominant" means most influential, having the greatest importance. The word “predominant”...
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infertile

The adjective "infertile" describesland that cannot produce a large number of good quality cropsanimals or plants a...
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enrichment

To enrich something means to improve its quality, usually by adding something to it. For example:The soya bean originated in...
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arid

Arid land is so dry that very few plants can grow on it. Example sentences:A desalination plant can convert sea water to drin...
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present-day

Present-day things, situations, and people exist at the time in history we are now in....
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settlement

A settlement is a group of people choosing to live somewhere together. A settlement is smaller than a town and may be a group...
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prominence

The noun "prominence" means the state of being prominent, and prominent means famous or well-known, so if someone o...
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inadvertent

When something happens by accident, it's inadvertent, or unintentional. .When your actions are inadvertent you're not...
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camouflage

Camouflage is the way in which some animals are colored and shaped so that they cannot easily be seen in their natural surrou...
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mimic

Definition: to copy an actionExample sentences:Babies mimic eating behaviors, so it's imperative that you and those regul...
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mimicry

Definition: The close external resemblance of an animal or plant (or part of one) to another animal, plant, or inanimate obje...
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colony

"Colony" can have two meanings. The first is that it is a place where a group of people with the same interest or o...
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colonial

Colonial means relating to countries that are colonies, or to colonialism. Example sentence:The colonial period occurred when...
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meteorite

Most meteoroids that enter the Earth's atmosphere vaporize completely and never reach the planet's surface. If any pa...
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meteor

When a meteoroid enters the atmosphere, friction, pressure, and chemical interactions with the atmospheric gases cause it to...
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aurora

An aurora, sometimes referred to as polar lights, northern lights or southern lights, is a natural light display in the Earth...
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deforestation

Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses. Examples of defores...
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acid rain

Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydro...
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endangered

An animal that is endangered is close to extinction — meaning there aren't very many of that type of animal left in...
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population

Definition: All the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country. All the people or animals of a particular type or gro...
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ecological

Ecological describe something relating to ecology or the environment. Examples:The destruction of the rain forests is an ecol...
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endemic

If a disease or illness is endemic in a place, it is frequently found among the people who live there. For example:Polio was...
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karst

Definition: Landscape underlain by limestone that has been eroded by dissolution, producing ridges, towers, fissures, sinkhol...
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canyon

Definition: A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.Example senences:The most familiar type of canyon is...
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avalanche

Definition: A mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainsideExample senences:Only on a mountain can you exp...
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landslide

Definition: The sliding down of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff.Example senences:Flooding caused bridges to...
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exploit

Resources can be depleted. The verb "exploit" also means to use resources, but it also has the meaning of to use so...
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exploitation

Resources can be depleted. The verb "exploit" also means to use resources, but it also has the meaning of to use so...
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footprint

Definition: The impact on the environment of human activity in terms of pollution, damage to ecosystems, and the depletion of...
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colonize

Definition: Come to settle among and establish political control over (the indigenous people of an area)Example sentences:The...
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colonization

Definition: Example sentences:Quite soon, however, the invader's aims broadened into conquest and colonization on an unpreced...
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elaborate

Definition: Involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed and complicated in design and planning.Example sente...
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nocturnal

Definition: active at nightExample sentences:Most owls are nocturnal....
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incessant

Definition: uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuingExample sentences:This incessant belching expels an impress...
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disguise

Definition: make unrecognizableExample sentences:Her method of investigation has involved going undercover, adopting various...
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TOEFL® Vocabulary Exercise 45

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