Questions 14-20
The reading passage has nine paragraphs labelled A-I.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
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H |
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| 14. reference to factors driving a renewed interest in natural medicinal compounds |
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| 15. how recent technological progress has made insect research easier |
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| 16. instances of animals which use medicinal substances from nature |
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| 17. reasons that it is challenging to use insects in drug research |
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| 18. mention of how interest in drug research may benefit wildlife |
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| 19. a reason why nature-based medicines became less popular for a period |
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| 20. an example of an insect-derived medicine in use at the moment |
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Choose paragraph C because this paragraph contains the information requested in "reference to factors driving a renewed interest in natural medicinal compounds". The supporting sentence is: "Genome mining now allows researchers to search living organisms for useful compounds, revealing that science has explored only a small part of nature's molecular diversity.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph C is the best location.
Associated Text:
Genome mining now allows researchers to search living organisms for useful compounds, revealing that science has explored only a small part of nature's molecular diversity.
Choose paragraph H because this paragraph contains the information requested in "how recent technological progress has made insect research easier". The supporting sentence is: "Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph H is the best location.
Associated Text:
Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.
Choose paragraph A because this paragraph contains the information requested in "instances of animals which use medicinal substances from nature". The supporting sentence is: "Other primates show why this tradition is likely to be ancient: capuchin monkeys rub their bodies with millipedes that release toxins to keep mosquitoes away, while chimpanzees eat harsh forest plants to remove intestinal parasites.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph A is the best location.
Associated Text:
Other primates show why this tradition is likely to be ancient: capuchin monkeys rub their bodies with millipedes that release toxins to keep mosquitoes away, while chimpanzees eat harsh forest plants to remove intestinal parasites.
Choose paragraph F because this paragraph contains the information requested in "reasons that it is challenging to use insects in drug research". The supporting sentence is: "Second, insects are usually small, and the glands that produce potentially useful compounds are smaller still, so obtaining enough material for testing can be difficult.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph F is the best location.
Associated Text:
Second, insects are usually small, and the glands that produce potentially useful compounds are smaller still, so obtaining enough material for testing can be difficult.
Choose paragraph I because this paragraph contains the information requested in "mention of how interest in drug research may benefit wildlife". The supporting sentence is: "Piper's main reason for studying insects in this way is conservation, even though he would welcome the chance to help develop a groundbreaking insect-derived drug.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph I is the best location.
Associated Text:
Piper's main reason for studying insects in this way is conservation, even though he would welcome the chance to help develop a groundbreaking insect-derived drug.
Choose paragraph B because this paragraph contains the information requested in "a reason why nature-based medicines became less popular for a period". The supporting sentence is: "This happened largely because useful natural compounds, although abundant, are hard to locate and exploit.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph B is the best location.
Associated Text:
This happened largely because useful natural compounds, although abundant, are hard to locate and exploit.
Choose paragraph E because this paragraph contains the information requested in "an example of an insect-derived medicine in use at the moment". The supporting sentence is: "Alloferon, for instance, is an antimicrobial compound made by blow fly larvae and is used in South Korea and Russia as an antiviral and antitumor agent.". This sentence matches the meaning of the prompt, so paragraph E is the best location.
Associated Text:
Alloferon, for instance, is an antimicrobial compound made by blow fly larvae and is used in South Korea and Russia as an antiviral and antitumor agent.
Questions 21-22
Choose two letters A-E.
Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "the enormous quantity of individual insects worldwide", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice A as one of the two required statements.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "the range of compounds insects have evolved for self-protection" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?".
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "the possibility of extracting and using insects' genetic codes" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?".
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "the resemblance between different insect species", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice D as one of the two required statements.
(E) is incorrect. Choice E says "the convenient size of most insects", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice E as one of the two required statements.
Associated Text:
Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "the enormous quantity of individual insects worldwide", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice A as one of the two required statements.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "the range of compounds insects have evolved for self-protection" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?".
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "the possibility of extracting and using insects' genetic codes" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?".
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "the resemblance between different insect species", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice D as one of the two required statements.
(E) is incorrect. Choice E says "the convenient size of most insects", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Their many relationships with other organisms have led them to evolve a remarkable range of compounds for attack and defence. Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.". That evidence does not give Choice E as one of the two required statements.
Associated Text:
Recent technology helps because scientists can cut out stretches of insect DNA containing the codes for interesting substances and place them into cell lines that can produce larger quantities.
Questions 23-26
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer from the passage for each answer.
Use "ecology" because Piper and his colleagues use this knowledge to guide their search.
Associated Text:
Many species are rarely found and are hard to rear in captivity, again leaving researchers without enough material. G Ross Piper and fellow zoologists at Aberystwyth University in the UK use knowledge of ecology to guide their search.
Use "prey" because the insects use poisons to subdue and preserve prey.
Associated Text:
They are especially interested in insects that release strong poisons to subdue prey and keep it fresh for later consumption.
Use "habitats" because the passage refers to filthy habitats containing pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Associated Text:
They also study insects adapted to filthy habitats, including faeces and carcasses, where they constantly meet thousands of micro-organisms.
Use "antibiotics" because these compounds may provide or inspire new antibiotics.
Associated Text:
Because these insects use antimicrobial compounds against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, they may provide or inspire new antibiotics.
