多益單字字卡

動詞 pave 就是用混凝土(concrete)、瀝青/柏油 (asphalt) 或石頭 (stone) 等等非常堅硬的材料覆蓋在道路上。

The streets in this town are all paved with brick instead of asphalt.

這個小鎮的街道都是用磚而不是瀝青鋪成的。

The plaza is paved with granite tiles and multicolored interlocking concrete bricks. 

廣場舖有花崗岩瓷磚和互相交錯的彩色混凝土磚。

It's easier to shovel snow from your driveway after you pave it. Two of the most popular choices are asphalt and concrete.

車道鋪過後，從車道上鏟雪會更容易。兩種最受歡迎的選擇是瀝青和混凝土。

Paved (形容詞) = 有鋪柏油、水泥或石頭的

There are no paved roads here.

這裡沒有鋪砌的道路。

To pave the way for someone or something = 為...鋪平道路、為...創造條件

從「鋪柏油路」延伸而來，我們可以用 to pave the way 來比喻為了做某件事情前的準備，也就是中文常聽到的「為某事鋪路」，假設今天有人問你：Who has helped pave the way for you? How might you thank them? (這一路上誰幫助你鋪平了道路？你會怎樣感謝他們？)，你的回答會是什麼呢？

Her parents read her books from when she was little. They helped pave the way for her to love reading.

她的父母從她很小的時候就開始讀書給她聽。他們促成了她熱愛閱讀的特質。

The introduction of the News Feed in 2006 paved the way for Facebook to become the social media giant it is today.

2006 年推出的 News Feed 為 Facebook 成為今天的社群媒體巨頭鋪平了道路。

Her findings paved the way for developing a new vaccine.

她的發現為開發新疫苗鋪平了道路。

The discovery paves the way for the development of effective new treatments.

這個發現為開發有效的新療法鋪平了道路。

The deal is likely to pave the way for further corporate sponsorship of the event.

這項交易可能會促成進一步的企業贊助活動。

動詞 refurbish 和 renovate 都有「整修、翻新」建築物的意思 (他們的名詞分別是 refurbishment 和 renovation)，這兩個字經常交替著用，因為常聽到的 refurbishment 和 renovation projects 都是期望能夠將建築物恢復到原來的狀態，但還是有小小的區別的：refurbish 會著重在恢復功能性 (to improve the building's sustainability and energy efficiency)，除了用在翻修建築物，refurbish 也會用在電子產品 (electronics) 的主題; 而 renovate 通常是為了增加建築物的價值 (像是賣方會在出售房屋前翻修，提升屋況以期賣到好價錢)，而在不改變原始設計的情況下翻新，也因為原建築的佈局和結構 (layout and structure of the building) 幾乎不受影響 ，比起 refurbishment，renovation 工程期通常較短且預算較低，例句：

We renovated the kitchen two years ago.

我們兩年前翻新了廚房。

They decided to buy an old house and renovate it themselves.

他們決定買一棟老房子，自己整修。

Do you prefer properties that you can renovate yourselves or homes that are move-in ready?

你們偏好可以自行整修的房產還是可以立刻入住的房子？

He renovates old houses and sells them at a profit.

他靠翻修老房子再出售賺錢。

A couple bought an abandoned chateau and have spent three years renovating the place. The homeowner estimates they've spent $600,000 thus far on renovations.

一對夫婦買了一座廢棄的城堡，並花了三年時間翻新這個地方。 房主估計，到目前為止，他們已經在翻修上花了 600,000 美元。

The indoor swimming pool will be closed during renovation.

室內游泳池將在裝修期間關閉。

London's oldest operating public library will temporarily close from today at 6 p.m. until September 2022 to complete major renovation works.

倫敦最古老的現役公共圖書館將從今天下午 6 點開始暫時關閉。關閉直至 2022 年 9 月完成重大翻新工程。

First constructed in the 12th century, the church is in need of renovation to protect it from the ravages of time.

這座教堂始建於 12 世紀，需要翻新以保護它免受時間的摧殘。

If there are no disruptions, your home renovation will be finished this Friday.

如果沒有突發狀況擾亂行程的話，您的房屋裝修將於本週五完成。

The most important part of managing a home renovation budget happens before the build starts. The key is being super organized, and mapping out the whole project ahead of time. Make sure you go through your contract line by line before construction starts and clarify every detail of what the builder will be supplying.

管理家庭裝修預算的最重要部分發生在工程開始之前。關鍵是要超級有條理，並提前規劃整個項目。確保在施工開始之前逐行檢查合約，並細項了解建商將提供的部分。

Contractors in hard hats are supervising the demolition of the building.

戴著工地帽的承包商正在監看大樓的拆除工作。

Aircraft inspections are usually performed by the airline or an independent contractor.

飛機檢查通常由航空公司或第三方承包商進行。

I just got a call from our contractor. He's pushed back the move-in date yet again.

我剛接到我們承包商的電話， 他又推遲了入住日期。

The old factory was demolished to make way for a new parking lot.

為了騰出空間蓋新的停車場，舊工廠被拆除了。

The owner is unresponsive to repair notices so the authorities got a court order to demolish the building.

業主沒有回應維修通知，因此當局獲得了法庭命令，要求拆除該棟建築物。

One by one the old buildings in the city have been demolished and replaced with modern skyscrapers.

城裡的老建築一一被拆除，取而代之的是現代化的摩天大樓。

JPMorgan Chase announced on Wednesday that it would demolish its existing headquarters at 270 Park Avenue, and replace the structure with a shiny new 70-story building. 

摩根大通週三宣布，它將拆除其位於公園大道 270 號的現有總部，一座閃亮的 70 層新建築物將取代該建物。

Consent is required for the demolition of any building.

拆除任何建築物都需要取得同意。

Contractors in hard hats are supervising the demolition of the building.

戴著工地帽的承包商正在監看大樓的拆除工作。

動詞 refurbish 和 renovate 都有「整修、翻新」建築物的意思 (他們的名詞分別是 refurbishment 和 renovation)，這兩個字經常交替著用，因為常聽到的 refurbishment 和 renovation projects 都是期望能夠將建築物恢復到原來的狀態，但還是有小小的區別的：refurbish 會著重在恢復功能性 (to improve the building's sustainability and energy efficiency)，除了用在翻修建築物，refurbish 也會用在電子產品 (electronics) 的主題; 而 renovate 通常是為了增加建築物的價值 (像是賣方會在出售房屋前翻修，提升屋況以期賣到好價錢)，而在不改變原始設計的情況下翻新，也因為原建築的佈局和結構 (layout and structure of the building) 幾乎不受影響 ，比起 refurbishment，renovation 工程期通常較短且預算較低，例句：

The developers refurbished the house inside and out.

開發商把這座房子裡外翻修一新。

My boyfriend and I have just returned from a three-night stay at Fairmont Pacific Rim. The hotel has been recently refurbished and is simple but stylish. We had a lovely room overlooking the harbor.

我和我的男朋友剛從費爾蒙環太平洋飯店住了三晚回來。酒店最近剛翻修，簡約而時尚。我們有一個很棒的房間可以俯瞰海港。

Canada Air has purchased five more double-deck jets and has refurbished its existing airplanes to include seats with considerable legroom and computers with video and gaming features.

加拿大航空公司又購買了 5 架雙層噴射機，並翻新了他們現有的飛機，增加了腿部空間充足的座椅以及具有影片觀賞和遊戲功能的電腦。

To prepare for Universiade, more than US$100 million has been spent on refurbishing the 38 competition venues and 41 training facilities, including work on 10 soccer fields and a revamped Tianmu Baseball Stadium, which received a NT$120 million facelift.

為備戰世大運，(政府)斥資了逾 1 億美元整修 38 個比賽場館及 41 個訓練設施，工程包括了 10 個足球場及天母棒球場的翻新作業，耗資 1.2 億元新台幣修整外觀。

Refurbished electronics = 整修過後再重新販售的電子產品(價格比新機實惠)

如果你是果粉，應該知道蘋果官網會不定期推出「整修品」，就是通過蘋果檢修並進行測試和認證的產品，擁有一年保固，在價格上比全新產品要來得划算許多。對於那些買新機感到有點壓力的人可以說是最棒的二手管道。這裡的「整修的」就是用 refurbished 這個形容詞，來看一些實用的例句：

I bought a refurbished iPhone 11 as a gift for my sister. 

我買了一部 iPhone 11 的整修品送給姐姐當禮物。

The new smartphone costs $600, but you can get a refurbished one for $450.

新的智慧手機售價 600 美元，但你可以花 450 美元買到(一樣型號的)整修品。

All refurbished iPhone models come with a new battery, new outer shell, are backed by a one-year warranty, and are repackaged in a brand-new box with all accessories and cables.

所有整修過的 iPhone 機型均配備新電池、新外殼，提供一年保固期，並重新包裝在含有所有配件和充電線的全新包裝盒中。

The average carbon emissions of a smartphone over the course of its lifetime come to around 80kg, with 80% of that occurring during the manufacturing process. Buying a refurbished device rather than a new one means you're saving this huge chunk of carbon.

智慧型手機在其生命週期內的平均碳排放量約為 80 公斤，其中 80% 發生在製造過程中。 購買整修品而不買新機意味著你可以節省大量的碳(排放量)。

Please note the hotel spa is closed for refurbishment until 7 July 2023. (refurbishment = renovation)

請注意，飯店的 spa 中心因裝修目前關閉，關閉至 2023 年 7 月 7 日。

The modern art museum reopened in March 2020 after a major refurbishment, which included an expansion that provided an additional 50% of the gallery area.

現代藝術博物館在進行重大翻修後於 2020 年 3 月重新開放，其中包括擴建，這為博物館提供了額外 50% 的畫廊區域。

To undergo a refurbishment = 進行翻修

The museum has undergone a £15 million refurbishment.

耗資 1500 萬英鎊對博物館進行了翻修。

Over the past 18 months, the majority of the hospital wards have undergone a major refurbishment, including repairs to ceilings and floors and the installation of new windows.

在過去的 18 個月裡，大部分醫院病房都進行了重大翻修，包括修復天花板和地板以及安裝新的窗戶。

He fell from a fourth-floor scaffold in a construction accident and broke both his legs.

他在一次建築工地工安事故中從四樓的鷹架掉下來，摔斷了雙腿。

It's possible to weld stainless steel to ordinary steel.

可以將不銹鋼焊接到普通鋼上。

In China, videos are emerging on social media of officials welding the doors of apartment buildings shut, locking the residents inside during the coronavirus outbreak.

在中國，社群媒體上出現了官員焊接公寓樓門的影片，他們在新冠病毒爆發期間將居民鎖在裡面。

Welding = 焊接;鍛接 (不可數名詞)

An auto body technician may use different techniques and welding tools to complete individual jobs. Some auto body technicians may use welding to fix cracked vehicle panels, damaged fenders, welding exhaust on cars or rusted metal.

車體技術人員可能會使用不同的技巧和焊接工具來完成個別的工作。 一些車體技術人員可能會使用焊接來修復破裂的汽車面板、損壞的擋泥板、焊接汽車上的排氣管或生鏽的金屬。

Welder = 焊接工

Welders are often exposed to dangerous gases and particulate matter.

焊接工經常接觸危險氣體和懸浮微粒。

註: Particulate matter 就是我們常聽到的「懸浮微粒」。Fine particles 或是 particulate matter 2.5 比病毒大，比細菌小，又稱「細懸浮微粒」，我們肉眼是看不見的。這些 fine particles 會長時間飄浮在空氣中，深入肺泡，進入血管並隨著血液循環全身，對人體有害，例句：

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an air pollutant that is a concern for people's health when levels in air are high.

細懸浮微粒 (PM2.5) 是一種空氣污染物，當空氣中的濃度很高時，它會影響人們的健康。