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Investment 是名詞，有兩個意思。(1) 資金投入 (2) 資源或時間的投入。

The account requires a minimum investment of $1,000.

這個帳戶最少需要存入1000元。

Setting up a factory requires a large capital investment.

建廠房需要一筆龐大的資本投資。

He made a significant investment in the stock market, hoping for high returns in the future. 

他在股市中進行了大量投資，希望在未來獲得高回報。

Her investment of time and effort in volunteering was recognized by the community. 

社區對她在志願服務中投入的時間和精力給予了認可。

Historical data shows that an investment portfolio allocated to stocks and bonds typically has provided significantly more growth over time than keeping cash in the bank.

歷史數據顯示，與其把現金存入銀行，將資產分配在股票和債券的投資組合，在經過長時間的投入，通常會帶來更大的收益。

It's advisable for the investors to invest in mutual funds if the investment perspective is long-term or more than 15 years. In this period, people can expect to get around 10-12 percent annual return on their money, which is enough to beat the rate of inflation during the investment period. 

如果投資前景是長期或超過15年，建議投資者投資基金。在此期間，人們可以期望獲得大約 10-12% 的年回報率，這足以擊敗投資期間的通貨膨脹率。

investor由動詞 invest 而來，花錢購買股票、債券、房地產以期獲利的「投資人」，英文就是 investor(s)，例句：

A conservative investor has more bonds in their portfolio than stocks. They win in the long term.

保守型投資人在他們的投資組合中擁有債券的比例比股票更多。 長遠來看，他們會贏(獲利)。

每個人願意承擔的投資風險有高有低，因此各自的投資風格也大不相同，有上面例句中的 conservative investor (保守型投資人)，也有 aggressive investors (積極型投資人)，我們也可以用動詞 + 副詞的方式來表達：to invest conservatively 或是 to invest aggressively。

Investors earn money on stocks through dividends and price gains. 

投資者通過領股息和價差在股票上賺錢。

Most investors believe the economy has been solid, but with recent volatility, they're still unwilling to invest more. 

大多數投資者認為經濟持續穩健，但因為最近的波動，他們仍然不願意進行更多投資。

Investors know too much cash is a bad idea, but few are willing to put it to work. In fact, nearly 90% have maintained or increased cash holdings since the 2008 housing bubble.

投資者知道手邊留過多的現金是個壞主意，但很少有人願意付諸實行。 事實上，自 2008 年房地產泡沫以來，近 90% 的人維持或增加了現金的持有量。

不論是大家平時和朋友同事閒聊或者在新聞網路上看到的「基金」，一般指的都是 Mutual Fund，中文翻成「共同基金」。基金就是集合一群人的資金，由專業的經理人與研究團隊來集中管理投資，以期創造更高的投資報酬。

For most investors, mutual funds are a great way to build a diversified portfolio without a lot of extra cost or hassle.

對於大多數投資者來說，(共同)基金是建立多元化投資組合的好方法，無需太多額外成本或麻煩。

They kept about half of their assets in mutual funds and another $200,000 in stocks.

他們將大約一半的資產存放在共同基金中，另外還有 200,000 美元存放在股票中。

Royal Bank of Canada yesterday said second-quarter profit rose 12 percent as mutual fund sales and brokerage activity gained.

加拿大 RBC 銀行昨天表示，由於共同基金銷售和經紀活動增加，第二季利潤增長了 12%。

Appreciate = 感激

Appreciate 最常見的中文解釋就是感激。appreciate 後面可以加 that，或是加名詞/動名詞，例句：

We really appreciate your hard work. We couldn't get this project done without you.

我們非常感謝您的辛勤工作。沒有你，我們無法完成這個項目。

I really appreciate that you put a lot of effort into this. You help us big time.

我真的很感激你為此付出了很多努力。你幫了我們很大的忙。

Thanks for coming. I appreciate it.

感謝你的到來。 我很感激。

另外，我們會用 I would appreciate it if S + V 來請求某件事，這是很有禮貌的說法，中文翻譯起來會是「如果 …，我將感激不盡」

I would really appreciate it if you could help me with this project.

如果你能幫助我完成這個企劃，我將不勝感激。

I would appreciate it if you could let me know your decision as soon as possible.

如果您能盡快讓我知道您的決定，我將不勝感激。

We would appreciate it if you could clarify your position on this matter, as we would like to know where you stand.

如果你能澄清你在這個問題上的立場，我們將不勝感激，因為我們想知道你的立場。

Appreciate = 意識到、理解

Early in my career, I didn't appreciate how important networking and relationship building were to success.

在我職業生涯的早期，我沒有意識到建立人脈和關係對成功的重要性。

It wasn't until I became a parent that I began to appreciate just how challenging and rewarding it can be to raise a child.

直到我成為父母，我才開始意識到撫養孩子是多麼具有挑戰性和有意義的事。

Appreciate  = 欣賞、賞識

I appreciate your generosity in the matter.

我欣賞你在這件事上表現出來的胸懷大度。

I appreciate the use of color in this painting—it is so vibrant and alive.

我很欣賞這幅畫中色彩的運用——它是如此充滿朝氣與活力。

Appreciate = 增值(不及物動詞)

Appreciate 還有「增值」的意思，和前面幾個解釋不同，在這個用法中，appreciate 為不及物動詞，常見的說法為某樣東西 appreciate in value 或是某樣東西 appreciate (in value) by ____ %，例句：

Our house has appreciated by over 20% since we bought it five years ago.

自從我們五年前買房以來，我們的房子已經升值了 20% 以上。

Although there's never a guarantee, typically the property appreciates in value over time.

雖然沒有保證，但通常房地產會隨著時間而升值。

The city's real estate market is booming, and many properties have appreciated by as much as 30%.

該市房地產市場火熱，不少房地產升值幅度高達 30%。

I am going to buy this house as an investment. I hope that it will continue to appreciate over the next 10 years.

我打算買這房子作為投資。我希望它在接下來的 10 年內會繼續升值。

名詞 bond 的第一個意思是人與人之間因為相近的想法、興趣、感覺等等而形成的「聯繫」，Bond 當名詞也有「債券」的意思，債券其實就是投資人借錢給企業或政府機構的憑證，而債券的發行方會跟投資人約定給付利息的方式與到期返還的金額。

My grandmother and I had a very special bond.

我的祖母和我有一種非常特殊的聯繫。

Over the years they have formed deep bonds of friendship.

多年來他們結下了深厚的友誼。

Bond 當名詞也有「債券」的意思，債券其實就是投資人借錢給企業或政府機構的憑證，而債券的發行方會跟投資人約定給付利息的方式與到期返還的金額。​

Andy has invested most of his money in stocks and bonds.

Andy將他大部分資金投資於股票和債券。

Typically, bond prices and the stock market move in opposite directions because they are competing for capital. 

通常情況下，債券價格和股市走勢相反，因為它們在爭奪資金。

The bond's maturity is 10 years, with an interest rate of 4.5 %.

該債券的期限為 10 年，利率為 4.5%。

常見的 broker 有：(1) A real estate broker 房地產經紀人 (2) A mortgage broker 房屋貸款經紀人 (3) A stockbroker 股票經紀人 (4) An insurance broker 保險經紀人

Joseph has been a licensed real estate broker and realtor since 2001.

Joseph 自 2001 年以來一直是持有執照的房產經紀人。

I called my broker for advice about investing in the stock market.

我給我的經紀人打電話諮詢股市投資的問題。

If you're a first-time homebuyer, a mortgage broker can guide you through the process and help you understand your options.

如果你是首次購屋族，房屋貸款仲介可以指導你完成整個過程並幫助你了解你的選擇。

An insurance broker can help you compare policies from different insurance companies and find the best rates for your coverage.

保險經紀人可以幫助你比較不同保險公司的保單並找到最適合你的費率。

Mia works for a stock brokerage firm.

Mia 在一家股票經紀商工作。

Royal Bank of Canada yesterday said second-quarter profit rose 12 percent as mutual fund sales and brokerage activity gained.

加拿大 RBC 銀行昨天表示，由於共同基金銷售和經紀活動增加，第二季利潤增長了 12%。

The company saved $300,000 in brokerage fees by selling the bonds directly to investors.

該公司直接販售債券給投資者，節省了 30 萬美元的經紀費。

Dip 有幾種不同的意思。(1) 浸泡，短暫地放入液體中 (動詞) (2) 下降，減少 (動詞)  (3) 醬料，蘸醬 (名詞)。另外，我們也會看到 Take a dip這個片語，take a dip 有兩個主要解釋：(1) 短暫地進入水中游泳或浸泡，特別是為了消暑。(2) 描述數值、數量或表現的短暫下降或減少 (3) 短暫的經歷或嘗試。

After cooking the strawberries, she dipped them into chocolate.

煮熟草莓後，她將它們浸入巧克力中。

The cat is dipping his paw into a goldfish bowl in order to try to catch the fish.

這隻貓正把爪子伸進金魚缸裡，試圖要抓魚。

The value of the company's shares dipped in response to the negative news.

這家公司股價因負面消息而下跌。

US President Joe Biden's approval rating dipped to an all-time low of 36%, according to a poll released last week.

上週公布的一項民意調查顯示，美國總統 Joe Biden 的支持率跌至歷史最低點 36%

She prepared a garlic yogurt dip for the vegetable platter.

她為蔬菜拼盤準備了蒜味酸奶醬。

Take a dip 有兩個主要解釋：(1) 短暫地進入水中游泳或浸泡，特別是為了消暑。(2) 描述數值、數量或表現的短暫下降或減少 (3) 短暫的經歷或嘗試

It's so hot today; how about taking a dip in the pool?

今天天氣這麼熱，去游泳池游個泳怎麼樣？

The company's shares took a dip after the negative news hit the media.

負面新聞傳媒後，公司的股票出現下跌。

He's taking a dip into digital art after years of traditional painting.

在多年的傳統繪畫後，他開始嘗試數位藝術。

Dividend 這個詞主要用於財務和商業領域，它有幾個相關但略有不同的含義。以下是其主要含義：(1) 股息 (2) 數學上的被除數。

股息：這是最常見的含義，指的是一家公司從其盈利中分配給其股東的一部分款項。這基本上是公司賺錢的一種方式，股東作為公司所有者獲得他們所持股份的盈利部分。 

The board of directors announced that they would be paying a dividend of $1.50 per share this quarter. 

董事會宣布，他們這一季度將支付每股1.50美元的股息。

When the company announced its annual dividend, investors typically paid close attention to its payout capacity.

當公司宣布年度股息時，投資者通常會仔細關注其支付能力。

Due to the company's strong performance recently, shareholders are expecting a higher cash dividend this year.

由於公司近期的強勁表現，股東期待著今年能收到更高的現金股息。

Some investors choose to reinvest their dividends back into the company, purchasing more shares, instead of taking the dividends as cash.

一些投資者選擇將他們的股息再投資於公司，買入更多的股份，而不是將股息提取為現金。

數學上的被除數：在數學中，特別是在除法操作中，"dividend" 可以指被除數，即在除法計算中被分割的數字。 

In the equation 15 ÷ 3 = 5, 15 is the dividend. 

在等式15 ÷ 3 = 5中，15是被除數。

Temperatures will soar over the weekend, say the weather forecasters.

天氣預報員說，氣溫會在週末驟升。

A team of scientists at the Centre for Climate Research Singapore warned that by 2045, Singaporeans could face some days of the year when temperatures soar as high as a scorching 40°C.

新加坡氣候研究中心的科學家團隊警告說，到了 2045 年，新加坡人可能會面臨到在一年中的某些日子裡氣溫飆升至 40°C。

Property prices in Taiwan have soared in the last two years. While fundamentals of demand and supply can account for much of the buoyancy of housing markets during the pandemic, policymakers are nonetheless keeping a close watch on developments in this sector. 

台灣的房價在過去兩年飆升。儘管供需基本面可以解釋大部分(新冠肺炎)大流行期間房地產市場熱絡的原因，但政策制定者仍在密切關注該行業的發展。

在經濟循環 (Economic cycle) 的理論下，經濟或產業有 downturn (衰退) 也會有 upturn (好轉)。

Many believe (stock) market downturns tend to be followed by upturns. 

許多人認為股市低迷之後往往會出現好轉。

There's been a downturn in the auto industry.

汽車產業呈現低迷狀態。

Due to a downturn in our company, we regretfully had to lay off Jasper.

由於我們公司業績衰退，很遺憾地，我們不得不解僱 Jasper。

Companies have cut inventories sharply since the downturn began.

自從經濟開始不景氣以來，企業已大幅削減庫存。

When there is a downturn, people will hold their money back, saving it for only needs.

當經濟不景氣時，人們會消費變得保守，能省則省。

The economic downturn affected the local employment market. Countless people are out of jobs, and the unemployment rate has hit a record high.

經濟不景氣影響到當地的就業市場。無數的人失業，失業率來到紀錄新高.

The stock market plummeted yesterday, causing investors to panic.

昨日股市暴跌，引發投資者恐慌。

After the scandal broke, the company's stock price plummeted by 30% in just one day.

醜聞爆出後，這家公司股價僅僅一天就暴跌30%。

The economy took a hit, causing the country's GDP to plummet to record lows.

經濟受到打擊，導致該國的國內生產總額暴跌至歷史最低點。

With inflation soaring to record levels, President Joe Biden's approval rating is plummeting, which could have significant consequences for Democrats in the midterm elections.

隨著通膨飆升至創紀錄水平，(美國)總統 Joe Biden 的支持率急劇下降，這可能對民主黨在中期選舉中產生重大影響。

Rapidly rising mortgage rates have had a negative impact on demand for mortgages since early 2022, but there's no indication that demand has plummeted.

自 2022 年初以來，快速上升的房貸貸款利率對房貸需求產生了負面影響，但並沒有跡象表明需求已經暴跌。

Plunge 這個詞有多種含義，根據不同的語境有不同的用法。 (1) 急劇下降 (2) 突然跳入或陷入 (3) 猛然推進或投入（某種狀態或活動）(4) 用力插入或刺入。

Stock prices plunged after unexpected political developments.

在出乎意料的政治變故後，股票價格急劇下跌。

He took a deep breath and plunged into the cold waters of the lake.

他深吸一口氣，然後一頭跳進了湖裡冰冷的水中。

Oil prices are strongly influenced by the global economic outlook. For example, oil demand plunged in 2020 during the pandemic when lockdowns led the price to fall below zero first time in history due to a significant downturn in economic activity.

油價受到全球經濟前景的強烈影響。比方來說，在(新冠)疫情大流行期間，由於當時經濟活動大幅下滑，而封城導致石油需求在 2020 年暴跌，石油價格也在歷史上首次跌至零以下。

She plunged into her studies, determined to top her class.

她全身心投入學習，決心要成為班上的第一名。

The knight plunged his sword into the dragon.

騎士將他的劍刺入了龍的身體。

Portfolio 除了有「公事包、手提文件包」的意思之外，也可以指藝術家、設計師、或是一般求職者為了面試而準備的「作品集」，Portfolio 也可以用來指「(企業的)所有產品、服務」。An investment portfolio = 投資組合。

Other than some clean copies of your resume, a career portfolio can be a way to stand out from the competition during job interviews. No matter what industry you're in or job title you're after, it almost always impresses.

除了(準備)一些簡單乾淨的履歷之外，生涯歷程檔案不失為從求職面試競爭者中脫穎而出的一種方式。 無論你從事什麼行業或想爭取什麼職位，它幾乎總是能給人留下深刻的印象。

Each applicant is asked to supply a portfolio of work at the interview.

每位應徵者都被要求在面試時提供一份作品集。

Can you show me how to build an online portfolio in WordPress?

你能告訴我如何在 WordPress 中建立一個網路作品集嗎？

For graphic designers, a design portfolio is much more than a simple gallery of previous work. It's your opportunity to show off your diverse skills, personality, and versatility to get more clients and hopefully land that next big project.

對於平面設計師來說，設計作品集不僅僅只是簡單陳列先前的作品。 這是你展示自己多樣化技巧、個性和多種面向的機會，藉此吸引更多客戶並期望能有獲得下一個大案件的機會。

Portfolio 也可以用來指「(企業的)所有產品、服務」。

The Coca-Cola Company has a product portfolio of more than 3,500 beverages worldwide, including Sprite, Fanta and Minute Maid.

可口可樂公司在全球擁有超過 3,500 種飲料的產品組合，包括雪碧、芬達和美粒果。

An investment portfolio = 投資組合

ETFs have grown in popularity as a way for investors to gain portfolio exposure to a diversified basket of securities that track a particular asset class, index, or market sector.

ETF 越來越受歡迎，投資者能夠透過 ETF 追蹤特定資產類別、指數或市場部門而讓證券的投資組合更加多元化。

I'm really frustrated with the performance of my investment portfolio.

我對我的投資組合的表現感到非常沮喪。

Tesla stock makes up 40% of my investment portfolio.

特斯拉股票占我投資組合的 40%。

Diversifying your investment portfolio is essential. If you put all your eggs in one basket, you could suffer a total loss in the blink of an eye. But when you invest some funds in the stock market, other funds in bonds or ETFs, and some in real estate, you increase your chances of higher earnings and fewer losses.

讓你的投資組合多樣化是至關重要的。 如果你把所有的雞蛋都放在一個籃子裡，你的投資可能會在一眨眼的功夫全都賠光了。 但是，當你將一些資金投資於股票市場，將其他資金投資於債券或 ETF，以及一些投資於房地產時，你就有機會獲得更高的收益並且減少損失。

Greg worked as a portfolio manager at Purpose Investments.

Greg曾在Purpose投資公司擔任投資組合經理。

Unlike most sectors, banking continues to prosper during the recession.

不像大部分的產業一樣, 銀行業在經濟蕭條期間持續發展.

Historical data shows that economies tend to go through cycles of growth and recession.

歷史數據顯示，經濟往往經歷增長和衰退的周期。

The global recession caused many businesses to close and unemployment rates to rise dramatically.

全球經濟衰退導致許多企業關閉，失業率急劇上升。

During a recession, consumers often cut back on discretionary spending, which affects industries like travel and entertainment the most.

在經濟衰退期間，消費者通常會削減非必要性支出，這最影響旅遊和娛樂等行業。

The government introduced a stimulus package in hopes of combating the economic downturn and preventing a full-blown recession.

政府推出了一個刺激計劃，希望對抗經濟衰退並防止全面的經濟衰退。

The economy worldwide continues to suffer from the pandemic. The employment rate is at an all-time low, and the present recession might not rebound for at least another three quarters, according to financial analysts.

全球經濟仍持續受到傳染病大流行的影響. 就業率來到史上新低, 根據財經分析師的說法, 目前的經濟不景氣至少三季之內都不會好轉。

House prices have skyrocketed since the real estate boom.

自房地產繁榮以來，住房價格飆升。

Demand for streaming services has skyrocketed as people seek entertainment options from the comfort of their own homes.

由於人們尋求在舒適的家中享受娛樂選擇，串流服務的需求因此急劇增加。

Sluggish 是形容詞，意思是「行動遲緩的，反應慢的」。通常用來描述動作或反應不夠活躍或迅速的狀態。

I felt sluggish and tired all morning.

整個早上我感覺懶洋洋的，非常疲倦。

The economy has been sluggish due to recent global events.

由於最近的全球事件，經濟一直呈現低迷狀態。

His responses were sluggish during the interview, which may have affected his chances.

他在面試中的反應遲緩，這可能影響了他的機會。 

She slumped against the cushions. As commodities such as coffee or soya flooded into the world market, prices slumped, causing more economic chaos. A slump in property prices could mean your retirement taking a big hit, or being forced to wait until the housing market recovers.

她倒在靠墊上。隨著咖啡或大豆等大宗商品湧入世界市場，價格暴跌，造成更多經濟混亂。房地產價格暴跌可能意味著您的退休生活受到重大打擊，或者被迫等到房地產市場恢復。

Sluggish 跟 stagnant 都有「經濟蕭條」的意思。

The housing market has been very sluggish these past few years. 

過去這幾年房地産市場一直很蕭條。

In a sluggish economy, it is best to watch your spending and not take on unnecessary debt.

在經濟不景氣的狀況下，最好注意自己的支出，不要承擔不必要的債務。

I don't think the economy will recover soon. Everything at the moment indicates that it might remain stagnant for another while.

我不認為經濟會很快復甦，目前一切顯示經濟遲緩還會持續一陣子。

Nearly 50 percent of Americans are falling deeper into debt because of rising inflation. Cars, college, houses, and medical care have become steadily more costly, but incomes have been largely stagnant for two decades.

由於通膨上升，近 50% 的美國人負債累累。汽車、大學、房屋和醫療費用越來越高，但收入在過去 20 年基本停滯不前。

Upturn 通常指經濟、市場或任何情況的改善或上升。

The government's new policies are expected to cause an upturn in the economy by next quarter.

政府的新政策預計將在下一季度帶動經濟好轉。

After a long period of stagnation, the real estate market is finally showing signs of an upturn.

經過長時間的停滯，房地產市場終於顯示出好轉的跡象。

Ever since she changed jobs, there's been an upturn in her overall mood and outlook on life.

自從她換工作以來，她的整體心情和對生活的態度都有了好轉。

The new CEO's innovative approach led to an upturn in the company's profits within a year.

新任首席執行官的創新策略使公司的利潤在一年內實現了好轉。