Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 27-30
on your answer sheet.
27. What point does the writer make about misinformation in the first paragraph?
28. What does the writer say about the role of technology?
29. What is the writer doing in the fourth paragraph?
30. What point does the writer make about regulation in the USA?
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "Misinformation is a fairly recent phenomenon.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Deliberate promotion, accidental sharing, strategic advantage, motivating action, and protecting relationships can all explain why misinformation spreads.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "Some people find it simple to identify misinformation.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Deliberate promotion, accidental sharing, strategic advantage, motivating action, and protecting relationships can all explain why misinformation spreads.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "Misinformation changes as it moves from one person to another.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Deliberate promotion, accidental sharing, strategic advantage, motivating action, and protecting relationships can all explain why misinformation spreads.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "There may be several reasons for the spread of misinformation." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Deliberate promotion, accidental sharing, strategic advantage, motivating action, and protecting relationships can all explain why misinformation spreads.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
Associated Text:
Deliberate promotion, accidental sharing, strategic advantage, motivating action, and protecting relationships can all explain why misinformation spreads.
(A) is correct. Choice A matches the question because "It may eventually provide us with a solution to misinformation." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "The same mass communication patterns that spread false claims may, over time, help provide ways to correct them.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "It could fundamentally change the way in which people regard information.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The same mass communication patterns that spread false claims may, over time, help provide ways to correct them.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "It has altered the way in which organisations use misinformation.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The same mass communication patterns that spread false claims may, over time, help provide ways to correct them.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "It has made it simpler for people to check whether information is accurate.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The same mass communication patterns that spread false claims may, over time, help provide ways to correct them.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
The same mass communication patterns that spread false claims may, over time, help provide ways to correct them.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "comparing the various opinions people have of misinformation", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "False beliefs are especially worrying when they are held by large groups, because they can damage health, social cohesion and political life.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "explaining how the effects of misinformation have shifted over time", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "False beliefs are especially worrying when they are held by large groups, because they can damage health, social cohesion and political life.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "outlining which issues linked with misinformation are significant today" is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "False beliefs are especially worrying when they are held by large groups, because they can damage health, social cohesion and political life.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "describing the attitude of policy makers towards misinformation in mass media", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "False beliefs are especially worrying when they are held by large groups, because they can damage health, social cohesion and political life.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
False beliefs are especially worrying when they are held by large groups, because they can damage health, social cohesion and political life.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "The guidelines issued by the FDA need to be made simpler.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The Food and Drug Administration monitors and notifies, and it supervises direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising through mechanisms such as the Bad Ad programme, which lets people report advertisements that appear to break rules about drug risks.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "Regulation does not influence people's opinions of new prescription drugs.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The Food and Drug Administration monitors and notifies, and it supervises direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising through mechanisms such as the Bad Ad programme, which lets people report advertisements that appear to break rules about drug risks.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "The USA has more regulatory agencies than most other countries.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The Food and Drug Administration monitors and notifies, and it supervises direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising through mechanisms such as the Bad Ad programme, which lets people report advertisements that appear to break rules about drug risks.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "Regulation does not prevent misinformation from appearing in the media." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "The Food and Drug Administration monitors and notifies, and it supervises direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising through mechanisms such as the Bad Ad programme, which lets people report advertisements that appear to break rules about drug risks.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
Associated Text:
The Food and Drug Administration monitors and notifies, and it supervises direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising through mechanisms such as the Bad Ad programme, which lets people report advertisements that appear to break rules about drug risks.
Questions 31-36
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in 31-36 on your answer sheet.
Use "G" because it is the exact word, phrase or option used to complete the question. The supporting sentence says: "Because people routinely encounter false information, it is important to know how and when they judge it.". This evidence names the idea needed for the blank, so the completed answer is logical and grammatically suitable.
Associated Text:
Because people routinely encounter false information, it is important to know how and when they judge it.
Use "J" because it is the exact word, phrase or option used to complete the question. The supporting sentence says: "Descartes and Spinoza offered different ideas about how people deal with information.". This evidence names the idea needed for the blank, so the completed answer is logical and grammatically suitable.
Associated Text:
Descartes and Spinoza offered different ideas about how people deal with information.
Use "H" because it is the exact word, phrase or option used to complete the question. The supporting sentence says: "Spinoza argued that people first accept information, then use a separate cognitive process to verify or reject it.". This evidence names the idea needed for the blank, so the completed answer is logical and grammatically suitable.
Associated Text:
Spinoza argued that people first accept information, then use a separate cognitive process to verify or reject it.
Use "B" because it is the exact word, phrase or option used to complete the question. The supporting sentence says: "Recent empirical evidence supports Spinoza's account.". This evidence names the idea needed for the blank, so the completed answer is logical and grammatically suitable.
Associated Text:
Recent empirical evidence supports Spinoza's account.
Use "E" because it is the exact word, phrase or option used to complete the question. The supporting sentence says: "People seem to encode new information as true, even if only for a very short period.". This evidence names the idea needed for the blank, so the completed answer is logical and grammatically suitable.
Associated Text:
People seem to encode new information as true, even if only for a very short period.
Use "C" because it is the exact word, phrase or option used to complete the question. The supporting sentence says: "This fits the observation that skepticism and perception rely on resources in different locations in the brain.". This evidence names the idea needed for the blank, so the completed answer is logical and grammatically suitable.
Associated Text:
This fits the observation that skepticism and perception rely on resources in different locations in the brain.
Questions 37-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
The answer is YES because the statement agrees with the passage. The key evidence is: "To persuade, corrective campaigns need audiences to comprehend them.". This evidence says the same thing as the question statement, so the statement is supported.
Associated Text:
To persuade, corrective campaigns need audiences to comprehend them.
The answer is NOT GIVEN because the passage does not give enough information to confirm the statement. The closest relevant evidence is: "The fact that some audiences may not recognise the risk also supports media-literacy teaching from elementary school onwards.". This may discuss a related idea, but it does not prove the statement in the question.
Associated Text:
The fact that some audiences may not recognise the risk also supports media-literacy teaching from elementary school onwards.
The answer is NO because the statement contradicts the passage. The key evidence is: "The route ahead will be long and difficult, not a singular one-time panacea.". This evidence gives a different meaning from the question statement, so the statement is not correct.
Associated Text:
The route ahead will be long and difficult, not a singular one-time panacea.
The answer is NOT GIVEN because the passage does not give enough information to confirm the statement. The closest relevant evidence is: "Today, however, technology allows information to reach vast audiences across the world very quickly, so the possibility of immediate and wide-ranging effects is greater than before.". This may discuss a related idea, but it does not prove the statement in the question.
Associated Text:
Today, however, technology allows information to reach vast audiences across the world very quickly, so the possibility of immediate and wide-ranging effects is greater than before.
