Questions 27-33
Look at the following
Statements (Questions 27-33) and
List of experts below below.
Look at the following statements and the list of experts below.
Write the correct number
A-C in boxes
Questions 27-33
on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
List of experts below
- Martin Rees
- Daniel Wolpert
- Kathleen Richardson
Choose A because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "He believed robots should remain no more than "idiot savants", lacking the capacity to outwit humans even if they become far better at calculation and information processing.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
He believed robots should remain no more than "idiot savants", lacking the capacity to outwit humans even if they become far better at calculation and information processing.
Choose C because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "Because robots have not proved to be a danger to people, she thought it unlikely that they ever would.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
Because robots have not proved to be a danger to people, she thought it unlikely that they ever would.
Choose B because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "Expecting a machine close to the creative intelligence of a human within the next 50 years would be highly ambitious.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
Expecting a machine close to the creative intelligence of a human within the next 50 years would be highly ambitious.
Choose A because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "Moral questions then arise: should we feel guilty about exploiting sophisticated robots, or worry if they are underemployed, frustrated or bored?". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
Moral questions then arise: should we feel guilty about exploiting sophisticated robots, or worry if they are underemployed, frustrated or bored?
Choose B because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "Since so much of our own planet remains beyond human reach, he argued, using robotic tools to gather resources nearer to home would be a more sensible priority.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
Since so much of our own planet remains beyond human reach, he argued, using robotic tools to gather resources nearer to home would be a more sensible priority.
Choose A because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "She added that not everyone fears robots; many people welcome machine intelligence.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
She added that not everyone fears robots; many people welcome machine intelligence.
Choose C because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "She added that not everyone fears robots; many people welcome machine intelligence.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
She added that not everyone fears robots; many people welcome machine intelligence.
Questions 34-36
Complete each sentence with the correct ending
A-D from the box below.
Write the correct letter
A-D in boxes 34-36 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
- robots to explore outer space.
- advances made in machine intelligence so far.
- changes made to other planets for our own benefit.
- the harm already done by artificial intelligence.
Choose C because it completes the sentence with the meaning given in the passage. The supporting evidence is: "To her, the language of colonisation sounded morally questionable.". The ending fits both the grammar of the question and the idea expressed in the passage.
Associated Text:
To her, the language of colonisation sounded morally questionable.
Choose B because it completes the sentence with the meaning given in the passage. The supporting evidence is: "However, no machine can yet identify visual objects or speech with the reliability and flexibility of humans.". The ending fits both the grammar of the question and the idea expressed in the passage.
Associated Text:
However, no machine can yet identify visual objects or speech with the reliability and flexibility of humans.
Choose D because it completes the sentence with the meaning given in the passage. The supporting evidence is: "The advantages of computers still outweigh the harm caused by viruses, and he expected the same pattern with robotics: although robots may be misused in the near future, their benefits are likely to be greater than the negative aspects.". The ending fits both the grammar of the question and the idea expressed in the passage.
Associated Text:
The advantages of computers still outweigh the harm caused by viruses, and he expected the same pattern with robotics: although robots may be misused in the near future, their benefits are likely to be greater than the negative aspects.
Questions 37-40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 37-40
on your answer sheet.
37. What point does Richardson make about fear of machines?
38. What potential advance does Rees see as a cause for concern?
39. What does Wolpert emphasise in his response to the question about science fiction?
40. What is Richardson doing in her comment about reality and fantasy?
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "It has increased alongside the development of ever more advanced robots.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Humans tend to personify inanimate objects: they build machines in their own image, imagine that machines think and act as humans do, and then regard them as autonomous threats.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "It results from our tendency to attribute human characteristics to non-human entities." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Humans tend to personify inanimate objects: they build machines in their own image, imagine that machines think and act as humans do, and then regard them as autonomous threats.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "It has its roots in basic misunderstandings about how inanimate objects function.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Humans tend to personify inanimate objects: they build machines in their own image, imagine that machines think and act as humans do, and then regard them as autonomous threats.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "It shows a key difference between human intelligence and machine intelligence.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Humans tend to personify inanimate objects: they build machines in their own image, imagine that machines think and act as humans do, and then regard them as autonomous threats.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
Humans tend to personify inanimate objects: they build machines in their own image, imagine that machines think and act as humans do, and then regard them as autonomous threats.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "Robots becoming more numerous than people.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "A further concern, he added, is our growing dependence on computer networks, which might behave like a single brain with a mind of its own and goals opposed to human welfare.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "Robots having abilities which humans lack.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "A further concern, he added, is our growing dependence on computer networks, which might behave like a single brain with a mind of its own and goals opposed to human welfare.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "Artificial intelligence developing independent thinking." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "A further concern, he added, is our growing dependence on computer networks, which might behave like a single brain with a mind of its own and goals opposed to human welfare.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "Artificial intelligence taking control of every aspect of our lives.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "A further concern, he added, is our growing dependence on computer networks, which might behave like a single brain with a mind of its own and goals opposed to human welfare.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
A further concern, he added, is our growing dependence on computer networks, which might behave like a single brain with a mind of its own and goals opposed to human welfare.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "How science fiction shapes our attitudes to robots.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "It has imagined a wide range of possibilities, from charming, helpful robots to dystopian robot societies, but almost no science fiction envisages a future without robots.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "How central robots are to the science fiction genre." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "It has imagined a wide range of possibilities, from charming, helpful robots to dystopian robot societies, but almost no science fiction envisages a future without robots.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "How the image of robots in science fiction has altered over time.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "It has imagined a wide range of possibilities, from charming, helpful robots to dystopian robot societies, but almost no science fiction envisages a future without robots.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "How responses to similar portrayals of robots in science fiction may vary.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "It has imagined a wide range of possibilities, from charming, helpful robots to dystopian robot societies, but almost no science fiction envisages a future without robots.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
It has imagined a wide range of possibilities, from charming, helpful robots to dystopian robot societies, but almost no science fiction envisages a future without robots.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "Warning people not to mix up one with the other.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "In some cases, she argued, different understandings must be brought together to create a fuller perspective.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "Outlining ways in which one has affected the other.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "In some cases, she argued, different understandings must be brought together to create a fuller perspective.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "Recommending a change in approach to how people view them." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "In some cases, she argued, different understandings must be brought together to create a fuller perspective.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "Explaining why scientists view them differently from other people.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "In some cases, she argued, different understandings must be brought together to create a fuller perspective.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
In some cases, she argued, different understandings must be brought together to create a fuller perspective.
