雅思單字字卡

Radiocarbon dating, the analysis of ancient DNA in bones and teeth, are used to help build up a picture of our ancestors. It determines the age of ancient objects by means of measuring the amount of carbon-14 there is left in an object. This is now the most widely used method of age estimation in the field.

放射性碳測，一種量測古代骨骼和牙齒 DNA 的分析技術，被用來幫助建立我們祖先的照片。它通過測量物體中殘留的碳 14 的數量來確定古代物體的年齡。這是目前該領域最廣泛使用的年齡估計方法。

Mesolithic Britain was thought to have been inhabited by hunter-gatherers, however, the recent excavation of a dwelling in Northumbria reveals our Stone Age ancestors to have been indigenous and elaborate house builders.

中石器時代的英國被認為是狩獵採集者居住的地方，然而，最近在諾森比亞的一處住宅挖掘表明，我們石器時代的祖先是土著和精心建造的房屋。

Egyptian hieroglyphs were a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians.

埃及象形文字是 古 埃及人使用的正式書寫系統。

The practice was more common in ancient times than it is now.

這種做法在 古代比現在更普遍。

The people in the village still observe the ancient customs/traditions of their ancestors.

村里的人們仍然遵守他們祖先的古老習俗/傳統。

Traditionally, ancient peoples had flourished in drier climates, where the centralized management of water resources through irrigation and other techniques formed the basis of society.

傳統上，古代民族在較乾燥的氣候中繁榮發展，通過灌溉和其他技術對水資源進行集中管理是社會的基礎。

Sometime around 4000 B.C., ancient Sumerian culture emerged on a floodplain along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now southern Iraq.

大約在公元前 4000 年左右，古代蘇美爾文化出現在現在伊拉克南部的底格里斯河和幼發拉底河沿岸的洪氾平原上。

The ancient Etruscan civilization emerged roughly 2,900 years ago in present-day Italy. ​

 大約 2900 年前，古代伊特魯里亞文明出現在今的意大利 。

The archaeologists were impressed with the ancient civilization of the Mayans.

考古學家對瑪雅人的古老文明印象深刻。

be native to = 原產於

The species is native to South Africa, but is now widespread in south-western Australia, being especially abundant on roadsides and wasteland. 

該物種原產於南非，但現在在澳大利亞西南部廣泛分佈，在路邊和荒地尤其豐富。

Spanish colonies were run under the system called encomienda, by which the Spanish crown granted colonists the right to demand tribute in gold of labor from native inhabitants.

西班牙殖民地在稱為 encomienda 的製度下運作，西班牙王室通過該制度授予殖民者向當地居民索取勞動金貢的權利。

She's a native Californian. 

她是土生土長的加州人。

By 1650, England had established a dominant presence on the Atlantic coast. The first colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Many of the people who settled in the New World came to escape religious persecution.

到 1650 年，英格蘭已經在大西洋沿岸建立了統治地位。第一個殖民地於 1607 年在弗吉尼亞州的詹姆斯敦成立。許多在新大陸定居的人都是為了逃避宗教迫害。

The first human inhabitants of Meso-America were descendants of Asian peoples who crossed the Bering land bridge. These first settlers were hunters and gatherers, but eventually they developed settled communities based on cultivation of crops such as maize.

中美洲的第一批人類居民是跨過白令陸橋的亞洲人的後裔。這些第一批定居者是狩獵者和採集者，但最終他們以種植玉米等作物為基礎發展了定居社區。

Although freshwater is the ancestral habitat for larval mosquitoes, multiple species independently evolved the ability to survive in saltwater.

儘管淡水是蚊子幼蟲的祖先棲息地，但多個物種獨立進化出在鹽水中生存的能力。

The unique estuarine has been the ancestral home for nearly 150 species of birds, many of which are migratory.

獨特的河口是近 150 種鳥類的祖先家園，其中許多是遷徙性鳥類。

Archaeologists and site-workers anxiously probed into the sand and uncover three magnificently carved unidentified wooden anthropoid sarcophagi dating back to the 26th Dynasty.

考古學家和現場工作人員焦急地探查沙子，發現了三座雕刻精美的、可追溯到第 26 王朝的不明木質類人猿石棺。

Fundamental questions remain to be answered about anthropoid origins in Asia and Africa.

關於亞洲和非洲類人猿起源的基本問題仍有待回答。

The first human inhabitants of Meso-America were descendants of Asian peoples who crossed the Bering land bridge.​

中美洲的第一批人類居民是 跨過白令陸橋的亞洲人的後裔。

The Native American Trade is the trade between Europeans, their North American descendants, and the indigenous people of North America known as Native Americans in the United States.

美洲原住民貿易是歐洲人、他們的北美後裔、和在美國被稱為美洲原住民的北美原住民之間的貿易。

An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between the sea anemones and clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of sea anemones.

互利共生的一個例子是海葵和生活在海葵觸鬚之間的小丑魚之間的關係。

Many nomads dwell in forests.

許多游牧民族居住在森林中。

Dwell on the past = 糾纏過去

I'd rather not dwell on the past.​

我寧願不糾纏過去

The fact that elk now live almost solely in the Rocky Mountains would make it seem that they are mountain dwellers.

麋鹿現在幾乎只生活在落基山脈的事實會讓人覺得它們是山區定居者。

Many species on islands are very rare and endangered. Extinction is on the increase. As an example, 90 percent of bird species that are now extinct were island dwellers.

島上的許多物種非常稀有和瀕臨滅絕。滅絕正在增加。例如，現在已經滅絕的鳥類中有 90% 是島上的定居者。

be indigenous to = 原產於

This delicious berry is indigenous to South Africa.  

這種美味的漿果原產於南非。

Rather than wandering aimlessly, indigenous peoples of North America tended to follow annual migratory patterns, often driven by the seasonal availability of their primary food sources.

北美原住民不是漫無目的地遊蕩，而是傾向於遵循每年的遷徙模式，這通常是由其主要食物來源的季節性供應驅動的。

indigenous people = aboriginal people = aborignial inhabitants = 原住民

Are there any species of frog indigenous to the area? 

這個地區是否有本地品種的青蛙？ 

So who are the indigenous people of this land? 

那麼誰是這塊土地的原住民？

Several hundred species of birds inhabit the island.

島上棲息著數百種鳥類。

This part of the country is inhabited by native tribes.

該國的這一部分居住著土著部落。

The island is no longer inhabited. 

島上不再有人居住。

As our Sun gets older, it will get larger and warmer, eventually leading to the Earth becoming inhabitable.

隨著我們的太陽變老，它會變得更大、更溫暖，最終導致地球變得適合居住。

The Adena peoples are the first known inhabitants in the modern-day United States territory.

阿德納人是現代美國領土上最早的已知居民。

Migrant 意思是「移民」或是「遷徙動物」或是「候鳥」。

Since the mid-1990's, hundreds of thousands of undocumented migrants from Mexico and beyond have been entering the United States on foot through Arizona.

自 1990 年代中期以來，數十萬來自墨西哥及其他地區的無證移民通過亞利桑那州步行進入美國。

Birds that were altitudinal migrants or local nomads were classified as resident.

隨者海拔高度遷移的候鳥或是游牧民族的鳥類被歸類為居民。

The tribe was migratory and migrated in a similar way the birds moved to warmer places for the winter.

該部落是遷徙的，並且以類似鳥類遷徙到溫暖的地方過冬的方式遷徙。

Migratory birds = 候鳥

Populations of many migratory birds depend not only on places to breed and spend the winter but also on the quality and continued availability of habitats along migration routes.

許多候鳥的數量不僅取決於繁殖和過冬的地方，還取決於遷徙路線沿線棲息地的質量和持續可用性。

Some species of ovenbirds are migratory, others are sedentary.

有些種類的烤箱鳥是遷徙的，有些是定居的。

Silver first came into use on a substantial scale during the 3rd millennium bc

白銀在公元前 3 世紀首次大規模使用

Silver first came into use on a substantial scale during the 3rd millennium bc

白銀在公元前 3 世紀首次大規模使用

At first, the Anasazi were hunter-gatherers and nomads. During the agricultural era, the Anasazi became sedentary tribes, employing a wide variety of means to grow high-yield crops in areas of low rainfall.

起初，阿納薩齊人是狩獵採集者和游牧民族。在農業時代，阿納薩齊人成為定居部落，採用多種手段在降雨量少的地區種植高產作物。

Today, some nomads travel by motor vehicle and they live in tents or other portable shelters.

今天，一些 游牧民族搭乘機動車輛行動，他們住在帳篷或其他攜帶式遮蔽建物裡面。

The tribe was nomadic and migrated in a similar way the birds to warmer places for the winter.

該部落是游牧民族，以類似鳥類到溫暖的地方過冬遷徙。

The late prehistoric archaeological record at La Crosse is dominated by a series of Oneota village sites.

拉克羅斯的史前晚期考古記錄以一系列奧尼奧塔村遺址為主。

The child's table manners were horrendous like he was a primitive boy.

這孩子的餐桌禮儀很可怕，像個原始男孩。

Right up until the mid-1950s there were still regions in Greenland where the Inuits lived in rather primitive, but highly adequate, dwellings.

直到 1950 年代中期，格陵蘭島仍有因紐特人居住在相當 原始但非常充足的住宅區。

The simplest form of engraving is hand engraving, which has been in use almost since civilization began. Stone-age humans use this primitive form of engraving to make marks and drawings on cave walls, but the human hand is only strong enough to engrave some materials. 

最簡單的雕刻形式是手工雕刻，幾乎從文明開始就一直在使用。石器時代的人類使用這種原始的雕刻形式在洞壁上做記號和繪圖，但人的手力只能雕刻一些材料。 

Gars are a primitive fish that inhabit placid waters of the Western Hemisphere.

Gars是一種原始魚類，棲息在西半球平靜的水域。

The office worker had poor health because she was sedentary. 

辦公室工作人員因為久坐而身體不好。

The tribe was sedentary and remained in the northeast for their entire existence.

這個是定居部落，他們整個存在都留在東北部。

Archaeologists discover clues to early formation of Maya sedentary life. The transition from groups of mobile foragers to established sedentary communities in ancient Maya society may have involved groups of varying degrees of mobility gathering for public ceremonies and joint construction projects.

考古學家發現了瑪雅早期定居生活形成的線索。在古代瑪雅社會，從流動的覓食者群體到已建立的定居社區的轉變可能涉及到不同程度的流動性群體，他們為公共儀式和聯合建設項目而聚集。

The settlement in America was a home away from home for many of the Irish immigrants.

在美國的定居地是許多愛爾蘭移民的家外之家。

A large Roman settlement has been discovered just outside the French town. 

在這座法國城市郊外發現了一處大型古羅馬人定居地。 

Many Native Americans were killed during the settlement of the American West by Europeans in the 19th century. 

許多美洲印第安人在19世紀歐洲人在美國西部開拓殖民地的過程中被殺害。

subsist on something = 以..為生

The villagers subsist almost entirely on rice and fish.

村民們幾乎完全以稻米和魚為生。

Hunters and gatherers subsisted on foraging and hunting.

獵人和採集者以覓食和狩獵為生。

The land is occupied by a friendly tribe.

這片土地被一個友好的部落佔領。

Many tribes were able to establish peaceful trade relations with the new colonists during the early stages of the European settlement.

在歐洲殖民初期，許多 部落能夠與新殖民者建立和平的貿易關係。

If there's no roof then the house is uninhabitable.  

如果沒有 屋頂 ， 房子就無法居住。