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IELTSAcademic ReadingPráctica33

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This reading practice simulates one part of the IELTS General Reading test. You should spend about twenty minutes on it. Read the passage and answer questions 27-40.

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How to make wise decisionsIn many cultures, wisdom has long been regarded as one of the highest human qualities. The truly wise may appear to be rare, but empirical studies of wisdom indicate that it is not simply an unusual trait belonging to a few bearded philosophers. Instead, recent research sug...
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Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write your answers in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.

27. What point does the writer make in the first paragraph?

28. What does Igor Grossmann suggest about the ability to make wise decisions?

29. According to the third paragraph, Grossmann claims that the level of wisdom an individual shows

30. What is described in the fifth paragraph?

(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "Wisdom seems to be unique to the human race.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The truly wise may appear to be rare, but empirical studies of wisdom indicate that it is not simply an unusual trait belonging to a few bearded philosophers.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "A basic belief about wisdom may be wrong." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "The truly wise may appear to be rare, but empirical studies of wisdom indicate that it is not simply an unusual trait belonging to a few bearded philosophers.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.

(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "Ideas of wisdom may depend on the society we belong to.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The truly wise may appear to be rare, but empirical studies of wisdom indicate that it is not simply an unusual trait belonging to a few bearded philosophers.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "There is still a lot to be discovered about the nature of wisdom.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "The truly wise may appear to be rare, but empirical studies of wisdom indicate that it is not simply an unusual trait belonging to a few bearded philosophers.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

Associated Text:
The truly wise may appear to be rare, but empirical studies of wisdom indicate that it is not simply an unusual trait belonging to a few bearded philosophers.

(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "It can differ greatly from one person to another.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Instead, recent research suggests that most people can make wise decisions if the context is right.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "Earlier research into it relied on unreliable data.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Instead, recent research suggests that most people can make wise decisions if the context is right.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "The importance of certain influences on it was undervalued." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Instead, recent research suggests that most people can make wise decisions if the context is right.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.

(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "Various branches of psychology define it by their own criteria.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Instead, recent research suggests that most people can make wise decisions if the context is right.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

Associated Text:
Instead, recent research suggests that most people can make wise decisions if the context is right.

(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "can be higher than they think it is.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Wisdom is not only an inner quality; it develops according to the situations people find themselves in, and some situations are more likely than others to encourage it.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "will differ in different circumstances." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Wisdom is not only an inner quality; it develops according to the situations people find themselves in, and some situations are more likely than others to encourage it.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.

(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "may be shaped by particular aspects of their personality.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Wisdom is not only an inner quality; it develops according to the situations people find themselves in, and some situations are more likely than others to encourage it.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "should develop over time because of their life experiences.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Wisdom is not only an inner quality; it develops according to the situations people find themselves in, and some situations are more likely than others to encourage it.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

Associated Text:
Wisdom is not only an inner quality; it develops according to the situations people find themselves in, and some situations are more likely than others to encourage it.

(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "a problem encountered when attempting to reason wisely", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Finally, wise reasoning involves compromise, or the integration of different attitudes and beliefs.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "an example of the kind of person who is likely to reason wisely", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Finally, wise reasoning involves compromise, or the integration of different attitudes and beliefs.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "a disputed view about the benefits of reasoning wisely", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Finally, wise reasoning involves compromise, or the integration of different attitudes and beliefs.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.

(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "a suggested strategy that can help people to reason wisely" is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Finally, wise reasoning involves compromise, or the integration of different attitudes and beliefs.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.

Associated Text:
Finally, wise reasoning involves compromise, or the integration of different attitudes and beliefs.

Questions 31-35
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.
  1. opinions
  2. confidence
  3. view
  4. modesty
  5. problems
  6. objectivity
  7. fairness
  8. experiences
  9. range J reasons

The characteristics of wise reasoning

Igor Grossmann and colleagues have established four characteristics which enable us to make wise decisions. It is important to have a certain degree of (31) regarding the extent of our knowledge, and to take into account (32) which may not be the same as our own. We should also be able to take a broad (33) of any situation. Another key characteristic is being aware of the likelihood of alterations in the way that people relate to each other. Grossmann also believes that it is better to regard scenarios with (34) By avoiding the first-person perspective, we focus more on (35) and on other moral ideals, which in turn leads to wiser decision-making.

Use D, "modesty", because the passage names intellectual modesty as a feature of wise reasoning.

Associated Text:
The first is intellectual modesty, or recognising the limits of what we know.

Use A, "opinions", because the passage says wise reasoning attends to opinions and broader perspectives.

Associated Text:
A second is attention to opinions and perspectives broader than the immediate issue.

Use C, "view", because the passage says it is important to take a broad view of any situation.

Associated Text:
It is also important to take a broad view of any situation and to be sensitive to the possibility that social relationships may change.

Use F, "objectivity", because the passage says we can assess experiences from different perspectives and with greater objectivity.

Associated Text:
Grossmann argues that even when we cannot alter the situation itself, we can still assess our experiences from different perspectives and with greater objectivity.

Use G, "fairness", because the passage says the observer viewpoint increases attention to moral ideals such as fairness.

Associated Text:
Research indicates that when people use a first-person viewpoint they concentrate on the immediate features of the environment, whereas a third-person observer viewpoint encourages broader reasoning and greater attention to interpersonal and moral ideals such as fairness and impartiality.

Questions 36-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE   if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE   if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN   if there is no information on this.

36. Students taking part in the job prospects experiment could choose one of two perspectives to take.

37. Participants in the couples experiment knew that they were taking part in a study about wise reasoning.

38. In the couples experiments, the length of the couples' relationships had an effect on the results.

39. In both experiments, the participants who looked at the situation from a more distant viewpoint tended to make wiser decisions.

40. Grossmann thinks that a person's wisdom is determined by their intelligence to only a very limited extent.

The answer is FALSE because the statement contradicts the passage. The key evidence is: "The students were instructed either to imagine their career as though they were distant observers or to picture it before their own eyes as if they were present.". This evidence gives a different meaning from the question statement, so the statement is not correct.

Associated Text:
The students were instructed either to imagine their career as though they were distant observers or to picture it before their own eyes as if they were present.

The answer is NOT GIVEN because the passage does not give enough information to confirm the statement. The closest relevant evidence is: "Couples in the outsider's-eyes condition were significantly more likely than those in the egocentric condition to use wise reasoning, including recognising other perspectives and seeking compromise.". This may discuss a related idea, but it does not prove the statement in the question.

Associated Text:
Couples in the outsider's-eyes condition were significantly more likely than those in the egocentric condition to use wise reasoning, including recognising other perspectives and seeking compromise.

The answer is NOT GIVEN because the passage does not give enough information to confirm the statement. The closest relevant evidence is: "Another study involved couples in long-term romantic relationships.". This may discuss a related idea, but it does not prove the statement in the question.

Associated Text:
Another study involved couples in long-term romantic relationships.

The answer is TRUE because the statement agrees with the passage. The key evidence is: "Those assigned to the distant-observer role showed more wisdom-related reasoning, including intellectual modesty and awareness of change, than participants in the control group.". This evidence says the same thing as the question statement, so the statement is supported.

Associated Text:
Those assigned to the distant-observer role showed more wisdom-related reasoning, including intellectual modesty and awareness of change, than participants in the control group.

The answer is TRUE because the statement agrees with the passage. The key evidence is: "Couples in the outsider's-eyes condition were significantly more likely than those in the egocentric condition to use wise reasoning, including recognising other perspectives and seeking compromise.". This evidence says the same thing as the question statement, so the statement is supported.

Associated Text:
Couples in the outsider's-eyes condition were significantly more likely than those in the egocentric condition to use wise reasoning, including recognising other perspectives and seeking compromise.

Answer Sheet
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11
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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31
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40
Resumen de puntuaciones
0 / 1
Multiple Choice
Matching Sentence Endings
Note Completion
Table Completion
Flow Chart Completion
Summary Completion
Multiple Selection
Short Answer
Matching Headings
Matching Features
Matching Information
Identifying Information
Identifying Viewer Claims
Sentence Completion
Diagram Labelling
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Tips to improve your reading speed
To get a high score on the IELTS reading section, you need to have a fast reading speed. To have a fast reading speed, you need to improve your vocabulary and practice dissecting sentences. One strategy to dissect a sentence is to look for the subject and verb of the sentence. Finding the subject and verb will help you better understand the main idea of said sentence. Keep in mind, a common feature of a IELTS reading passage is to join strings of ideas to form long compound sentences. This produces large chunks that students have a hard time absorbing. Do not get overwhelmed by its length, just look for the subject and verb, the rest of the ideas will flow.

Keep in mind, having a slow reading speed makes skimming or scanning a reading passage more difficult. The process of quickly skimming through a reading passage for specific keywords or main ideas is a requirement for you to employ successful reading strategies to improve your IELTS reading score. In other words, skimming and scanning are critical skills to ensure you complete all questions in the allotted time frame.
IELTS Reading Strategies
Once you can read and comprehend a passage with a rate of, at least, 220 words per minute, you'll be ready to start implementing our strategies. All too often, students spend too much time reading the passages and not enough time answering the questions. Here is a step by step guide for tackling the reading section.

  1. Step 1: Read questions first

    One of the most common mistakes that candidates make when approaching the reading exam is reading every single word of the passages. Although you can practice for the exam by reading for pleasure, "reading blindly" (reading without any sense of what the questions will ask) will not do you any favors in the exam. Instead, it will hurt your chances for effectively managing your time and getting the best score.

    The main reason to read the questions first is because the type of question may determine what you read in the passage or how you read it. For example, some question types will call for the "skimming" technique, while others may call for the "scanning" technique.

    It is important to answer a set of questions that are of the same question type. You'll need to determine which question type you want to tackle first. A good strategy would be to start with the easier question type and move on to more difficult question types later. The Easiest question types are the ones where you spend less time reading. For example, the Matching Heading question type is an easier one because you only need to find the heading that best describes the main idea of a paragraph. An example of a difficult question type would be Identifying Information. For this question type, you'll need to read each paragraph to find out if each statement is TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN according to the passage.

    Here is a table that lists the difficulty levels for each question type. Use this table as a reference when choosing which question type you want to tackle first.

    Difficulty level Question Type
    Easy Sentence Completion
    Short answer
    Medium Matching Features
    Multiple choice
    Matching Headings
    Summary, Table, Flow-Chart Completion
    Difficult Matching Sentence Endings
    Matching Information
    Identifying Information (TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)
    Identifying Viewer's claims (YES/NO/NOT GIVEN)

  2. Step 2: Read for an objective

    After you've read the questions for the passage, you will be able to read for an objective. What does this mean? For example, if you come across a question that includes the year "1896", you can make a note of when this year comes up in the text, using it to answer the question later on. There are two reading techniques that will help you stay on track with reading for an objective. The first one, skimming, is best defined as reading fast in order to get the "gist", or general idea, or a passage. With this technique, you are not stopping for any unfamiliar words or looking for specific details. The second technique, scanning, is best defined as reading for specific information. With this technique, you are not reading for the overall gist, but rather, specific information. Notice how each of these techniques has a specific objective in mind. This will help you find information more quickly.

  3. Step 3: Take notes

    As you're reading for an objective, you should also be making notes on the margins of the passage, placing stars next to key information, or underlining things that you believe will help you answer the various questions. This will make it easier for you to check back when you are asked certain things in the questions. Choose whichever note-taking system is right for you - just make sure you do it!

  4. Step 4: Answer wisely

    After you've read the questions, read the passage, and have taken any appropriate notes, you you should have located the part of the text where you where you need to read carefully. Then just read carefully and think critically to determine the correct answer.

IELTS Reading Question Types

The IELTS reading test contains many different question types:

Matching HeadingsIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Headings
Matching InformationIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Information
Matching FeaturesIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Features
Summary CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Summary Completion
Identifying InformationIELTS Reading Lesson: Identifying Information
Identifying Writer's claimsIELTS Reading Lesson: Identifying Writer's claims
Multiple ChoiceIELTS Reading Lesson: Multiple Choice
Short AnswerIELTS Reading Lesson: Short Answer
Match Sentence EndingIELTS Reading Lesson: Match Sentence Ending
Sentence CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Sentence Completion
Table CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Table Completion
 
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