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IELTSAcademic ReadingGyakorlás11

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This reading practice simulates one part of the IELTS General Reading test. You should spend about twenty minutes on it. Read the passage and answer questions 14-26.

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Saving bugs to find new drugsA A surprisingly large number of medicines come from, or have been modelled on, compounds made by living organisms. Humans have turned to nature to relieve and treat illness for many thousands of years. Other primates show why this tradition is likely to be ancient: capu...
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Questions 14-20
The reading passage has seven paragraphs labelled A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

14. reference to factors driving a renewed interest in natural medicinal compounds

15. how recent technological progress have made insect research easier

16. instances of animals which use medicinal substances from nature

17. reasons that it is challenging to use insects in drug research

18. mention of how interest in drug research may benefit wildlife

19. a reason why nature-based medicines became less popular for a period

20. an example of an insect-derived medicine in employ at the moment

Choose paragraph C because this paragraph contains the information requested in "reference to factors driving a renewed interest in natural medicinal compounds". The supporting sentence is: "Genome mining now allows researchers to search living organisms for useful compounds, revealing that science has explored only a small part of nature's molecular diversity.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph C is the best location.

Associated Text:
Genome mining now allows researchers to search living organisms for useful compounds, revealing that science has explored only a small part of nature's molecular diversity.

Choose paragraph H because this paragraph contains the information requested in "how recent technological progress have made insect research easier". The supporting sentence is: "Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph H is the best location.

Associated Text:
Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.

Choose paragraph A because this paragraph contains the information requested in "instances of animals which use medicinal substances from nature". The supporting sentence is: "Other primates show why this tradition is likely to be ancient: capuchin monkeys rub their bodies with millipedes that release toxins to keep mosquitoes away, while chimpanzees eat harsh forest plants to remove intestinal parasites.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph A is the best location.

Associated Text:
Other primates show why this tradition is likely to be ancient: capuchin monkeys rub their bodies with millipedes that release toxins to keep mosquitoes away, while chimpanzees eat harsh forest plants to remove intestinal parasites.

Choose paragraph F because this paragraph contains the information requested in "reasons that it is challenging to use insects in drug research". The supporting sentence is: "Second, insects are usually small, and the glands that produce potentially useful compounds are smaller still, so obtaining enough material for testing can be difficult.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph F is the best location.

Associated Text:
Second, insects are usually small, and the glands that produce potentially useful compounds are smaller still, so obtaining enough material for testing can be difficult.

Choose paragraph I because this paragraph contains the information requested in "mention of how interest in drug research may benefit wildlife". The supporting sentence is: "Piper's main reason for studying insects in this way is conservation, even though he would welcome the chance to help develop a groundbreaking insect-derived drug.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph I is the best location.

Associated Text:
Piper's main reason for studying insects in this way is conservation, even though he would welcome the chance to help develop a groundbreaking insect-derived drug.

Choose paragraph B because this paragraph contains the information requested in "a reason why nature-based medicines became less popular for a period". The supporting sentence is: "This happened largely because useful natural compounds, although abundant, are hard to locate and exploit.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph B is the best location.

Associated Text:
This happened largely because useful natural compounds, although abundant, are hard to locate and exploit.

Choose paragraph E because this paragraph contains the information requested in "an example of an insect-derived medicine in employ at the moment". The supporting sentence is: "Alloferon, for instance, is an antimicrobial compound made by blow fly larvae and is used in South Korea and Russia as an antiviral and antitumor agent.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph E is the best location.

Associated Text:
Alloferon, for instance, is an antimicrobial compound made by blow fly larvae and is used in South Korea and Russia as an antiviral and antitumor agent.

Questions 21-22
Choose two letters A-E.

Write your answers in boxes 21-22 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?
  1. the enormous quantity of individual insects worldwide
  2. the range of compounds insects have evolved for self-protection
  3. the possibility of extracting and using insects' genetic codes
  4. the resemblance between different insect species
  5. the convenient size of most insects

21

22

(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "the enormous quantity of individual insects worldwide", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice A as one of the two required statements.

(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "the range of compounds insects have evolved for self-protection" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?".

(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "the possibility of extracting and using insects' genetic codes" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?".

(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "the resemblance between different insect species", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice D as one of the two required statements.

(E) is incorrect. Choice E says "the convenient size of most insects", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice E as one of the two required statements.

Associated Text:
Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence.

(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "the enormous quantity of individual insects worldwide", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice A as one of the two required statements.

(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "the range of compounds insects have evolved for self-protection" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?".

(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "the possibility of extracting and using insects' genetic codes" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?".

(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "the resemblance between different insect species", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice D as one of the two required statements.

(E) is incorrect. Choice E says "the convenient size of most insects", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice E as one of the two required statements.

Associated Text:
Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.

Questions 23-26
Complete the summary below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in 23-26 on your answer sheet.

Research at Aberystwyth University

At Aberystwyth University, Ross Piper's zoology team applies its (23) expertise to insect bioprospecting. They are especially interested in compounds insects produce to overpower and preserve their (24) and in substances insects use in their (25) to defend against disease-causing microbes and fungi. Piper hopes these compounds will help create drugs such as (26).

Virtually every child, the world over, plays. The drive to play is so intense that children will do so in any circumstances, for instance when they have no real toys, or when parents do not actively encourage the behavior. In the eyes of a young child, running, pretending, and building are fun. Researchers and educators know that these playful activities benefit the development of the whole child across social, cognitive, physical, and emotional domains. Indeed, play is such an instrumental component to healthy child development that the United Nations High Commission on Human Rights (1989) recognized play as a fundamental right of every child.

Yet, while experts continue to expound a powerful argument for the importance of play in children's lives, the actual time children spend playing continues to decrease. Today, children play eight hours less each week than their counterparts did two decades ago (Elkind 2008). Under pressure of rising academic standards, play is being replaced by test preparation in kindergartens and grade schools, and parents who aim to give their preschoolers a leg up are led to believe that flashcards and educational 'toys' are the path to success. Our society has created a false dichotomy between play and learning.

Through play, children learn to regulate their behavior, lay the foundations for later learning in science and mathematics, figure out the complex negotiations of social relationships, build a repertoire of creative problem-solving skills, and so much more. There is also an important role for adults in guiding children through playful learning opportunities.

Full consensus on a formal definition of play continues to elude the researchers and theorists who study it. Definitions range from discrete descriptions of various types of play such as physical, construction, language, or symbolic play (Miller & Almon 2009), to lists of broad criteria, based on observations and attitudes, that are meant to capture the essence of all play behaviors (e.g. Rubin et al. 1983).

Use "ecology" because Piper and his colleagues use this knowledge to guide their search.

Associated Text:
Many species are rarely found and are hard to rear in captivity, again leaving researchers without enough material. G Ross Piper and fellow zoologists at Aberystwyth University in the UK use knowledge of ecology to guide their search.

Use "prey" because the insects use poisons to subdue and preserve prey.

Associated Text:
They are especially interested in insects that release strong poisons to subdue prey and keep it fresh for later consumption.

Use "habitats" because the passage refers to filthy habitats containing pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Associated Text:
They also study insects adapted to filthy habitats, including faeces and carcasses, where they constantly meet thousands of micro-organisms.

Use "antibiotics" because these compounds may provide or inspire new antibiotics.

Associated Text:
Because these insects use antimicrobial compounds against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, they may provide or inspire new antibiotics.

Answer Sheet
1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
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28
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29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
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35
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36
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37
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38
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39
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40
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Pontszám-összegzés
0 / 1
Multiple Choice
Matching Sentence Endings
Note Completion
Table Completion
Flow Chart Completion
Summary Completion
Multiple Selection
Short Answer
Matching Headings
Matching Features
Matching Information
Identifying Information
Identifying Viewer Claims
Sentence Completion
Diagram Labelling
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Tips to improve your reading speed
To get a high score on the IELTS reading section, you need to have a fast reading speed. To have a fast reading speed, you need to improve your vocabulary and practice dissecting sentences. One strategy to dissect a sentence is to look for the subject and verb of the sentence. Finding the subject and verb will help you better understand the main idea of said sentence. Keep in mind, a common feature of a IELTS reading passage is to join strings of ideas to form long compound sentences. This produces large chunks that students have a hard time absorbing. Do not get overwhelmed by its length, just look for the subject and verb, the rest of the ideas will flow.

Keep in mind, having a slow reading speed makes skimming or scanning a reading passage more difficult. The process of quickly skimming through a reading passage for specific keywords or main ideas is a requirement for you to employ successful reading strategies to improve your IELTS reading score. In other words, skimming and scanning are critical skills to ensure you complete all questions in the allotted time frame.
IELTS Reading Strategies
Once you can read and comprehend a passage with a rate of, at least, 220 words per minute, you'll be ready to start implementing our strategies. All too often, students spend too much time reading the passages and not enough time answering the questions. Here is a step by step guide for tackling the reading section.

  1. Step 1: Read questions first

    One of the most common mistakes that candidates make when approaching the reading exam is reading every single word of the passages. Although you can practice for the exam by reading for pleasure, "reading blindly" (reading without any sense of what the questions will ask) will not do you any favors in the exam. Instead, it will hurt your chances for effectively managing your time and getting the best score.

    The main reason to read the questions first is because the type of question may determine what you read in the passage or how you read it. For example, some question types will call for the "skimming" technique, while others may call for the "scanning" technique.

    It is important to answer a set of questions that are of the same question type. You'll need to determine which question type you want to tackle first. A good strategy would be to start with the easier question type and move on to more difficult question types later. The Easiest question types are the ones where you spend less time reading. For example, the Matching Heading question type is an easier one because you only need to find the heading that best describes the main idea of a paragraph. An example of a difficult question type would be Identifying Information. For this question type, you'll need to read each paragraph to find out if each statement is TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN according to the passage.

    Here is a table that lists the difficulty levels for each question type. Use this table as a reference when choosing which question type you want to tackle first.

    Difficulty level Question Type
    Easy Sentence Completion
    Short answer
    Medium Matching Features
    Multiple choice
    Matching Headings
    Summary, Table, Flow-Chart Completion
    Difficult Matching Sentence Endings
    Matching Information
    Identifying Information (TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)
    Identifying Viewer's claims (YES/NO/NOT GIVEN)

  2. Step 2: Read for an objective

    After you've read the questions for the passage, you will be able to read for an objective. What does this mean? For example, if you come across a question that includes the year "1896", you can make a note of when this year comes up in the text, using it to answer the question later on. There are two reading techniques that will help you stay on track with reading for an objective. The first one, skimming, is best defined as reading fast in order to get the "gist", or general idea, or a passage. With this technique, you are not stopping for any unfamiliar words or looking for specific details. The second technique, scanning, is best defined as reading for specific information. With this technique, you are not reading for the overall gist, but rather, specific information. Notice how each of these techniques has a specific objective in mind. This will help you find information more quickly.

  3. Step 3: Take notes

    As you're reading for an objective, you should also be making notes on the margins of the passage, placing stars next to key information, or underlining things that you believe will help you answer the various questions. This will make it easier for you to check back when you are asked certain things in the questions. Choose whichever note-taking system is right for you - just make sure you do it!

  4. Step 4: Answer wisely

    After you've read the questions, read the passage, and have taken any appropriate notes, you you should have located the part of the text where you where you need to read carefully. Then just read carefully and think critically to determine the correct answer.

IELTS Reading Question Types

The IELTS reading test contains many different question types:

Matching HeadingsIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Headings
Matching InformationIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Information
Matching FeaturesIELTS Reading Lesson: Matching Features
Summary CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Summary Completion
Identifying InformationIELTS Reading Lesson: Identifying Information
Identifying Writer's claimsIELTS Reading Lesson: Identifying Writer's claims
Multiple ChoiceIELTS Reading Lesson: Multiple Choice
Short AnswerIELTS Reading Lesson: Short Answer
Match Sentence EndingIELTS Reading Lesson: Match Sentence Ending
Sentence CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Sentence Completion
Table CompletionIELTS Reading Lesson: Table Completion
 
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