Questions 19-22
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in 19-22 on your answer sheet.
Use "Descendants" because it is the exact word or phrase from the passage. The supporting sentence says: "We can follow the same people and their descendants across 300 years of educational and economic change, she says."
Associated Text:
We can follow the same people and their descendants across 300 years of educational and economic change, she says.
Use "Sermon" because it is the exact word or phrase from the passage. The supporting sentence says: "Individual stories have emerged, such as those of 24-year-old Ana Regina and Magdalena Riethmullerin, who were chastised in 1707 for reading books in church rather than listening to the sermon."
Associated Text:
Ana Regina and Magdalena Riethmullerin, both 24, were chastised in 1707 for reading in church rather than listening to the sermon.
Use "Fine" because it is the exact word or phrase from the passage. The supporting sentence says: "Juliana kept accepting work reserved for male guild members and was later ordered by the guild court to pay a fine equal to one third of a servant's annual wage."
Associated Text:
Juliana kept accepting work reserved for male guild members and was later ordered by the guild court to pay a fine equal to one third of a servant's annual wage.
Use "Innovation" because it is the exact word or phrase from the passage. The supporting sentence says: "Such cases show how guilds limited labour markets and held back even simple industrial innovation."
Associated Text:
Such cases show how guilds limited labour markets and held back even simple industrial innovation.
Questions 23-24
Choose two letters A-E.
Write your answers in boxes 23-24 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about literacy rates in Section B?
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Almost no research has examined the link between high literacy rates and better earnings.
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Germany had very high literacy rates from 1600 to 1900.
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Strong evidence shows that high modern literacy rates lead to economic growth.
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England had excellent literacy rates and a slowly growing economy.
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High literacy rates in some European countries did not lead to fast economic growth.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "Almost no research has examined the link between high literacy rates and better earnings.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates, but their economies expanded slowly and industrialised late. Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high, yet the region remained poor.". That evidence does not give Choice A as one of the two required statements.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "Germany had very high literacy rates from 1600 to 1900." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates, but their economies expanded slowly and industrialised late.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about literacy rates in Section B?".
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "Strong evidence shows that high modern literacy rates lead to economic growth.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates, but their economies expanded slowly and industrialised late. Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high, yet the region remained poor.". That evidence does not give Choice C as one of the two required statements.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "England had excellent literacy rates and a slowly growing economy.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates, but their economies expanded slowly and industrialised late. Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high, yet the region remained poor.". That evidence does not give Choice D as one of the two required statements.
(E) is correct. Choice E matches the question because "High literacy rates in some European countries did not lead to fast economic growth." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high, yet the region remained poor.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about literacy rates in Section B?".
Associated Text:
Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates, but their economies expanded slowly and industrialised late.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "Almost no research has examined the link between high literacy rates and better earnings.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates, but their economies expanded slowly and industrialised late. Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high, yet the region remained poor.". That evidence does not give Choice A as one of the two required statements.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "Germany had very high literacy rates from 1600 to 1900." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates, but their economies expanded slowly and industrialised late.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about literacy rates in Section B?".
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "Strong evidence shows that high modern literacy rates lead to economic growth.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates, but their economies expanded slowly and industrialised late. Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high, yet the region remained poor.". That evidence does not give Choice C as one of the two required statements.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "England had excellent literacy rates and a slowly growing economy.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates, but their economies expanded slowly and industrialised late. Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high, yet the region remained poor.". That evidence does not give Choice D as one of the two required statements.
(E) is correct. Choice E matches the question because "High literacy rates in some European countries did not lead to fast economic growth." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high, yet the region remained poor.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about literacy rates in Section B?".
Associated Text:
Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high, yet the region remained poor.
Questions 25-26
Choose two letters A-E.
Write your answers in boxes 25-26 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make in Section F about guilds in German-speaking Central Europe between 1600 and 1900?
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They assisted young people in acquiring a skill.
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They resisted people relocating for work.
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They maintained superior records compared with guilds elsewhere.
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They resisted practices that endangered their control of a trade.
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They were mainly made up of wealthy merchants.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "They assisted young people in acquiring a skill.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In villages across the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence. Local guilds and merchant associations were very powerful and made rules against anything that threatened their monopolies.". That evidence does not give Choice A as one of the two required statements.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "They resisted people relocating for work." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "In villages across the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make in Section F about guilds in German-speaking Central Europe between 1600 and 1900?".
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "They maintained superior records compared with guilds elsewhere.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In villages across the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence. Local guilds and merchant associations were very powerful and made rules against anything that threatened their monopolies.". That evidence does not give Choice C as one of the two required statements.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "They resisted practices that endangered their control of a trade." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Local guilds and merchant associations were very powerful and made rules against anything that threatened their monopolies.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make in Section F about guilds in German-speaking Central Europe between 1600 and 1900?".
(E) is incorrect. Choice E says "They were mainly made up of wealthy merchants.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In villages across the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence. Local guilds and merchant associations were very powerful and made rules against anything that threatened their monopolies.". That evidence does not give Choice E as one of the two required statements.
Associated Text:
In villages across the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "They assisted young people in acquiring a skill.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In villages across the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence. Local guilds and merchant associations were very powerful and made rules against anything that threatened their monopolies.". That evidence does not give Choice A as one of the two required statements.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "They resisted people relocating for work." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "In villages across the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make in Section F about guilds in German-speaking Central Europe between 1600 and 1900?".
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "They maintained superior records compared with guilds elsewhere.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In villages across the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence. Local guilds and merchant associations were very powerful and made rules against anything that threatened their monopolies.". That evidence does not give Choice C as one of the two required statements.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "They resisted practices that endangered their control of a trade." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Local guilds and merchant associations were very powerful and made rules against anything that threatened their monopolies.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make in Section F about guilds in German-speaking Central Europe between 1600 and 1900?".
(E) is incorrect. Choice E says "They were mainly made up of wealthy merchants.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "In villages across the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence. Local guilds and merchant associations were very powerful and made rules against anything that threatened their monopolies.". That evidence does not give Choice E as one of the two required statements.
Associated Text:
Local guilds and merchant associations were very powerful and made rules against anything that threatened their monopolies.
