Картка словника TOEFL

Definition: A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations

Example sentences:

• There is a new openness by unions today to building alliances with community-based organizations and churches

Definition: distribution according to a plan; a share set aside for a specific purpose

Example sentences:

• Given the situation, if your asset allocation is 60 percent stocks and 40 percent bonds, you might lose 30 percent of your portfolio value.
• While economics is the study of the allocation of scarce resources, the online world is distinguished by abundance.

Definition: An incidental or secondary product made in the manufacture or synthesis of something else

Example sentences:

• Sugar cane fiber, a by-product of sugar manufacturing, can be made into paper.

Definition: An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Example sentences:

• Under capitalism all profit is ultimately the result of the exploitation of the workers

Definition:

Example sentences:

• It diverts the attention from real social issues only to, in turn, accommodate vile capitalistic policies.

Definition: to express approval

Example sentences:

• He supports gay marriage and has endorsed the idea of eventually granting legal citizenship to many of the undocumented immigrants in the country.
• Shareholders might look into executive reputations before investing, and well-known customers sometimes do that before buying from or endorsing the company.

Definition: sell or transfer abroad; commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country

Example sentences:

• It also said Japan as a whole was experiencing a decrease in consumer spending due to a decline in real incomes and exports.
• The country's economy has suffered because of falling prices for its commodity exports.

The noun "franchise" means a type of license that a party (franchisee) acquires to allow them to have access to a business's (franchisor's) proprietary knowledge, processes, and trademarks in order to allow the party to sell a product or provide a service under the business's name.

• He owns a franchise of a popular coffee chain.

• Buying a franchise can be a safer investment than starting a business from scratch.

The verb "franchise" means to grant a license to someone, allowing them to carry out specified commercial activities as an agent of a parent company.

• The company plans to franchise its brand to overseas markets.
  
  

The noun "franchising" means the practice of using another firm's successful business model. It refers to the system in which semi-independent business owners (franchisees) pay fees and royalties to a parent company (franchisor) in order to be affiliated with it and to use its name and system of doing business.

• Many entrepreneurs find franchising an attractive option because it allows them to operate under a well-established brand.

• Franchising can help a business expand more quickly and effectively across different regions.

• Before entering into a franchising agreement, it is important to understand all the terms and conditions involved.

Definition: The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale

Example sentences:

• Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon in human history that's been bringing the world closer through the exchange of goods and products.

Definition: Develop or be developed so as to make possible international influence or operation:

Example sentences:

• The moment the debate was publicized on the Internet, it was globalized.

Definition: Take in or contain (something) as part of a whole; Constitute (a company, city, or other organization) as a legal corporation:

Example sentences:

• Nine previously unreported markers were incorporated into the integrated map
• The defendant corporation was incorporated under, and subsists under, the laws of Ontario and has its head office in the City of Toronto

Definition: A point from which goods are sold or distributed

Example sentences:

• This is where the young hang out, in coffee shops, fast-food outlets, shopping malls and on the street itself.

Definition: Transfer (a business, industry, or service) from public to private ownership and control

Example sentences:

• As elsewhere in the Pacific, Australia is pushing for economic restructuring measures that include drastic cutbacks to government spending and privatisations.
• Another primary concern of the ANC government is the privatization of state assets

Definition: Transfer (a business, industry, or service) from public to private ownership and control

Example sentences:

• The postal officials reportedly supported Koso as an opponent of government plans to privatize postal services

Definition: (Of a business or activity) yielding profit or financial gain.

Example sentences:

• That profitability may attract the attention of other potential buyers.

Definition: A strategic alliance is an agreement between two or more parties to pursue a set of agreed upon objectives needed while remaining independent organizations. This form of cooperation lies between Mergers & Acquisition M&A and organic growth.

Example sentences:

• Partners may provide the strategic alliance with resources such as products, distribution channels, manufacturing capability, project funding, capital equipment, knowledge, expertise, or intellectual property. The alliance is a cooperation or collaboration which aims for a synergy where each partner hopes that the benefits from the alliance will be greater than those from individual efforts.

Definition: Make (an organization or system) more efficient and effective by employing faster or simpler working methods:

Example sentences:

• We want to introduce new efficiencies and streamline the service as much as possible,’ Mr McCarthy said.
• Internet stores have streamlined the process of finding, buying, and selling merchandise.