Questions 31-35
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Seminar on 'evergreening'
The answer is product. The script states: 'A patent is the legal right protecting the person or company that has created a new invention, whether that is a product, an idea or a formula.' This directly states that a patent can cover different types of inventions, such as a product, matching perfectly with the note completion.
Associated Text:
A patent is the legal right protecting the person or company that has created a new invention, whether that is a product, an idea or a formula.
The answer is permission. This is taken from the part: 'It allows the owner of the patent to take legal action against others who use his invention without his permission.' This indicates that using a patented drug requires the owner's permission.
Associated Text:
It allows the owner of the patent to take legal action against others who use his invention without his permission.
The answer is high prices. The relevant part of the script says: 'allowing the owner of the patents to charge high prices.' This directly matches the completion that patented drugs can be sold at high prices due to the protection of the patent.
Associated Text:
allowing the owner of the patents to charge high prices.
The answer is ends. The script says: 'When the patent ends, other companies are allowed to supply the previously patented drug.' This shows that once the patent ends, generic drugs can be produced by others.
Associated Text:
When the patent ends, other companies are allowed to supply the previously patented drug.
The answer is 95%. The script mentions: 'the prices of generic drugs are much lower than the prices of in-patent drugs – it has been suggested that for widely used drugs, price falls can be as much as 95%.' This indicates that generic drugs can be up to 95% cheaper.
Associated Text:
it has been suggested that for widely used drugs, price falls can be as much as 95%.
Questions 36-40
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.
The answer is extend. The script says: 'companies like monopolies and would like to extend the patent period.' This shows that pharmaceutical companies want to extend the period of protection that patents provide.
Associated Text:
companies like monopolies and would like to extend the patent period.
The answer is process. The script states: 'Over the past few decades they have used a process known as 'evergreening' to keep generic companies out of the market for longer.' This directly identifies evergreening as a process.
Associated Text:
Over the past few decades they have used a process known as 'evergreening' to keep generic companies out of the market for longer.
The answer is variations. The script says: 'Evergreening is achieved by seeking extra patents on variations of the original drug – new forms of release, new dosages.' This sentence indicates that evergreening involves variations of the original drug, including new dosages or new forms of release.
Associated Text:
Evergreening is achieved by seeking extra patents on variations of the original drug – new forms of release, new dosages
The answer is tiny. The script states: 'Even if the change to the previous drug is tiny, the company can make a new patent.' This shows that new patents can be taken out even when the change is very small or tiny.
Associated Text:
Even if the change to the previous drug is tiny, the company can make a new patent
The answer is small. The script says: 'Critics argue that the claimed improved health outcomes are small or non-existent.' This shows that critics believe the community health benefits are small at best.
Associated Text:
Critics argue that the claimed improved health outcomes are small or non-existent.
