必考雅思單字 - 地球科學

Eastern birds may migrate south, but western populations are more often altitudinal migrants, moving from the mountains into nearby lowlands in winter.

東方鳥類可能會向南遷徙，但西方種群更經常是海拔遷徙，在冬季從山區遷移到附近的低地。

Atmosphere 是名詞，意思是「大氣層;氣氛」。這個詞可以指地球或其他星球的氣體層，也可以用來描述一個場所或情境的感覺或環境。

The Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace amounts of other gases.

地球的大氣層主要由氮氣、氧氣和少量其他氣體組成。

The candlelit dinner created a romantic atmosphere.

燭光晚餐營造出浪漫的氣氛。

The atmosphere at the meeting was tense after the disagreement.

會議中因為意見不合而氣氛緊張。 

Oceans are playing a very vital role in maintaining the atmospheric balance of the earth.

海洋在維持地球大氣平衡方面發揮著非常重要的作用。

The Hubble Space Telescope has spotted auroras near the poles of both Saturn and Jupiter.

哈勃太空望遠鏡在土星和木星兩極附近發現了極光。

The process of coastal erosion and deposition further down the coast has been going on for centuries.

沿海岸更遠的海岸侵蝕和沈積過程已經持續了幾個世紀。

The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.

大陸地殼最古老的部分已有 40 億年的歷史。

Tectonic plates are pieces of Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as the lithosphere. Tectonic plates have two primary types: oceanic plates and continental plates. 

構造板塊是地殼和最上層地幔的碎片，統稱為岩石圈。構造板塊有兩種主要類型：大洋板塊和大陸板塊。

To calculate the distance we need to know the declination of the sun on a given day.

要計算距離，我們需要知道某一天的太陽偏角。

The compass needle and a knowledge of magnetic declination, the angle between the magnetic north and geographic north, were developments from this knowledge; they were described by Shen Kua in 1088

指南針和關於磁偏角的知識，即磁北和地理北之間的角度，都是從這些知識中發展而來的。 1088年，神誇描述了它們

On average a total solar eclipse is visible from any location only once every few centuries.

平均而言，每幾個世紀才能從任何位置看到一次日全食。

This surface is called an elliptic paraboloid because the vertical cross sections are all parabolas, while the horizontal cross sections are ellipses

這個表面被稱為橢圓拋物面，因為垂直橫截面都是拋物線，而水平橫截面是橢圓

The Southern Ocean encircles Antarctica and is home to a unique upwelling current that cycles carbon between the atmosphere and deep water.

南大洋環繞南極洲，是獨特的上升流的發源地，在大氣和深水之間循環碳。

Soft lights encircle the room like a bright twilight horizon and diffuse across the ceiling so seamlessly that there appears to be nothing overhead.

柔和的燈光像明亮的暮光地平線一樣環繞著房間，並無縫地漫過天花板，以至於頭頂上似乎沒有任何東西。

Indonesia is/lies on the equator.

印度尼西亞位於/位於赤道上。

Zones of minimum upwelling and, therefore, productivity, occur in the central regions of the oceans known as the gyres.

最小上升流區，因此，生產力，出現在被稱為環流的海洋中部區域。

In most people, the left hemisphere is bigger than the right.

在大多數人中，左半球比右半球大。

Humidity 是名詞，意思是「濕度，濕氣」。這個詞常用來描述空氣中水蒸氣的含量，是氣象學中的一個重要概念。

The humidity today makes it feel much hotter than it actually is.

今天的濕度讓天氣感覺比實際上更熱。

High humidity can cause problems for people with respiratory issues.

高濕度可能會給有呼吸系統問題的人帶來困擾。

Many electronic devices are sensitive to humidity and must be stored in dry conditions.

許多電子設備對濕度敏感，必須存放在乾燥的環境中。

In the Northeast, many adult fish reproduce out on the continental shelf, but their young develop to adulthood in inshore estuaries.

在東北部，許多成年魚在大陸架上繁殖，但它們的幼魚在近海河口發育至成年。

The ionosphere reflects neither FM radio nor broadcast television, itself a part of the radio spectrum.

電離層既不反射調頻收音機也不反射廣播電視，它們本身就是無線電頻譜的一部分。

At these latitudes, the sun does not rise at all on winter days.

在這些緯度，冬天太陽根本不會升起。

After new oceanic crust forms, the lithosphere cools and thickens as it moves away from the ocean ridge. An alternative to an active mantle thermal anomaly is greater stretching of the mantle lithosphere than the crust

在新的洋殼形成後，岩石圈隨著遠離洋脊的移動而冷卻和變厚。活動的地幔熱異常的替代方法是地幔岩石圈的拉伸大於地殼

Besides, both north-east and south-west monsoons have a higher level of rainfall which may discourage farmers from applying more fertilisers.

此外，東北季風和西南季風的降雨量都較高，這可能會阻礙農民施用更多肥料。

The occurrence of major pulses of oceanic water has proved unpredictable, being non-existent during the 1980s. The two eastern forks of Long Island jut into oceanic waters, creating a mixing zone for currents and coastal and offshore migratory species.

事實證明，海洋水的主要脈衝的發生是不可預測的，在 1980 年代不存在。長島的兩個東部分叉伸入海洋水域，為洋流和沿海和近海遷徙物種創造了一個混合區。

The four usual agents of deterioration in the air apart from oxygen and water are sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide

除氧氣和水外，四種常見的空氣惡化因素是二氧化硫、硫化氫、臭氧和二氧化氮

When substances are precipitated by inorganic or organic processes the material is known as chemical sediment.

當物質通過無機或有機過程沉澱時，該物質稱為化學沉澱物。

I don't think we should make precipitate decisions.

我認為我們不應該做出倉促的決定。

Many of our current problems have been caused by precipitate policy making in the past.

我們當前的許多問題都是由過去的草率決策造成的。

A tropical climate has warm temperatures throughout the year and a significant amount of precipitation.

熱帶氣候，全年氣溫溫暖，降水量很大。

If you would add more sugar to a saturated sugar-water solution, sugar crystals would just gather at the bottom of the glass. This is the precipitation.

如果你在飽和的糖水溶液中加入更多的糖，糖晶體就會聚集在玻璃杯的底部。這就是沉澱。

Prevailing winds are winds that blow predominantly from a single general direction over a particular point on the Earth's surface.

盛行風是指主要從單一大方向吹過地球表面特定點的風。

If more reservoirs or artificial lakes are needed, they should be built.

如果需要更多的水庫或人工湖，就應該建造它們。

The minimum length of shadow during a day is less in summer than in winter and at the solstices it changes from lengthening to shortening or visa versa. Now that the solstice has passed, winter is officially upon us.

夏季一天中陰影的最短長度比冬季短，並且在至日時，它會從延長變為縮短，反之亦然。既然至日已經過去，冬天就正式來臨了。

A subterranean river or tunnel is under the ground.

地下河流或隧道位於地下。

The Japanese Gardens' coral reef, situated in the western tip of the Arabian Peninsula, is considered one of the most beautiful reefs on earth, contains many fish which are indigenous to it, and exhibits a unique construction of the subterranean landscape.

日本庭園的珊瑚礁位於阿拉伯半島的西端，被認為是地球上最美麗的珊瑚礁之一，裡面有許多當地的魚類，並展示了獨特的地下景觀構造。

The terrain changed quickly from arable land to desert.

地形迅速從耕地變為沙漠。

Despite the fact that Japan as such has mountainous terrain and poor soils, the climatic conditions have made it possible to grow a variety of crops

儘管日本本身地形多山，土壤貧瘠，但氣候條件使種植各種農作物成為可能

Concerns about global climate change and predicted changes in terrestrial ecosystems highlight the need for the accurate quantification of productivity at all scales. Clearly we still have a ways to go before oceans and marine wildlife receive the same level of attention afforded to terrestrial ecosystems.

對全球氣候變化和陸地生態系統預測變化的擔憂凸顯了對所有規模的生產力進行準確量化的必要性。顯然，在海洋和海洋野生動物獲得與陸地生態系統同等程度的關注之前，我們還有很長的路要走。

The movement of water associated with tides can also result in the formation of tidal currents.

與潮汐相關的水的運動也可能導致潮汐流的形成。

The tidal stream or current gradually decreases in the shallows.

潮汐流或水流在淺灘逐漸減少。

The 20-minute boat ride through a maze of tidal rivers and marshes is wonderful.

穿越迷宮般的潮汐河流和沼澤的 20 分鐘船程非常棒。

Dredging and drying a wetland can create more land for homes, businesses, or agriculture.

疏浚和乾燥濕地可以為家庭、企業或農業創造更多土地。