必考雅思單字 - 生物學(2)

Attacked bees often have deformed wings and abdomens and a shortened life span.

被攻擊的蜜蜂通常有變形的翅膀和腹部，壽命縮短。

The zoo here is now playing host to a pair each of seamy crocodiles, alligators and caimans, giving the city dwellers a glimpse of some rare species.

這裡的動物園現在每隻海鱷魚、短吻鱷和凱門鱷都有一對，讓城市居民一睹一些稀有物種。

In these fossils, detail of legs, antennae, wings, and even small body hairs are preserved.

在這些化石中，保留了腿、觸角、翅膀甚至細小的體毛的細節。

Arthropod biodiversity was on average one-third greater on organic farms than on conventional farms.

有機農場的節肢動物生物多樣性平均比傳統農場高出三分之一。

As a trombone player pulls in the slide to make a higher frequency sound by reducing the volume of the tube, so does a bird open its beak and pull back its head to reduce the volume of its vocal tract.

當長號演奏者拉動滑軌通過減小管子的音量來發出更高頻率的聲音時，一隻鳥也會張開喙並向後拉頭部以減少其聲道的音量。

The ideal places for establishing bee colonies were locations where the farm pesticide use was low, and where there were several beehives in the wild.

建立蜂群的理想地點是農場殺蟲劑使用率低且野外有多個蜂箱的地方。

IBM has unveiled an ambitious initiative to develop technologies that share the basic biological abilities of living organisms.

IBM 公佈了一項雄心勃勃的計劃，旨在開發共享生物體基本生物學能力的技術。

Flying to several sites to deposit eggs is a strategy used by all moths and butterflies whose caterpillars must hide from predators.

飛到幾個地點產卵是所有飛蛾和蝴蝶使用的策略，它們的毛蟲必須躲避捕食者。

I saw a spider's web and an insect larva beginning to spin a cocoon.

我看到蜘蛛網和昆蟲幼蟲開始結繭。

Crocodiles are cold-blooded creatures, and they keep their temperature constant by basking in the sun and staying in the water at night.

鱷魚是冷血動物，它們通過曬太陽和晚上待在水中來保持體溫恆定。

The Jurassic and Cretaceous together were the age of giant reptiles.

侏羅紀和白堊紀一起是巨型爬行動物的時代。

Hunted extensively for their skins, large crocodiles are becoming increasingly rare.

由於它們的皮膚被廣泛獵殺，大型鱷魚變得越來越稀有。

In other species, such as monitor lizards and crocodilians, the lungs are partitioned into chambers made up of an intricate net of support structures

在其他物種中，例如巨蜥和鱷魚，肺被分隔成由複雜的支撐結構網組成的腔室

Marine scientists have found evidence of similar patterns among shoreline species like crabs, crustaceans and seaweed.

海洋科學家在螃蟹、甲殼類動物和海藻等海岸線物種中發現了類似模式的證據。

Ectotherms are animals depending mainly on external heat sources, and their body temperature changes with the temperature of the environment. (變溫動物是主要依賴外部熱源的動物，它們的體溫隨著環境溫度而變化。)

Because reptiles are ectothermic, the embryos of live-bearing females and the eggs of oviparous females deposited in the soil or other locations are subject to fluctuating temperatures.

由於爬行動物是變溫動物，所以雌性活體的胚胎和卵生雌性的卵沉積在土壤或其他地方會受到溫度波動的影響。

Tortoises are ectotherms because they rely on the environment to sustain their body temperature.

烏龜是變溫動物，因為它們依靠環境來維持體溫。

Many ectothermic species demonstrate behavioral thermoregulation following feeding in an attempt to increase body temperature.

許多變溫物種在進食後表現出行為體溫調節，試圖增加體溫。

Between the eighth week of development and birth a human embryo is called a foetus. 

從發育第八周到出生這段時間，人類的胚胎被稱作胎兒。

Recent research on human embryos led to the discovery that a left-right asymmetry is evident before birth.

最近對人類胚胎的研究發現，出生前左右不對稱是明顯的。

A small endotherm must maintain a steady internal temperature and has a considerable demand for respiratory oxygen.

小型恆溫動物必須保持穩定的內部溫度，並且有很大的呼吸氧氣需求。

Birds are endotherms and maintain high body temperatures.

鳥類是恆溫動物，並且保持高的體溫。

Endotherms are animals that maintain a constant body temperature even when environmental temperatures fluctuate. In contrast, the environment regulates the body temperature of ectotherms and thus their metabolic rate tends to be lower than the metabolic rates of endotherms, which must maintain a high, constant body temperature.

恆溫動物是即使在環境溫度波動時也能保持恆定體溫的動物。相比之下，環境調節了變溫動物的體溫，因此它們的代謝率往往低於吸熱動物的代謝率，吸熱動物必須保持高、恆定的體溫。

People, polar bears, penguins, most other birds, and mammals are endothermic animals.

人、北極熊、企鵝、大多數其他鳥類和哺乳動物都是恆溫動物。

Lobsters, like all animals with exoskeletons, periodically shed their armor as they grow.

龍蝦，就像所有有外骨骼的動物一樣，隨著它們的成長，會定期脫掉盔甲。

The dog growls at the bottom of the tree, trying to claw his way up.

狗在樹底咆哮，試圖用爪子爬上去。

During the breeding season they eat mostly insects and other invertebrates.

在繁殖季節，它們主要吃昆蟲和其他無脊椎動物。

In South America and Australia, however, marsupials continued to be an important group of land mammals.

然而，在南美洲和澳大利亞，有袋動物仍然是重要的陸地哺乳動物群。

Endotherms are animals that maintain a constant body temperature even when environmental temperatures fluctuate. In contrast, the environment regulates the body temperature of ectotherms and thus their metabolic rate tends to be lower than the metabolic rates of endotherms, which must maintain a high, constant body temperature.

恆溫動物是即使在環境溫度波動時也能保持恆定體溫的動物。相比之下，環境調節了變溫動物的體溫，因此它們的代謝率往往低於吸熱動物的代謝率，吸熱動物必須保持高、恆定的體溫。

Lycopene is a red pigment that occurs naturally in certain plant and algal tissues.

番茄紅素是一种红色素，天然存在於某些植物和藻類組織中。

Increased pigmentation in animals, such as these spots, may be genetic, acquired, or associated with pigmented tumors.

動物中色素沉著增加，例如這些斑點，可能是遺傳的、獲得性的或與色素性腫瘤有關。

According to my reference sources, albino birds are extremely rare in the wild, and they also tend to be attacked by the normally pigmented members of their flock.

根據我的參考資料，白化病鳥在野外極為罕見，而且它們也往往會受到其羊群中正常膚色的成員的攻擊。

Two situations are considered, internal development of the embryos in closed incubating, brood or marsupial pouches, and external development in eggs exposed to the external medium. This group includes all of the pouched animals, such as opossums, kangaroos, and Tasmanian devils.

考慮兩種情況，胚胎在封閉孵化、育雛或有袋動物袋中的內部發育，以及暴露於外部介質的卵的外部發育。該組包括所有帶袋動物，例如負鼠、袋鼠和塔斯馬尼亞惡魔。

Primate is an order of mammals such as humans, monkeys, ape, lemurs, bush babies and tarsiers. They are distinguished by the use of hands.

靈長類動物是哺乳動物的一個目，如人類、猴子、猿、狐猴、叢林嬰兒和眼鏡猴。它們的區別在於用手。

They have been considered animals, protozoans, fungi or space aliens.

它們被認為是動物、原生動物、真菌或外星人。

Several hunts organized by the city government over the past months turned up empty-handed, apparently since cold-blooded reptiles are not very active during the chillier months

過去幾個月市政府組織的幾次狩獵都空手而歸，顯然是因為冷血爬行動物在寒冷的月份不太活躍

Footdrumming, as with other signals, probably originated by ritualization of older forms of behavior not associated with communication such as running and digging.

與其他信號一樣，鼓聲可能起源於與交流無關的舊行為形式的儀式化，例如跑步和挖掘。

There were the small herbivores and scavengers and hunters scuttling in the undergrowth, hiding from the larger predators who occasioned down from the heights.

有小型食草動物、食腐動物和獵人在灌木叢中逃竄，躲避從高處出現的大型掠食者。

With its radiant color and plantlike shape, the sea anemone looks more like a flower than an animal. More specifically, the sea anemone is formed quite like the flower for which it is named, with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in brilliant shades of blue, green, pink, and red.

海葵色澤艷麗，形狀如植物，看起來更像花而不是動物。更具體地說，海葵的形狀很像它所命名的花，身體像莖，觸手像花瓣，顏色鮮豔，有藍色、綠色、粉紅色和紅色。

Some termites feed on the wood timber of houses, posing a danger as a roof or ceiling can collapse from the impact of their feeding.

一些白蟻以房屋的木材為食，構成危險，因為屋頂或天花板會因進食的影響而倒塌。

Snake venoms have different effects.

蛇毒有不同的作用。

Anytime you receive a bite from a venomous snake, it's a very dangerous encounter

每當您被毒蛇咬傷時，這是一次非常危險的遭遇

For that reason the earliest terrestrial vertebrates did not come equipped with an occiput, as we understand the term.

出於這個原因，最早的陸生脊椎動物沒有配備枕骨，正如我們所理解的那樣。