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TOEFL® Vocabulary ebook

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Business view_list format_list_numbered
C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

alliance star_border

/al-liance/ [ah0.l.ay1.ah0.n.s] play_circle_filled

Definition: A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations

Example sentences:

  • There is a new openness by unions today to building alliances with community-based organizations and churches

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

allocation star_border

/al-lo-ca-tion/ [ae2.l.ah0.k.ey1.sh.ah0.n] play_circle_filled

Definition: distribution according to a plan; a share set aside for a specific purpose

Example sentences:

  • Given the situation, if your asset allocation is 60 percent stocks and 40 percent bonds, you might lose 30 percent of your portfolio value.
  • While economics is the study of the allocation of scarce resources, the online world is distinguished by abundance.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

by-product star_border

/by-prod-uct/ [no ipa available] play_circle_filled
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Definition: An incidental or secondary product made in the manufacture or synthesis of something else

Example sentences:

  • Sugar cane fiber, a by-product of sugar manufacturing, can be made into paper.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

capitalism star_border

/cap-i-tal-ism/ [k.ae1.p.ih0.t.ah0.l.ih2.z.ah0.m] play_circle_filled
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Definition: An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Example sentences:

  • Under capitalism all profit is ultimately the result of the exploitation of the workers

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

capitalistic star_border

/cap-i-tal-is-tic/ [k.ae2.p.ih0.t.ah0.l.ih1.s.t.ih0.k] play_circle_filled
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Definition:

Example sentences:

  • It diverts the attention from real social issues only to, in turn, accommodate vile capitalistic policies.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

endorse star_border

/en-dorse/ [eh0.n.d.ao1.r.s] play_circle_filled
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Definition: to express approval

Example sentences:

  • He supports gay marriage and has endorsed the idea of eventually granting legal citizenship to many of the undocumented immigrants in the country.
  • Shareholders might look into executive reputations before investing, and well-known customers sometimes do that before buying from or endorsing the company.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

export star_border

/ex-port/ [eh1.k.s.p.ao0.r.t] play_circle_filled
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Definition: sell or transfer abroad; commodities (goods or services) sold to a foreign country

Example sentences:

  • It also said Japan as a whole was experiencing a decrease in consumer spending due to a decline in real incomes and exports.
  • The country's economy has suffered because of falling prices for its commodity exports.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

franchise star_border

/fran-chise/ [f.r.ae1.n.ch.ay2.z] play_circle_filled
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Definition: An authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities, for example acting as an agent for a company’s products:

Example sentences:

  • We are at an advanced stage of negotiations with a large number of individuals about possible franchises.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

franchising star_border

/fran-chis-ing/ [f.r.ae1.n.ch.ay0.z.ih0.ng] play_circle_filled
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Definition: the practice of selling the right to use a firm's successful business model.

Example sentences:

  • One advantage of franchising is a franchisee can instantly get a nationally recognized name with management training, so it is easier to find buyers

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

globalization star_border

/glob-al-iza-tion/ [g.l.ow2.b.ah0.l.ih0.z.ey1.sh.ah0.n] play_circle_filled
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Definition: The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale

Example sentences:

  • Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon in human history that's been bringing the world closer through the exchange of goods and products.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

globalize star_border

/glob-al-ize/ [g.l.ow1.b.ah0.l.ay2.z] play_circle_filled
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Definition: Develop or be developed so as to make possible international influence or operation:

Example sentences:

  • The moment the debate was publicized on the Internet, it was globalized.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

outlet star_border

/out-let/ [aw1.t.l.eh2.t] play_circle_filled
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Definition: A point from which goods are sold or distributed

Example sentences:

  • This is where the young hang out, in coffee shops, fast-food outlets, shopping malls and on the street itself.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

privatization star_border

/pri-va-ti-za-tion/ [p.r.ay1.v.ah0.t.ah0.z.ey1.sh.ah0.n] play_circle_filled
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Definition: Transfer (a business, industry, or service) from public to private ownership and control

Example sentences:

  • As elsewhere in the Pacific, Australia is pushing for economic restructuring measures that include drastic cutbacks to government spending and privatisations.
  • Another primary concern of the ANC government is the privatization of state assets

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

privatize star_border

/pri-va-tize/ [p.r.ih1.v.ah0.t.ay2.z] play_circle_filled
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Definition: Transfer (a business, industry, or service) from public to private ownership and control

Example sentences:

  • The postal officials reportedly supported Koso as an opponent of government plans to privatize postal services

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

profitability star_border

/prof-itabil-i-ty/ [p.r.aa2.f.ih0.t.ah0.b.ih1.l.ih0.t.iy0] play_circle_filled
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Definition: (Of a business or activity) yielding profit or financial gain.

Example sentences:

  • That profitability may attract the attention of other potential buyers.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

strategic alliance star_border

/strate-gic al-liance/ [no ipa available] play_circle_filled
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Definition: A strategic alliance is an agreement between two or more parties to pursue a set of agreed upon objectives needed while remaining independent organizations. This form of cooperation lies between Mergers & Acquisition M&A and organic growth.

Example sentences:

  • Partners may provide the strategic alliance with resources such as products, distribution channels, manufacturing capability, project funding, capital equipment, knowledge, expertise, or intellectual property. The alliance is a cooperation or collaboration which aims for a synergy where each partner hopes that the benefits from the alliance will be greater than those from individual efforts.

C1-C2 checked
B1-B2
A1-A2

streamline star_border

/stream-line/ [s.t.r.iy1.m.l.ay2.n] play_circle_filled
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Definition: Make (an organization or system) more efficient and effective by employing faster or simpler working methods:

Example sentences:

  • We want to introduce new efficiencies and streamline the service as much as possible,’ Mr McCarthy said.
  • Internet stores have streamlined the process of finding, buying, and selling merchandise.

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