Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 27-30
on your answer sheet.
27. The first paragraph tells us about
28. According to the second paragraph, what is Stella Pachidi's view of the 'knowledge economy'?
29. What did Pachidi observe at the telecommunications company?
30. In his recently published research, Ewan McGaughey
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "the types of jobs that will be most affected by the growth of Al.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Even those who remain in their jobs will need to adjust as their roles change in response to increasingly capable machines.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "the degree to which Al will alter the nature of the work that people do." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Even those who remain in their jobs will need to adjust as their roles change in response to increasingly capable machines.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "the share of the world's labour force who will have jobs in Al in the future.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Even those who remain in their jobs will need to adjust as their roles change in response to increasingly capable machines.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "the difference between ways that embodied and disembodied Al will affect workers.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Even those who remain in their jobs will need to adjust as their roles change in response to increasingly capable machines.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
Even those who remain in their jobs will need to adjust as their roles change in response to increasingly capable machines.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "It is having an effect on the number of jobs available.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Automation, sometimes described as embodied artificial intelligence (AI), is one source of technological disruption in employment, while disembodied AI, such as the algorithms operating in smartphones, is another.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "It is altering people's attitudes towards their occupations.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Automation, sometimes described as embodied artificial intelligence (AI), is one source of technological disruption in employment, while disembodied AI, such as the algorithms operating in smartphones, is another.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "It is the main cause of the production sector's decline.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Automation, sometimes described as embodied artificial intelligence (AI), is one source of technological disruption in employment, while disembodied AI, such as the algorithms operating in smartphones, is another.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "It is a major factor driving current developments in the workplace." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Automation, sometimes described as embodied artificial intelligence (AI), is one source of technological disruption in employment, while disembodied AI, such as the algorithms operating in smartphones, is another.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
Associated Text:
Automation, sometimes described as embodied artificial intelligence (AI), is one source of technological disruption in employment, while disembodied AI, such as the algorithms operating in smartphones, is another.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "staff objecting to the recommendations of Al", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "She reports cases in which employees supplied false data to the system so that it would help them reach their targets.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "staff feeling resentful about the intrusion of Al into their work", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "She reports cases in which employees supplied false data to the system so that it would help them reach their targets.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "staff ensuring that Al produces the results that they want" is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "She reports cases in which employees supplied false data to the system so that it would help them reach their targets.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "staff letting Al carry out tasks they ought to do themselves", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "She reports cases in which employees supplied false data to the system so that it would help them reach their targets.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
She reports cases in which employees supplied false data to the system so that it would help them reach their targets.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "questions the idea that redundancy is a negative thing.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "History, he argues, shows clearly that change can create redundancies, but social policies can address this through retraining and redeployment.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "shows the deep effect of mass unemployment on society.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "History, he argues, shows clearly that change can create redundancies, but social policies can address this through retraining and redeployment.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "points out some differences between past and future job losses.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "History, he argues, shows clearly that change can create redundancies, but social policies can address this through retraining and redeployment.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "shows how changes in the job market can be successfully handled." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "History, he argues, shows clearly that change can create redundancies, but social policies can address this through retraining and redeployment.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
Associated Text:
History, he argues, shows clearly that change can create redundancies, but social policies can address this through retraining and redeployment.
Questions 31-34
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-G, below.
- pressure
- satisfaction
- intuition
- promotion
- reliance
- confidence
- information
Use G, "information", because the passage says algorithms are used to make decisions based on perfect information.
Associated Text:
Organisations are drawn to them because they hope to base decisions on what they regard as perfect information, while also lowering costs and improving productivity.
Use E, "reliance", because the passage says workers develop reliance on algorithmic instructions.
Associated Text:
Pachidi suggests that when this happens, working practices may become narrow because employees learn through the algorithm's eyes and develop a growing reliance on its instructions.
Use C, "intuition", because the passage says human intuition is discouraged when algorithmic guidance dominates.
Associated Text:
Other forms of exploration, in which experiment and human intuition produce progress and fresh ideas, are discouraged.
Use F, "confidence", because transparency is intended to increase users' confidence in AI decisions.
Associated Text:
Their aim is to make AI systems more trustworthy and transparent, so that both organisations and individual users understand how AI decisions are reached.
Questions 35-40
Look at the following
Statements (Questions 35-40) and
List of people below below.
Look at the following statements (Questions 35-40) and the list of people below.
Write the correct number
A-C in boxes
Questions 35-40
on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
List of people below
- Stella Pachidi
- Hamish Low
- Ewan McGaughey
Choose B because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "If robots are doing half of 100 existing jobs in 30 years' time, he says, that does not leave only 50 jobs for humans; instead, the economy might contain 150 jobs.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
If robots are doing half of 100 existing jobs in 30 years' time, he says, that does not leave only 50 jobs for humans; instead, the economy might contain 150 jobs.
Choose A because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "Organisations are drawn to them because they hope to base decisions on what they regard as perfect information, while also lowering costs and improving productivity.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
Organisations are drawn to them because they hope to base decisions on what they regard as perfect information, while also lowering costs and improving productivity.
Choose C because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "Just as the industrial revolution moved people beyond subsistence agriculture and the corporate revolution made mass production possible, a third revolution has now been announced.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
Just as the industrial revolution moved people beyond subsistence agriculture and the corporate revolution made mass production possible, a third revolution has now been announced.
Choose A because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "Pachidi argues that, meanwhile, society must fully understand the dilemmas raised by this new world in relation to expertise, occupational boundaries and control.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
Pachidi argues that, meanwhile, society must fully understand the dilemmas raised by this new world in relation to expertise, occupational boundaries and control.
Choose B because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "In its place, he imagines a multistage employment life in which people retrain at many points and move in and out of multiple jobs, or periods without work, by choice.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
In its place, he imagines a multistage employment life in which people retrain at many points and move in and out of multiple jobs, or periods without work, by choice.
Choose C because the passage connects this feature or person with the information in the question. The supporting evidence is: "His findings urge leaders in organisations, governments and banks to anticipate coming changes with bold policies that secure full employment, fair incomes and a healthy economic democracy.". This evidence identifies the correct match and rules out choices that are not linked to this detail.
Associated Text:
His findings urge leaders in organisations, governments and banks to anticipate coming changes with bold policies that secure full employment, fair incomes and a healthy economic democracy.
