多益單字字卡

如果你想特別指出地主是「房東太太」，可以用 landlady 這個字，但基本上 landlord 是性別通用的喔！

The landlord had promised to replace the musty carpets before we moved in.

房東承諾在我們搬進來之前會更換發霉的地毯。

Relocating to a new place is exciting, but before you pack up and move out of your current living space, you must deliver a notice to the landlord in order to fulfill the legal requirements of your rental agreement.

搬遷到新的地方是很令人興奮的一件事，但在你收拾行李要搬出目前居所之前，你必須向房東遞出通知，以履行租賃協議的法律要求。

Typically, when you've vacated the rented place and are ready to leave, you should contact your landlord to do a walk-through of the empty house or apartment. If the property is in good condition and nothing is damaged, you will get your security deposit back.

通常，當你騰出你的出租房並準備離開時，你應該聯繫你的房東，讓房東驗收清空的房子或公寓。 如果房子的狀況良好而且沒有任何損壞，你就能夠取回你的押金。

​How much interest are you paying on the loan?

你的貸款要付多少利息？

She pays 17 percent interest on the car loan because her credit wasn't the best when she purchased the car. 

她車貸的利息是 17% ，因為買車的時候她的(信用評分)不是太好。

To move in (to some place) 意思是「移動、遷入某個地方」，展開新的生活或是工作。​

We're definitely interested in the apartment. When can we move in?

我們很喜歡這間公寓，我們什麼時候可以入住？

I heard Alex and Alina are moving in together. I'm so happy for them!

我聽說Alex和Alina要同居了， 我很替他們高興！

The building has full laundry facilities with coin-operated washers and dryers in the basement. We ask all our tenants to provide an equivalent of two months' rent when they first move in. Any more questions?

這棟大樓的地下室設有全套洗衣設施，配有投幣式洗衣機和烘乾機。 我們要求所有租戶在首次入住時提供相當於兩個月的租金，還有其他問題嗎？

加上連字號(hyphen)後，move-in 就變成了形容詞，當我們說某間房子是 move-in ready，意思就是它不需要經過裝潢翻修，「立刻就可以入住的」：

The apartment sounds great. I mean, not only is it move-in ready, but it's exactly what we've been looking for.

這間公寓聽起來很棒。 我的意思是，它不但可以即刻入住，而且也正是我們一直在尋找的。

Move-in date = 入住日期

I just got a call from our contractor. He's pushed back the move-in date yet again.

我剛接到我們承包商的電話， 他又推遲了入住日期。

To move out (of some place) 意思是將個人物品「搬離、遷出」最近的住所或是辦公室、營業地等等。​

Have you ever thought about moving out of Taipei?

你有沒有想過搬離台北？

The neighbors to the south of us moved out and their place is now in foreclosure. I wonder what happened.

我們南邊的鄰居搬走了，他們家現在被法拍了。 不知道發生了什麼事情。

I had been living with roommates in a condo on the outskirts of the town. Last month, I decided to move out and start living on my own. I started searching in the newspaper for apartment listings and was constantly on the lookout for any vacancy sign outside of the apartment complex. 

我一直和室友住在城郊的一間公寓裡。 上個月，我決定搬出去開始自己生活。 我開始在報紙上搜尋公寓出租清單，並一直在尋找公寓大樓外任何空房出租的標誌。

Normally, the lease requires the tenant to give the landlord a 30-day notice to end the tenancy. In other words, if you are a tenant and want to move out after the lease term ends, you must give the landlord the notice 30 days prior to the termination of the lease term.

通常，租約要求要退租的租戶要提前 30 天通知房東。 換句話說，如果你是租客，並且想在租期結束後搬離租屋處，你必須在租期終止前 30 天通知房東。

Real estate 是不可數名詞，指的是「土地和(或)其上方的建築物」。​

I have had a piece of real estate that I wanted to sell for years.

我有一塊不動產，多年來一直想賣掉。

Buying a foreclosed home can be a good way to score a deal while hunting for real estate. However, it does come with risk. Many foreclosed houses have been poorly maintained and may have structural issues or mold damage.

在尋找房地產時購買法拍屋可能可以找到寶。 然而，它確實伴隨著風險。 許多法拍屋維護不善，可能會有結構問題或黴菌損壞。

Diversifying your investment portfolio is essential. If you put all your eggs in one basket, you could suffer a total loss in the blink of an eye. But when you invest some funds in the stock market, other funds in bonds or ETFs, and some in real estate, you increase your chances of higher earnings and fewer losses.

讓你的投資組合多樣化是至關重要的。 如果你把所有的雞蛋都放在一個籃子裡，你的投資可能會在一眨眼的功夫全都賠光了。 但是，當你將一些資金投資於股票市場，將其他資金投資於債券或 ETF，以及一些投資於房地產時，你就有機會獲得更高的收益並且減少損失。

Presale homes are a great way to get into the real estate market as a first-time homebuyer only needs to pay the deposits upfront and starts paying the mortgage after the presale property is fully built. 

想要進入房地產市場，(購買)預售屋不失為ㄧ個好方法，因為首次購屋者只需預付定金，並在預售物業完全建成後開始支付抵押貸款。

Rent 動詞名詞同形，作為名詞 rent 是指「租金」，特別有「定期繳交」的概念，像是房租就是固定每月每月地繳。​

How much do you pay in rent?

你房租多少啊？

My rent is $1350 a month inclusive of bills.

我的租金是每個月 1350 美元，包括(水電)帳單。

The building has full laundry facilities with coin-operated washers and dryers in the basement. We ask all our tenants to provide an equivalent of two months' rent when they first move in. Any more questions?

這棟大樓的地下室設有全套洗衣設施，配有投幣式洗衣機和烘乾機。 我們要求所有租戶在首次入住時提供相當於兩個月的租金，還有其他問題嗎？

動詞 rent 是指定期付費「租用」屬於別人的東西，像是租房子、公寓、汽車、機器設備、電視、相機，甚至是土地等等，租期長短通常會以「月」為單位(當然也有更短的，像是旅行時租車就會以「天」或是「週」為單位)。

為什麼要特別註明租期的單位呢？那是因為另外一個動詞 lease 翻成中文也是「租」的意思，乍看之下兩者差異不大，都是隔一段時間就要繳租金，但差別就在於「間隔」的長短。簡單的來說，rent 是指「每月」繳租，lease 大概就是「年繳」的概念。

They flew out to Boston and rented a car at the airport.

他們飛到波士頓，在機場租了一輛車。

From my personal experience, if you're in a position to stay at home and save towards your down payment, rather than renting, you're likely to get on the property ladder a lot quicker than if you move out, pay rent and try to save at the same time. 

根據我個人的經驗，如果你能夠待在家裡並儲存你的頭期款而不是租房，那麼比起你搬出去、付房租且同時間試著存錢，你登上房產階梯(買下你第一間房)的時間會更快一些 。

Summer is everyone's favorite season. Getting out on the water in a party boat can amplify the entire experience, and the good news is you don't have to own one to enjoy one. Though it may sound daunting at first, renting a boat is not so different from renting a car. You'll need to fill out some paperwork, prove that you're of legal age to be renting, and consider whether you want to purchase insurance coverage.

夏天是每個人最喜歡的季節。 乘坐派對船出海可以讓整個體驗更不同凡響，好消息是你不必得擁有一艘船才可以享受開船出海的樂趣。 雖然一開始聽起來可能令人生畏，但租船與租汽車並沒有太大的區別。 你需要填寫一些文件，證明你已達到租房的法定年齡，並考慮是否要購買保險。

換個角度想，我們也可以「出租」原本屬於自己的物品來換取報酬， 這時候就是用 to rent or to rent out something (to rent something out)： 

I rented out the extra room over the garage to a college student. 

我把車庫上方的額外房間租給了一名大學生。

If you are one of the many people who have an unused basement space, then you may want to consider turning it into a rental unit. Not only will the space be put to good use, but it could also provide massive payoffs. Before deciding to rent out your basement space, be sure to look into any legal issues within your state that may affect your ability to rent the space. 

假如你和眾多人一樣家中擁有未使用的地下室空間，那麼你可能可以考慮將其變成出租單位。 這樣做不僅可以充分利用空間，還可以提供巨大的回報。 在決定出租地下室空間之前，請務必查看你所在州內可能影響你出租空間的任何法律問題。

Condominium or condo，從外觀來看和我們比較常聽到、也比較熟悉的 apartment 是看不出任何差別的，基本上他們看起來就是一棟公寓大樓，他們主要的區別在於「所有權」，apartment 被定義為「出租」的住宅， condo 則是指大樓內個人擁有的單位(包含一些公共區域)，也就是説 condo 是「自有的」，而 apartment 是「出租的」。​

Condominiums are individually owned units in a building. When you own a condo, you'll be responsible for paying a monthly fee, collected by the condo association. This association manages all exterior and common area maintenance.

公寓(Condominium)是建築物中的個人擁有的單位。 當您擁有公寓(Condominium)時，你將負責支付每個月的費用給公寓協會。 該協會管理所有外部和公共區域的維護工作。

Hundreds of prospective buyers have inquired about the presale condominiums in New Westminster. 

數百名潛在買家紛紛詢問位於New Westminster的預售公寓。

With the strong economic indicators and high investors' confidence level, many new condominiums are currently under construction in that area.

強勁的經濟指標和投資者的高信心水平，該地區目前正在建設許多新的公寓。

Marco lives in a pricey downtown condo. Also, he has a 5,500-Sq-Ft vacation home in Palm Springs.

Marco住在市中心一個昂貴的公寓裡。 此外，他在棕櫚泉擁有一座5,500平方英尺的度假屋。

Housing 本身是不可數名詞，用來統稱多棟的房子公寓，或是指政府的「住房供給」。​

Taipei housing is so expensive that the average household would have to “neither eat nor drink” for over fifteen years in order to own a place. 

台北的房子太貴了，普通家庭要“不吃不喝”十五年以上才能擁有一間。

Since 2005, housing prices have more than doubled in Taipei. The average 30-ping (1067.4 sq. ft) apartment costs about USD $620,000. While Taipei has seen the most serious increases, prices are rising all over Taiwan.

自2005年以來，台北的房價翻了一倍以上。 平均 30 坪（1067.4 平方英尺）的公寓成本約為 62萬美元。 雖然台北的價格上漲最為劇烈，但台灣各地的價格都在上漲。

There is a universal shortage of affordable housing in urban areas to meet the needs of young families and socially disadvantaged residents.

城市地區普遍缺乏可負擔住房，以滿足年輕家庭和社會弱勢居民的需求。

The housing crisis of 2008 left millions of loan borrowers stuck in homes they could not sell because the value of their homes sank and their mortgage amounts were more than their homes were worth. This is a condition known as being “underwater”, sometimes called an upside-down mortgage.

2008 年的次貸危機使數百萬貸款借款人陷入無法出售的房屋中，因為他們的房屋價值縮水，房貸金額超過了房屋的價值。 這種情況被稱之為“溺水屋房貸”，有時也稱為倒置房貸。

「貸款」或是「申請貸款」這個動作可以用 take out + loan or mortgage 來表達，loan 就是貸款(可數名詞)的意思，mortgate 就是房屋貸款。​

He will have to take out a mortgage in order to buy the house. 

他必須要貸款才能買房子。

My dad had to take out a bank loan to start his own business.

為了開創他自己的事業，我父親不得不從銀行貸款。

I really don't think it's a good idea to take out a loan to buy a luxury car. You know what they say: a new car loses 20 percent of its value the moment you drive it off the lot. New cars lose value fast.

我真的不認為貸款買名車是個好主意。 你知道大家都怎麼說的：一輛新車在你開出停車場的那一刻就會貶值 20%， 新車貶值速度之快啊！

To make a mortgage payment = (按月)繳交房貸

I couldn't make my mortgage repayments so the lender repossessed my house.

我繳不出房貸，所以貸方收回了我的房子。

Once you get a mortgage, you will need to start paying mortgage payments each month to pay back your loan until it is fully paid off. 

房貸(撥款)下來後，你就需要開始每月支付房貸還款，直到全數還清。

They hope to pay off the mortgage soon. 

他們希望能盡快付完房貸。

不管是中小企業或大型公司需要增加營運資金，或是個人因為創業、投資、買車而有大筆資金需求，為了讓貸款條件更為有利，借款方會把資產(以個人來說，通常是房屋或汽車)作為抵押品(collateral)來申請貸款，這就是 to borrow/take out a loan against something 或是我們可以用 to put something up as collateral (Here something could be assets, your cars or houses, etc)，例句：

The firm's taking out a loan against its assets.

該公司申請了資產抵押貸款。

She used/put up her house as collateral for a loan.

她用自己的房屋作抵押來貸款。

Take out 的所有用法

1. Take out a insurance (購買保險;投保): I took out a travel insurance before I went abroad. (我出國前有購買旅遊平安險) 

2. Take out money from an account (從銀行帳戶領錢): I took out $100 from my bank account. (我從我銀行帳戶領出100元出來)

3. Take out a loan or a mortgage (貸款): I want to take out a mortgage. (我想要申請房屋貸款)

Property 這個字和與其相關的對話(買房賣方、租房、和房產經紀人面談等等)在多益測驗出現的頻率相當高，根據不同解釋，property 有可數名詞和不可數名詞的用法喔。​

1. 個人、某某機構、企業擁有的「財產」、「資產」是不可數的概念：

The library is public property.

圖書館是公共財產。

There are a limited number of paid lockers available inside the ski rental shop to store personal belongings. There are also a select number of cubbies located outdoors at the resort, available on a first-come, first-serve basis. We will not be responsible for the loss of personal property.

滑雪租賃店內提供數量有限的付費置物櫃，用於存放個人物品。 度假村的戶外也還有一些少數的置物櫃，先到先得。 對於個人財產的損失，我們概不負責。

2. 土地(地產)或建築物(房產)，或著兩者皆有的「房地產」:

Are you aware that you are trespassing on private property?

你知道你擅闖私人土地嗎？

The property had an appraised value of about $1 million in 2021.

該物業在 2021 年的評估價值約為 100 萬美元。

She owns several valuable properties in the bay area.

她在灣區擁有好幾處價值連城的房產。

My advice to first-time homebuyers is this—do your research on the property and the area before you put in your offer. Check your commute, what other properties have recently sold for, broadband coverage, how much tax you'll pay, etc.

我給首購族的建議是—在出價之前先對房產和周邊區域進行研究。看一下你的通勤(路線)、最近出售的其他房產、寬頻服務的覆蓋範圍、你將繳多少稅等等。

If you've been on the lookout for a new house, you've probably noticed that a 'south-facing' house or garden is often listed as a feature. The main advantage of a south-facing property is the amount of sunlight you'll enjoy. As the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, the south side of any house will see the most hours of sunlight during the day—especially in the Northern Hemisphere.

如果您一直在尋找新房子，您可能已經注意到“朝南”的房屋或花園通常被列為房子的特色。 朝南房產的主要優勢是您將享受到充足的陽光。 當太陽從東邊升起西邊落下時，任何房子的南側都會在白天看到最多的陽光—尤其是在北半球。

3. (formal) 某樣東西的「特質、特徵」，可數名詞但經常使用複數 properties：

Garlic has antibacterial properties.

大蒜具有抗菌特性。

Famed for its medicinal properties, garlic is also a culinary staple in most kitchens.

大蒜以其藥用價值而聞名，也是大多數廚房裡每天都得用到的食材。

It is true that marijuana has medicinal properties. For many seriously ill people, medical marijuana is the only medicine that relieves pain and suffering or treats symptoms of their medical condition.

大麻確實具有藥用價值。 對於許多重病患者來說，醫用大麻是唯一可以減輕疼痛和痛苦或治療其身體狀況症狀的藥物。 

To make an offer or to put in an offer (on a house) = (買房)出價

Why don't you call our agent and tell him we're going to make an offer.

不如你打個電話給我們的經紀人，告訴他我們要出價了？

This is a great neighborhood. I think we should put in an offer straight away.

這個社區很棒耶， 我覺得我們應該要馬上出價。

George put in an offer for a beach house, and after two days, the seller accepted.

喬治出價要買一座海濱別墅，兩天後，賣家接受了。

Realtor 和 real estate agent 中文翻譯都是「房地產經紀人」，兩個字也經常互換著使用，事實上Realtor 和 real estate agent 的工作內容是一樣的，若要細分，假如你的房產經紀人名片上印著Realtor，那就表示他是經過全國房地產經紀人協會(National Association of Realtors)認證的成員，因此你也可以這樣認定：所有 Realtors 都可以稱作是 real estate agents，但不是所有 real estate agents 都是 Realtors。​

Let's call the Realtor and tell her we're going to make an offer.

我們打電話給房地產經紀人吧，告訴她我們要出價。

A Realtor can help you find the right home, schedule the showing or open house, negotiate the price, and handle all the paperwork and details. 

房地產經紀人可以幫助您找到合適的房屋、安排展示或看房時間、協議價格並處理所有文書工作和細節。

A real estate agent is a professional who assists in buying and selling properties and has obtained a real estate license to do so. 

房地產經紀人是協助買賣房產並且已經考取房地產執照的專業人士。

補充一下：在美國買房子不一定要找買方經紀人(a buyer's agent)，但不論買房或賣房的交易都同樣複雜，過程中往往有很多細節需要注意和處理，再加上買方是不用付買方經紀人費用，買方經紀人的費用是由賣方來出的(也就是說買方經紀人 (a buyer's agent) 和賣方經紀人(a listing agent) 的佣金都是賣方要負責的)，因此大部分買房的民眾還是會找上經紀人，畢竟讓專業的人士代表自己更可以保護自身的權益。另外還有一種租賃經紀人(a rental agent)，他們的主要客戶是租客。

Listing agents work with sellers to list a home, while buyer's agents help aspiring homeowners search for properties. On the other hand, Rental agents work with potential tenants to find rental units within a given area.

賣方經紀人與賣家合作將房屋掛牌出售，而買方經紀人則幫助那些想擁有人生第一間房子的首購族尋找房產。 另一方面，租賃經紀人則與潛在租戶合作，在特定區域內尋找出租的物件。

(Aspiring homeowners = first-time homebuyers 首購族)

很明顯的，rental 這個字是從 rent 衍伸出來的，因此 rental 可以用來形容任何「可以被租借的」東西。除此之外，rental 也可以解釋為你租車、機器機台、運動設備等等的「租金」(租房子的「租金」我們比較常用另外一個字 rent)、或是指你「租來的東西」，像是出國旅遊要找到喜歡的 vacational rental 就得上網做些功課，出門在外你也可能會需要租車，租來的車可以說是 a rental car 或是更簡單的說 a rental，適用於以上的租用協議(a rental agreement)可是要睜大眼睛看清楚，免得爭議出現時勞神又傷心。​

The car rental is $270 a week. It includes unlimited mileage, but not fuel. You also need a valid driving licence.

租車費用為每週 270 美元。 它包括無限里程，但不包括燃料。 您還需要有效的駕駛執照。

(這裡的 rental 就是租這台車的「租金」)

The boat rental was exorbitant.

船的租金實在高得太離譜了。

Lovely new car! Is that yours or is it a rental?

哇好棒的新車！那是你的車還是你租的車？

Have you ever noticed that all rental cars have little barcode stickers on the windshield, the rear window, or at least one side window? The bar codes are placed in the windows so the rental car companies can scan the car when it goes in and out of the lot to keep track of it.

你是否曾經注意過所有租車的擋風玻璃、後窗或至少一個側窗上都貼有小條碼貼紙？ 租車公司將條碼放在窗戶上，如此一來汽車進出停車場時他們就可以掃描條碼來追蹤(庫存)。

In the summer of 2020, rental car companies across America sold their inventory due to the dramatic decline in travel. But now as the country returns to the patterns of pre-pandemic life, rental car companies no longer have the necessary supply of cars to meet consumer demand.

2020 年夏天，由於國人旅行量急劇下降，美國各地的租車公司都出售了庫存。 但現在隨著國家恢復到疫情大流行前的生活模式，租車公司的汽車供應量已無法滿足消費者的需求。

Your rental agreement will usually say how much rent you have to pay and when you have to pay it. If you don't have a written agreement, the amount of rent you have to pay will be what you agreed with your landlord. Note that your landlord might be able to evict you if you don't pay your rent on time.

你的出租協議通常會說明你必須支付多少租金以及何時支付。 如果你沒有書面協議，你必須支付的租金金額將是你與房東達成的協議(約定好的金額)。 請注意，如果你不按時繳房租，你的房東可能會驅逐你。

He had so many legal expenses that he had to sell the rental properties.

他有太多的法律費用要支付，因此不得不出售他的出租物業。

Square foot (複數是square feet) 是面積單位，在台灣，我們習慣用坪數來計算房屋的面積，美加等國家則是以「平方英尺」為單位。

假如大家有興趣，換算公式是 1 square foot = 0.0281坪，舉個例子來說，美國一棟 2000 Sq Ft 的房子就等於台灣的 56.2 坪，現在很多專攻單身族市場的 750 Sq Ft 單房小公寓(One-Bedroom Condo)就相當於台灣的 21.08 坪。

Marco lives in a pricey downtown condo. Also, he has a 5,500-square-foot vacation home in Palm Springs.

Marco住在市中心一個昂貴的公寓裡。 此外，他在棕櫚泉擁有一座 5,500 平方英尺的度假屋。

Prices in nearby developments are now closer to $600 and as much as $700 per square foot depending on proximity to the Fraser River, according to the developer.

據開發商稱，附近開發建案的價格現在接近每平方英尺 600 加幣，甚至高達 700 加幣，這取決於建案有多靠近菲沙河。

The room already had great natural light, but the existing furnishings were too heavy and dark, which made the space look way smaller than 750 square feet. My goal was to make it feel spacious by using bright, clean minimal décor. 

這個房間本身就有很好的自然光，但現有的家俱太重太暗，使得空間看起來比750平方英尺小得多。 我的目標是透過使用明亮、乾淨的簡約裝飾讓房間感覺寬敞些。

Extremely attractive and desirable, this luxurious two-story Modern Farmhouse style home has over 5534 square feet of living space. The floor plan includes 4 bedrooms and 3 full bathrooms and 2 half-baths.

這座豪華的兩層現代農場風格住宅極具吸引力，擁有超過 5534 平方英尺的居住空間。 平面圖包括 4 間臥室和 3 間完整的浴室和 2 個化妝間。

注：在國外，a half bathroom only has a toilet(馬桶) and a sink(洗手台)，通常會設置在公共區域或是經常出入的地方，方便來家裡的客人使用，至於 a full bathroom 就比較接近我們平時說的「浴室」，除了馬桶、洗手台之外還有浴缸(bathtub)

I bought a townhouse with concrete slab floors.

我買了一棟水泥地板的聯排別墅。

We are looking for a townhouse with its own enclosed yard or patio.

我們正在找附有封閉式院子或陽台的聯排別墅。

Chad had poured his life savings into his dream three-bedroom townhouse after renting his whole life.

過了一輩子的租屋生活，Chad將畢生積蓄傾注在他夢想中的三房聯排別墅裡。

Vacant 形容的是某物或是某個位置「沒有被占用」，比如說飯店沒有空房了，飯店的櫃檯人員會說: We don't have any more vacant rooms。

We don't have any more vacant rooms 

我們沒有任何空房了。

There are no vacant apartments in the building.

這棟大樓沒有空的套房可以租了。

The hospital has no vacant beds.

這家醫院沒有空的床位。

另外，vacant 也可以形容職位「空缺的」，例句：

The position became vacant when James resigned.

James離職後這個職位就空缺了。

The position will become vacant next year. 

這個職位明年會有空缺。

注：其實 vacant 這個字跟 available 是一樣的意思，上面的例句都可以用 available 來取代 vancant，不過 vacant 是一個比較進階的單字。

This property is just 5 minutes' walk from all of the local amenities, restaurants, and shops. 

這個物件距離所有當地公共便利設施、餐廳和商店僅有 5 分鐘的步行路程。

Hotel amenities include a complimentary full breakfast, sauna, steam room, free parking, a business center, and meeting space accommodating up to 80 people.

我們飯店娛樂設施包括免費全套早餐、桑拿浴室、蒸汽浴室、免費停車場、商務中心和最多可容納 80 人的會議空間。

In most cases, banks require homebuyers to put a specific amount of money down upfront to get a mortgage. The money that is put down upfront is known as down payment. 

在大多數情況下，銀行會要求購房者預先存入特定金額才得以獲得房屋貸款。 預先支付的錢就是我們所謂的頭期款。

To put/make a down payment (on a house) = 付頭期款

He put a 20 percent down payment on the house.

他付了房子20%的頭期款。

Most people want to get on a property ladder and become a homeowner after a couple of years of working and saving.  For most homebuyers, the most affordable way of buying a new home is to put a down payment and take out a mortgage from the bank.

大多數人都想在工作和儲蓄幾年後登上房產階梯並成為房主。 對於大多數購房者來說，購買新房最實惠的方式是支付頭期款並向銀行申請房屋貸款。

注：The property ladder 中文翻成「房產階梯」，指的是先買小房子或小公寓、然後再買更大或更貴一些的房子的一系列階段，想要一步步小屋換大屋，總是得先想辦法爬上房產階梯 = to get on the property laddert 或是 to get a foot on the property ladder，甚至我們可以用更強調的口吻説 to get one's foot on the first rung of the (property) ladder，這裡的 rung 就是梯子的一階，看更多例句：

I know we have to get on the property ladder sooner or later, but the down payment is such a huge expense. Are our finances good enough to take the plunge?

我知道我們遲早要登上房產階梯(遲早是要買房子的)，但頭期款是一筆巨大的開支。 我們的財務狀況是否能夠讓我們下這個決定？

From my personal experience, if you're in a position to stay at home and save towards your deposit, rather than renting, you're likely to get on the property ladder a lot quicker than if you move out, pay rent and try to save at the same time. 

根據我個人的經驗，如果你能夠待在家裡並增加你的存款而不是租房，那麼比起你搬出去、付房租且同時間試著存錢，你登上房產階梯(買下你第一間房)的時間會更快一些 。

Housing prices are currently at record levels nationwide, which means first-time buyers are now borrowing a much greater amount relative to their salary to get on the property ladder.

全國房價目前處於創紀錄水平，這意味著想要進登上房產階梯的首次購房者現在借的資金相對於他們的工資要高得多。

動詞 foreclose 是指(銀行)取消抵押品贖回權，光看字面解釋大家可能一頭霧水，我們用一個簡單的例子來理解：假設今天你的房貸 (mortgage) 沒有按照正式約定的期限歸還，銀行(債權人)便有權力收回你用向他們借來的錢購買的財產，因為 mortgage 本質上就是「抵押貸款」。

(動詞)

A home equity loan is a type of second mortgage that allows you to borrow against your home's value, using your home as collateral. Suppose your home is valued at $400,000, and your mortgage balance is $300,000. That's $100,000 you can potentially borrow against. However, using your home to guarantee a loan comes with some risks. What it means is that if you are unable to make the monthly repayments for a sustained period of time, there is a risk that the lender could foreclose on your house. 

房屋淨值貸款(增貸)是二胎房貸的一種，它允許你使用房屋作為抵押品，以房屋價值進行借貸。 假設你的房屋價值為 40萬美元，而你的房貸餘額為 30萬美元。 那就表示你有 10萬美元的額度可以增貸。 然而，用你的房子來擔保貸款會帶來一些風險。 這意味著，如果你無法在一段持續時間內每月還款，貸方就有可能取消你房屋的抵押品贖回權。

Ms. Specter has missed several months of mortgage payments and now her mortgage company has threatened to foreclose on her home.

Specter女士已經好幾個月位未支付房貸，現在她的抵押貸款公司威脅要取消她的房屋止贖權。

(名詞)

A foreclosure occurs when you fall too far behind on your mortgage payments and the banks repossess your home.

當你的房貸缺了太多期沒繳而銀行收回你的房屋時，就會有房屋止贖的情形發生。

Most people buy homes by taking out mortgages. Mortgages are secured loans. With a secured loan, the borrower promises collateral to the lender in the event that they stop making payments. In the case of a mortgage, the collateral is the home. If you stop making payments on your mortgage, your lender can take possession of your home, in a process known as foreclosure.

大多數人透過抵押貸款來購買房屋。 抵押貸款是有擔保的貸款。 通過擔保貸款，借款人向貸方承諾若是他們停止付款時，貸方便可擁有抵押品。 以房貸來說，這個抵押品就是房子。 如果你停止支付房貸，你的貸方可以在被稱為房屋止贖的過程中佔有你的房屋。

The neighbors to the south of us moved out and their place is now in foreclosure. I wonder what happened.

我們南邊的鄰居搬走了，他們家現在被法拍了。 不知道發生了什麼事情。

Many homes in this neighborhood went into foreclosure and haven't sold.

這個社區的許多房屋都被被法拍並且都還沒有賣出去。

除了上述的解釋之外，名詞 foreclosure 也有「法拍屋」的意思，或是你也可以説 foreclosed houses/properties，例句：

I just bought a house at a foreclosure auction.

我剛在止贖拍賣會上買了一棟房子。

Since banks are often eager to unload these foreclosed properties, you'll find them often sell for less than asking price—about 15% below the home's actual value.

由於銀行經常急於出售這些法拍屋，你會發現它們的售價通常低於要價—比房屋實際價值低了大約 15%。

Buying a foreclosed home can be a good way to score a deal while hunting for real estate. However, it's not without risk. Many foreclosed houses have been poorly maintained and may have structural issues or mold damage.

在尋找房地產時購買法拍屋可能可以找到寶。 然而，這並非沒有風險。 許多法拍屋維護不善，可能會有結構問題或黴菌損壞。

形容詞 furnished 是從動詞 furnish(=佈置傢具)衍伸而來的，意思是一個空間是「有配備傢具的」或是廣泛地指「配備齊全的」，在國外租房子的時候基本上你可以選擇 a furnished apartment 或是 an unfurnished apartment，他們的差別就在於有沒有附傢俱囉。​

The downside of renting a furnished apartment is that you will have no control over most of your décor. The look of the apartment is mostly determined by your landlord. With that being said, a furnished apartment does save you a lot of money upfront if you don't have furniture already.

租配有傢具的公寓的缺點是你無法控制大部分的裝潢。 公寓整體的感覺主要還是由你的房東決定。 話雖如此，如果你本身還沒有傢具，配有傢具的公寓確實可以替你節省很多前期費用。

Their house is expensively/luxuriously furnished.

他們把房子佈置得很豪華。

Lease 動詞名詞同形，名詞的中文解釋為「租約」，我們用 run and run out/expire 來表達租約的時長和到期的時間。​

The current lease still has 15 years to run.

目前的租約還有 15 年的時間。

The lease will run for 15 years.

租約將持續 15 年。

​

The lease expires in November.

租約11月到期。

The lease runs out in November.

租約11月到期。

來看個廣告和對話：

更多 lease(名詞) 的例句：

Before signing a lease, be sure to fully review what utilities are included and what are not.

在簽署租約之前，請務必全面審查水電煤氣哪些費用包括在內，哪些不包括在內。

We signed a two-year lease when we moved into the apartment.

我們搬進那棟公寓時簽了一份兩年的租約。

The company decided not to renew the lease on the office.

公司決定不再續租辦公室。

I took out a year's lease on an apartment on the Upper East Side.

我租了一套位於紐約上東區的公寓，租約是一年。

If there's language in the lease agreement you do not understand, it might be time to get professional assistance. There are numerous agents and legal counsel that specialize in representing tenants. 

如果租賃協議中有您不理解的語言，可能是時候尋求專業幫助了。 有許多代理和法律顧問專門代表租戶。

我們在 rent 的地方解釋過了，rent 不管是解釋為租金(名詞)、或是租借(動詞)，都帶有「定期」繳納租金以租用房子、車子等等屬於他人的資產，租約「間隔」相對於 lease 來說來會短一些，而這也會關係到兩者法律文件更新的頻率。例如，房東或汽車經銷商會和房客或承租人簽署所謂的 lease/lease agreement ，裡頭詳細記載支付金額以及付清時間。這是長期協議，不需要每個月都寫一遍，有效期可以是六個月或一年以上。至於 rental agreement 並不是一個長期合約，有效期一般是一個月，然後每個月更新。

動詞 lease 是指簽訂法律協議、定期付費「租用」屬於別人的東西，在雙方約定的時間段內付費方有權利使用土地、建築物、車輛、相機、電視或機器設備等等。

Lease 和 rent 兩者動詞的用法很微妙，你是承租的人 (to rent)(to lease from)，還是你是專門收租金(to rent/rent out)(to lease to) 的包租公呢？，少了或多了介系詞 to 可是差很多喔！

We have leased this house for the last five years.

我們租這棟房子已經租了五年有了。

I'm interested in leasing a blue convertible on your website.

我有興趣租借您網站上的一輛藍色敞篷車。

All of our computers and copy machines are leased from another company.

我們所有的電腦和印表機都是從另一家公司租來的。

The building was leased to a gym.

這棟大樓租給了一個健身房。

We leased the house to a young married couple.

我們把房子租給了一對年輕夫婦。

名詞 presale 的意思是「在提供給大眾之前私下出售的東西」，這包括了大家常常搶翻天的演唱會「預售票」、在新書上市之前的「預購書」等等，presale 在房產市場中也相當常見，a presale home 或是 a pre-construction home 就是所謂的「預售屋」。​

Presale properties can take up to four years to be built, giving buyers a larger time frame to fix up and sell their existing residence, save money for a down payment, and have a slow and comfortable move.

預售屋可能需要長達四年的時間才能建成，讓買家能有比較長的時間來整理和出售他們現有的住宅，存下一筆頭期款，並且可以緩慢且舒適地搬家。

Presales are popular with investors and other buyers because it allows these buyers to have the benefit of increasing prices without having to pay a mortgage, property taxes, maintenance fees, or deal with troublesome tenants. 

預售屋很受投資者和其他買家的歡迎，因為它可以讓這些買家無需支付房屋貸款、財產稅、維護費用或與麻煩的租戶打交道，就可以享受(房產)價格上漲的好處。

When purchasing a presale, the first step is to put a deposit down on the property. Typically, there is a small initial deposit due at the time of putting down an offer.

購買預售屋時，首先要先支付訂金。 一般來說，提出要約時就得先支付一小筆訂金。

Hundreds of prospective buyers have inquired about the presale condominiums in New Westminster. 

數百名潛在買家紛紛詢問位於New Westminster的預售公寓。

The store does a presale for everyone who has a Nordstrom credit card.

這家店舉辦了一場預售會給所有擁有 Nordstrom 信用卡的人。

Today is your last chance to catch the cheapest presale tickets for The Munich Christmas Market 2022. From 1 Dec ​2022 the ticket price will be more expensive.

今天是您購買 2022 年慕尼黑聖誕市集最便宜預售票的最後機會。從 2022 年 12 月 1 日起，票價將會變貴。

The publisher announced the release date of Mr. Martin's new book would be pushed forward to June 14 after it reached number 1 on Amazon for presales.

出版商宣布，由於在亞馬遜預購書排名第一，Martin先生的新書將提前至6月14日販售。

Presales of the book have skyrocketed.

這本書的預購量暴增。

Remortgage 是指房屋在已抵押申辦貸款後，屋主再向第二家銀行申請另一筆貸款，或是指更改你原本就有的貸款方案。​

(no object)沒有受詞的用法：

I'd like to remortgage at a lower rate.

我想要轉貸到利率低的銀行。

The truth is the economic environment that allowed consumers to borrow cheaply, remortgage quickly, and run up large debts has changed. 

事實上，當初那個讓消費者能夠以低廉的價格借款、快速二順位房貸和背負巨額債務的經濟環境已經改變了。

(+ object)後面接受詞的用法：

Chase decided to remortgage his house to pay off his debts.

Chase決定將他的房子做再次抵押來償還債務。

Remortgaging your house is a big risk if you're retired.

如果你退休了，拿你的房子去做二胎貸款是一個很大的風險。

Millions of homeowners have remortgaged their homes to take advantage of lower interest deals.

數以百萬計的屋主為了低利率優惠已經將他們的房屋轉貸了。

我們用 residential 來形容跟「居民」、「住所」有關的事物，比方說 a residential area (住宅區) 只會有私人住宅而沒有商辦大樓或工廠。​

I used to live in downtown Vancouver, but now I live in a quiet residential area in Victoria.

我以前住在溫哥華市中心，但現在我住在維多利亞一個安靜的住宅區。

根據交易對象來區分，房產市場可以分成住宅市場(residential property market)和非住宅市場(這一類就包括商辦空間、廠房、倉庫等等)：

The agency deals with residential and commercial property.

這家房地產仲介公司處理住宅和商業不動產。

The Taiwan government has spent years trying to cool a red-hot residential property market, but prices remain high in the most desirable markets, putting homeownership out of reach for many Taiwanese.

台灣政府多年來一直試圖為炙手可熱的住宅市場降溫，但在那些最搶手的市場，房價仍然居高不下，這使許多台灣人無法擁有房屋。

來看個廣告：

租房之前，為了確保雙方的權益，房東和房客必須簽署租賃協議(tenancy agreement)，簽約之前要特別注意合約生效期限、搬入時間、租金及繳納期限、提前解約的賠償金額、修繕責任的區分或是其餘額外限制，例如：可否開伙、養寵物等，可千萬別認為便宜就好喔！

A tenancy agreement outlines what the landlord and tenant have agreed to. Both parties must sign the tenancy agreement and the landlord must give the tenant a copy before the tenancy begins. This is a legally binding contract, so it's critical that it's completed accurately and carefully.

租賃協議書概述了房東和租戶同意的內容。 雙方必須簽署租賃協議，並且房東必須在租賃開始前給租戶一份副本。 這是一份具有法律約束力的合約，因此準確、仔細地完成合約是至關重要的。

A landlord and tenant agree on the amount of rent and when it's due at the start of a tenancy. The tenancy agreement must be clear about what's included in the rent.

房東和房客在租期開始時就租金金額和繳費期限需達成協議。 租賃協議必須明確記載租金包含的內容。

Normally, the lease requires the tenant to give the landlord a 30-day notice to end the tenancy. In other words, if you are a tenant and want to move out after the lease term ends, you must give the landlord the notice 30 days prior to the termination of the lease term.

通常，租約要求要退租的租戶要提前 30 天通知房東。 換句話說，如果你是租客，並且想在租期結束後搬離租屋處，你必須在租期終止前 30 天通知房東。

After a three-year tenancy, we were ready to move out.

租期三年約滿，我們準備搬家了。

The contract says that tenants who leave before the lease expires must pay a penalty.

合約規定租約到期前離開的租戶必須支付罰款。

Under the terms of the lease, the tenants have to pay for any repairs.

根據租約條款，租戶必須支付任何的維修費用。

The building has full laundry facilities with coin-operated washers and dryers in the basement. We ask all our tenants to provide an equivalent of two months' rent when they first move in. Any more questions?

這棟大樓的地下室設有全套洗衣設施，配有投幣式洗衣機和烘乾機。 我們要求所有租戶在首次入住時提供相當於兩個月的租金，還有其他問題嗎？

Presales are popular with investors and other buyers because it allows these buyers to have the benefit of increasing prices without having to pay a mortgage, property taxes, maintenance fees, or deal with troublesome tenants. 

預售屋很受投資者和其他買家的歡迎，因為它可以讓這些買家無需支付房屋貸款、財產稅、維護費用或與麻煩的租戶打交道，就可以享受(房產)價格上漲的好處。

I will pay the penalty to terminate the contract.

我會支付終止合約的違約金。

If the terms of the tenancy agreement have been breached, the landlord may choose to terminate the contract early and evict the tenant.

如果(租戶)違反了租賃協議的條款，房東可以選擇提前終止合約並驅逐租戶。

This subscription has been canceled and will terminate at the end of your current billing period. You will not be billed again.

此次訂閱已取消，將在您當前的計費周期結束時終止。 不會再向您收費。

This train will terminate at the next stop—passengers who wish to transfer to the Canada Line or West Coast Express should change trains. 

這列火車將在下一站終止 — 希望轉乘Canada Line或West Coast Express的乘客應在下一站換乘。

Typically equivalent to one month's rent, the security deposit is often used as a safeguard against the early termination of a tenancy agreement in Taiwan. 

在台灣，通常相當於一個月租金的押金，經常被用來當作是防止租賃協議提前終止的保障。