Questions 22-24
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.
Write your answers in boxes 22-24
on your answer sheet.
22. Mary's notes from the course on how to make a pinhole camera
23. According to Mary, a pinhole camera
24. According to Mary, the camera obscura was used to
The answer is C. (A) is partially true, but not the main point addressed. (B) is wrong, as her notes did not cover history and theory. (C) is correct because Mary says, "It was a very practical course and our tutor wants the presentation to cover the history and theory too, so I had to adapt lots of the information I had." This means she had to adapt her practical notes to fit the assignment requirements for her presentation.
Associated Text:
It was a very practical course and our tutor wants the presentation to cover the history and theory too, so I had to adapt lots of the information I had.
The answer is B. Mary explains, "basically a pinhole camera is a simple optical imaging device in the shape of a closed box. On one of its sides is a small hole, which, via the light that enters it, creates an image on the opposite side of the box." This means a pinhole camera is essentially a box with a small hole. (A) and (C) do not directly define what a pinhole camera is.
Associated Text:
Well, basically a pinhole camera is a simple optical imaging device in the shape of a closed box. On one of its sides is a small hole, which, via the light that enters it, creates an image on the opposite side of the box.
The answer is A. Mary says that the pinhole camera (camera obscura) was used as a drawing aid: "They were often used as drawing aids and they were also the basis for the construction of the modern camera." (B) is also mentioned but in relation to the original camera obscura room, not the box. (C) does not correspond to the information given for the historical use of the device.
Associated Text:
They were often used as drawing aids and they were also the basis for the construction of the modern camera.
Questions 25-30
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
History of the pinhole camera
The answer is natural environment. Mary says, "Images created via a small opening will be found in the natural environment and in everyday life." This directly answers what is similar to images produced by pinhole cameras.
Associated Text:
Images created via a small opening will be found in the natural environment and in everyday life, and people in various parts of the world have been observing them since ancient times.
The answer is shapes. The script says, "Aristotle in 4 BC was asking, without receiving any satisfactory answer, why the image of the solar eclipse passing through the leaves of a tree creates a crescent shape on the ground, and why sunlight passing through square shapes do not create a square image, but a round one instead." This directly refers to unanticipated image forms, or unexpected shapes.
Associated Text:
why the image of the solar eclipse passing through the leaves of a tree creates a crescent shape on the ground, and why sunlight passing through square shapes do not create a square image, but a round one instead.
The answer is straight lines. The script says, "In 10 AD the Arabian physicist and mathematician Ibn al-Haitham studied the reverse image formed by a tiny hole and indicated that light only travels in straight lines." This shows Ibn al-Haitham demonstrated the path of light as straight lines.
Associated Text:
In 10 AD the Arabian physicist and mathematician Ibn al-Haitham studied the reverse image formed by a tiny hole and indicated that light only travels in straight lines.
The answer is detailed description. The passage says, "But it was not until 1485 that the first detailed description of the pinhole camera was set down by Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci." This phrase directly matches the answer required.
Associated Text:
But it was not until 1485 that the first detailed description of the pinhole camera was set down by Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci, who used it to study perspective for drawing.
The answer is first photograph. The script states, "The first photograph taken with a pinhole camera was the work of Scottish scientist Sir David Brewster back in 1850." This indicates the historical event in question.
Associated Text:
The first photograph taken with a pinhole camera was the work of Scottish scientist Sir David Brewster back in 1850.
The answer is soft outlines. Mary says, "At this time, it was noted for the soft outlines it produced, as opposed to lenses, which generated perfect, sharp images." This contrasts the soft image from pinhole cameras with the sharpness from lens cameras.
Associated Text:
At this time, it was noted for the soft outlines it produced, as opposed to lenses, which generated perfect, sharp images.
Questions 31-33
Choose three letters A-F.
Write your answers in boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet.
To make a pinhole camera you need:
-
black tape
-
a lens
-
a matchbox
-
a sealed box
-
a piece of metal
-
a glass box
The answer is D. To make a pinhole camera, Mary says, "You just make a hole in one side of a closable box made of a material which doesn't let light in." This means a sealed (or closable) box is necessary. Option (D) matches this description.
Associated Text:
You just make a hole in one side of a closable box made of a material which doesn't let light in.
The answer is E. Mary says, "Then, place a thin piece of metal with a tiny hole over the opening." Thus, a piece of metal is needed to create the pinhole.
Associated Text:
Then, place a thin piece of metal with a tiny hole over the opening.
The answer is A. Mary explains, "On the outside of the box stick a strip of black tape over the opening, which acts as the release." Therefore, black tape is a required component.
Associated Text:
On the outside of the box stick a strip of black tape over the opening, which acts as the release.
