Questions 17-22
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in 17-22 on your answer sheet.
Use "Laziness" because paragraph B says popular opinion often blames procrastination on laziness.
Associated Text:
This is important because my research indicates that procrastination wastes time and is also connected with other problems.
Use "Anxious" because paragraph B says thinking about the work can make people anxious.
Associated Text:
If merely thinking about the work threatens their self-worth or makes them anxious, postponement becomes more likely.
Use "Threats" because paragraph B refers to brain regions involved in detecting threats.
Associated Text:
Brain-imaging research has also shown that, in chronic procrastinators, regions involved in detecting threats and regulating emotions differ from those in people who procrastinate less often.
Use "Exams" because paragraph C gives preparing for exams as an example of a difficult task.
Associated Text:
Brain-imaging research has also shown that, in chronic procrastinators, regions involved in detecting threats and regulating emotions differ from those in people who procrastinate less often.
Use "Perfectionists" because paragraph C identifies perfectionists as a group likely to procrastinate.
Associated Text:
People with low self-esteem often procrastinate, and perfectionists are another group who do so because they fear that others will judge their work severely.
Use "Guilt" because paragraph C says people are often left with guilt after the temporary mood repair.
Associated Text:
The mood repair is brief, and afterwards people are often left with guilt, which deepens negative mood and strengthens the habit of procrastinating again.
Questions 23-24
Choose two letters A-E.
Write your answers in boxes 23-24 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO comparisons between employees who often procrastinate and those who do not are mentioned in the text?
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They earn lower salaries.
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Their work is of poorer quality.
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They do not remain in their jobs as long.
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They enjoy their working lives less.
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Their relationships with colleagues are worse.
(A) is correct. Choice A matches the question because "They earn lower salaries." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO comparisons between employees who often procrastinate and those who do not are mentioned in the text?".
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "Their work is of poorer quality.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability. In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.". That evidence does not give Choice B as one of the two required statements.
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "They do not remain in their jobs as long." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO comparisons between employees who often procrastinate and those who do not are mentioned in the text?".
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "They enjoy their working lives less.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability. In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.". That evidence does not give Choice D as one of the two required statements.
(E) is incorrect. Choice E says "Their relationships with colleagues are worse.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability. In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.". That evidence does not give Choice E as one of the two required statements.
Associated Text:
In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.
(A) is correct. Choice A matches the question because "They earn lower salaries." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO comparisons between employees who often procrastinate and those who do not are mentioned in the text?".
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "Their work is of poorer quality.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability. In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.". That evidence does not give Choice B as one of the two required statements.
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "They do not remain in their jobs as long." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO comparisons between employees who often procrastinate and those who do not are mentioned in the text?".
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "They enjoy their working lives less.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability. In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.". That evidence does not give Choice D as one of the two required statements.
(E) is incorrect. Choice E says "Their relationships with colleagues are worse.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability. In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.". That evidence does not give Choice E as one of the two required statements.
Associated Text:
In a United States survey of more than 22,000 employees, regular procrastinators had less annual income and less employment stability.
Questions 25-26
Choose two letters A-E.
Write your answers in boxes 25-26 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO recommendations for getting out of a cycle of procrastination does the writer give?
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avoiding harsh judgement of ourselves
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giving ourselves achievable goals
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giving ourselves rewards for completed tasks
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ranking tasks by how important they are
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staying away from things that disrupt our concentration on tasks
(A) is correct. Choice A matches the question because "avoiding harsh judgement of ourselves" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "We should acknowledge that we feel bad without being too critical of ourselves.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO recommendations for getting out of a cycle of procrastination does the writer give?".
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "giving ourselves achievable goals", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "We should acknowledge that we feel bad without being too critical of ourselves. For example, reminding ourselves why the task is important and valuable can make our feelings about it more positive.". That evidence does not give Choice B as one of the two required statements.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "giving ourselves rewards for completed tasks", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "We should acknowledge that we feel bad without being too critical of ourselves. For example, reminding ourselves why the task is important and valuable can make our feelings about it more positive.". That evidence does not give Choice C as one of the two required statements.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "ranking tasks by how important they are", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "We should acknowledge that we feel bad without being too critical of ourselves. For example, reminding ourselves why the task is important and valuable can make our feelings about it more positive.". That evidence does not give Choice D as one of the two required statements.
(E) is correct. Choice E matches the question because "staying away from things that disrupt our concentration on tasks" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "For example, reminding ourselves why the task is important and valuable can make our feelings about it more positive.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO recommendations for getting out of a cycle of procrastination does the writer give?".
Associated Text:
We should acknowledge that we feel bad without being too critical of ourselves.
(A) is correct. Choice A matches the question because "avoiding harsh judgement of ourselves" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "We should acknowledge that we feel bad without being too critical of ourselves.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO recommendations for getting out of a cycle of procrastination does the writer give?".
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "giving ourselves achievable goals", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "We should acknowledge that we feel bad without being too critical of ourselves. For example, reminding ourselves why the task is important and valuable can make our feelings about it more positive.". That evidence does not give Choice B as one of the two required statements.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "giving ourselves rewards for completed tasks", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "We should acknowledge that we feel bad without being too critical of ourselves. For example, reminding ourselves why the task is important and valuable can make our feelings about it more positive.". That evidence does not give Choice C as one of the two required statements.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "ranking tasks by how important they are", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "We should acknowledge that we feel bad without being too critical of ourselves. For example, reminding ourselves why the task is important and valuable can make our feelings about it more positive.". That evidence does not give Choice D as one of the two required statements.
(E) is correct. Choice E matches the question because "staying away from things that disrupt our concentration on tasks" is directly supported by the passage evidence: "For example, reminding ourselves why the task is important and valuable can make our feelings about it more positive.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO recommendations for getting out of a cycle of procrastination does the writer give?".
Associated Text:
For example, reminding ourselves why the task is important and valuable can make our feelings about it more positive.
