Questions 27-31
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.
- funding
- trees
- rare species
- moral standards
- control
- involvement
- flooding
- overfishing
- worker support
The answer is D because the passage states: To many observers, such firms appear to have no moral standards when profit is at stake.
Associated Text:
To many observers, such firms appear to have no moral standards when profit is at stake.
The answer is E because the passage states: Environmental harm is more likely where government control is weak and officials fail to regulate effectively.
Associated Text:
Environmental harm is more likely where government control is weak and officials fail to regulate effectively.
The answer is F because the passage states: It is also more likely where public involvement is low and consumers show little concern.
Associated Text:
It is also more likely where public involvement is low and consumers show little concern.
The answer is H because the passage states: Examples include overfishing in unmanaged fisheries and the destruction of trees on tropical rainforest land held under short leases.
Associated Text:
Examples include overfishing in unmanaged fisheries and the destruction of trees on tropical rainforest land held under short leases.
The answer is B because the passage states: Examples include overfishing in unmanaged fisheries and the destruction of trees on tropical rainforest land held under short leases.
Associated Text:
Examples include overfishing in unmanaged fisheries and the destruction of trees on tropical rainforest land held under short leases.
Questions 32-34
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 32-34
on your answer sheet.
32. The main idea of the third paragraph is that environmental damage
33. In the fourth paragraph, the writer describes ways in which the public can
34. What pressure was exerted by big business in the case of the disease BSE?
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "needs political action if it is to be stopped.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The public, directly or through politicians, can make destructive policies illegal and unprofitable while making sustainable policies profitable.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "results from ignorance on the part of the public.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The public, directly or through politicians, can make destructive policies illegal and unprofitable while making sustainable policies profitable.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "could be avoided through the action of ordinary people." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "The public, directly or through politicians, can make destructive policies illegal and unprofitable while making sustainable policies profitable.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "can only be halted by educating business leaders.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The public, directly or through politicians, can make destructive policies illegal and unprofitable while making sustainable policies profitable.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
The public, directly or through politicians, can make destructive policies illegal and unprofitable while making sustainable policies profitable.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "lessen their own individual impact on the environment.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The public, directly or through politicians, can make destructive policies illegal and unprofitable while making sustainable policies profitable.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "find out more about the impact of business on the environment.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The public, directly or through politicians, can make destructive policies illegal and unprofitable while making sustainable policies profitable.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "increase awareness of the effects of specific environmental disasters.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The public, directly or through politicians, can make destructive policies illegal and unprofitable while making sustainable policies profitable.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "affect the environmental policies of businesses and governments." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "The public, directly or through politicians, can make destructive policies illegal and unprofitable while making sustainable policies profitable.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
Associated Text:
The public, directly or through politicians, can make destructive policies illegal and unprofitable while making sustainable policies profitable.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "Meat packers stopped providing hamburgers to fast-food chains.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "When a major fast-food company repeated the same demands after hamburger sales fell, the meat industry complied within weeks.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "A fast-food company made their meat suppliers obey the law." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "When a major fast-food company repeated the same demands after hamburger sales fell, the meat industry complied within weeks.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "Meat packers convinced the government to reduce their expenses.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "When a major fast-food company repeated the same demands after hamburger sales fell, the meat industry complied within weeks.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "A fast-food company urged the government to introduce legislation.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "When a major fast-food company repeated the same demands after hamburger sales fell, the meat industry complied within weeks.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
When a major fast-food company repeated the same demands after hamburger sales fell, the meat industry complied within weeks.
Questions 35-39
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
The answer is YES because the statement agrees with the passage. The key evidence is: "The public must accept higher prices when they are needed to cover the costs of sound environmental practices.". This evidence says the same thing as the question statement, so the statement is supported.
Associated Text:
The public must accept higher prices when they are needed to cover the costs of sound environmental practices.
The answer is NOT GIVEN because the passage does not give enough information to confirm the statement. The closest relevant evidence is: "This view does not deny that businesses should act morally, but history shows that complex societies create regulation because moral principles have to be stated clearly and enforced.". This may discuss a related idea, but it does not prove the statement in the question.
Associated Text:
This view does not deny that businesses should act morally, but history shows that complex societies create regulation because moral principles have to be stated clearly and enforced.
The answer is NO because the statement contradicts the passage. The key evidence is: "My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish, a good guy or a bad guy.". This evidence gives a different meaning from the question statement, so the statement is not correct.
Associated Text:
My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish, a good guy or a bad guy.
The answer is YES because the statement agrees with the passage. The key evidence is: "In the past, businesses changed when the public expected and required different behaviour, rewarded wanted behaviour and made unwanted behaviour difficult.". This evidence says the same thing as the question statement, so the statement is supported.
Associated Text:
In the past, businesses changed when the public expected and required different behaviour, rewarded wanted behaviour and made unwanted behaviour difficult.
The answer is NOT GIVEN because the passage does not give enough information to confirm the statement. The closest relevant evidence is: "Future improvements in corporate environmental practice will likewise depend on changes in public attitudes.". This may discuss a related idea, but it does not prove the statement in the question.
Associated Text:
Future improvements in corporate environmental practice will likewise depend on changes in public attitudes.
Question 40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in box 40
on your answer sheet.
40. What would be the best subheading for this passage?
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "Can the world survive the threat caused by big businesses?", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Henry Ford discovered this in 1919 when shareholders successfully challenged his decision to raise workers' wages, and the court held that the company existed to make profits for its stockholders.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "How can big businesses be encouraged to be less motivated by profit?", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Henry Ford discovered this in 1919 when shareholders successfully challenged his decision to raise workers' wages, and the court held that the company existed to make profits for its stockholders.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "What environmental risks are caused by the greed of businesses?", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Henry Ford discovered this in 1919 when shareholders successfully challenged his decision to raise workers' wages, and the court held that the company existed to make profits for its stockholders.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "Should big businesses be blamed for the damage they cause the environment?" is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Henry Ford discovered this in 1919 when shareholders successfully challenged his decision to raise workers' wages, and the court held that the company existed to make profits for its stockholders.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
Associated Text:
Henry Ford discovered this in 1919 when shareholders successfully challenged his decision to raise workers' wages, and the court held that the company existed to make profits for its stockholders.
