Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Biodiversity hotspots:
areas containing many different species
at first only identified on land
Boris Worm, 2005:
identified hotspots for large ocean predators, e.g. sharks
found that ocean hotspots
Lisa Ballance, 2007:
found these were all located where ocean currents meet
Census of Marine Life:
found new ocean species living
- near volcanoes on the ocean floor
Global Marine Species Assessment:
want to list endangered ocean species, considering
- geographical distribution
Recommendations to retain ocean biodiversity:
increase the number of ocean reserves
The answer is conservation. The passage states, "These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation." This means the hotspots help identify places where conservation should be targeted, making 'conservation' the correct answer.
Associated Text:
These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation.
The answer is food. The text says, "The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food, but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots – the remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard." This shows that not all hotspots were rich in food, making 'food' the correct answer.
Associated Text:
The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food, but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots – the remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard.
The answer is surface. According to the script, "in all cases, the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures, even when it was cool at greater depths." This makes 'surface' the correct answer for where the higher temperatures were found in ocean hotspots.
Associated Text:
the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures, even when it was cool at greater depths
The answer is oxygen. The passage explains, "because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it – so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish." This confirms 'oxygen' is the word completing the point about water requirements in hotspots.
Associated Text:
because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it – so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish.
The answer is mammals. The script says, "Lisa Ballance, who was working in California, also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish – what she was interested in was marine mammals, things like seals." Thus, 'mammals' is the correct answer as the type of creatures she studied.
Associated Text:
what she was interested in was marine mammals, things like seals.
The answer is ice. The passage notes, "One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice – sometimes under a layer up to 20 metres thick." So, 'ice' best fits the blank for the physical feature under which the new ocean species were living.
Associated Text:
there were large numbers of species which live below the ice – sometimes under a layer up to 20 metres thick.
The answer is decline. The relevant script says, "then thirdly they calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening." This means the assessment considers the rate of decline for each species.
Associated Text:
then thirdly they calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.
The answer is map. The passage explicitly states, "For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution." Therefore, 'map' is correct for what they make for each species.
Associated Text:
For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution.
The answer is migration. The script says, "we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely." This means 'migration' completes the idea of the type of corridors needed.
Associated Text:
we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely.
The answer is consumption. According to the passage, "If these commercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective, so that, only the fish wanted for consumption were caught, this problem could be overcome." Thus, 'consumption' is the purpose for which fish should be caught.
Associated Text:
so that, only the fish wanted for consumption were caught, this problem could be overcome.
