Questions 33-40
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.
Reasons why birds migrate:
- provided that they have enough food, many species can endure freezing temperatures
Types of migration:
Permanent animal residents do not migrate
Medium-distance migrants travel within states in North America
- cover distances spanning from North to South America
Origins of long-distance migration:
Migratory restlessness:
Navigation:
Birds migrating for the first time often travel on their own
The answer is south. The script says, “As winter approaches and the availability of insects and other food drops, the birds move south again.” This clearly supports that birds that nest in the Northern Hemisphere fly south in the autumn.
Associated Text:
As winter approaches and the availability of insects and other food drops, the birds move south again.
The answer is distances. The script states, “One way to look at migration is to consider the distances travelled.” This means migration types can be classified by the distances travelled by the birds.
Associated Text:
One way to look at migration is to consider the distances travelled.
The answer is elevations. The script provides: “Short-distance migrants, as you might expect, move only a short distance, as from higher to lower elevations on a mountainside.” This directly connects short-distance migration with movement between different elevations.
Associated Text:
Short-distance migrants, as you might expect, move only a short distance, as from higher to lower elevations on a mountainside.
The answer is breeding. The script describes long-distance migrants as those that “typically move from breeding ranges in the United States and Canada to wintering grounds in Central and South America.” This means they move between breeding and wintering sites.
Associated Text:
long-distance migrants typically move from breeding ranges in the United States and Canada to wintering grounds in Central and South America.
The answer is food. The script clarifies: “While short-distance migration probably developed from a fairly simple need for food, the origins of long-distance migration patterns are much more complex.” So, the more complex reasons refer to factors other than just a need for food.
Associated Text:
While short-distance migration probably developed from a fairly simple need for food, the origins of long-distance migration patterns are much more complex.
The answer is young. The script states: “The seasonal abundance of insect food and greater day length allowed them to raise more young (4–6 on average), than their stay-at-home tropical relatives (2–3 on average).” Therefore, long-distance migration allowed birds to have more young.
Associated Text:
The seasonal abundance of insect food and greater day length allowed them to raise more young (4–6 on average), than their stay-at-home tropical relatives (2–3 on average).
The answer is cage. The script mentions: “For centuries, people who have kept cage birds have noticed that the migratory species go through a period of restlessness each spring and fall, repeatedly fluttering toward one side of their cage.” This means even migratory birds in a cage get restless.
Associated Text:
For centuries, people who have kept cage birds have noticed that the migratory species go through a period of restlessness each spring and fall, repeatedly fluttering toward one side of their cage.
The answer is landmarks. The script explains: “They also get information from the position of the setting sun and from landmarks seen during the day.” This shows that visual landmarks help with direction during migration.
Associated Text:
They also get information from the position of the setting sun and from landmarks seen during the day.
