Questions 14-19
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 14-19
on your answer sheet.
14. What point does the writer make about Al in the first paragraph?
15. What is the writer doing in the second paragraph?
16. Why does the writer mention the story of King Midas?
17. What challenge does the writer refer to in the fourth paragraph?
18. What does the writer suggest about the future of Al in the fifth paragraph?
19. Which of the following best summarises the writer's argument in the sixth paragraph?
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "It is hard to predict how quickly Al will progress.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "These successes are still examples of narrow Al, in which machines perform highly specialised tasks, but many experts think that restriction will not last for long.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "A great deal can be learned about the use of Al in chess machines.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "These successes are still examples of narrow Al, in which machines perform highly specialised tasks, but many experts think that restriction will not last for long.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "The future is unlikely to bring limits on the capabilities of Al." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "These successes are still examples of narrow Al, in which machines perform highly specialised tasks, but many experts think that restriction will not last for long.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "Experts differ on which specialised tasks Al will be able to perform.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "These successes are still examples of narrow Al, in which machines perform highly specialised tasks, but many experts think that restriction will not last for long.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
These successes are still examples of narrow Al, in which machines perform highly specialised tasks, but many experts think that restriction will not last for long.
(A) is correct. Choice A matches the question because "explaining why machines will be able to outdo humans" is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Machines would not share many physical limits on human intelligence.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "describing the features that humans and machines share", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Machines would not share many physical limits on human intelligence.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "providing information about the development of machine intelligence", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Machines would not share many physical limits on human intelligence.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "showing which aspects of humans are the most advanced", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Machines would not share many physical limits on human intelligence.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
Machines would not share many physical limits on human intelligence.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "to compare different views of progress", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Folklore repeatedly shows the danger of asking for the wrong thing: King Midas, for instance, wished that everything he touched would become gold, but he did not mean his breakfast to be included.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "to show that poorly defined objectives can go wrong" is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Folklore repeatedly shows the danger of asking for the wrong thing: King Midas, for instance, wished that everything he touched would become gold, but he did not mean his breakfast to be included.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "to stress the need for cooperation", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Folklore repeatedly shows the danger of asking for the wrong thing: King Midas, for instance, wished that everything he touched would become gold, but he did not mean his breakfast to be included.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "to indicate the financial advantages of a course of action", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Folklore repeatedly shows the danger of asking for the wrong thing: King Midas, for instance, wished that everything he touched would become gold, but he did not mean his breakfast to be included.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
Folklore repeatedly shows the danger of asking for the wrong thing: King Midas, for instance, wished that everything he touched would become gold, but he did not mean his breakfast to be included.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "encouraging humans to act in a more principled way", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "One difficulty is that humans are not reliably human-friendly ourselves.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "deciding which values we want Al to hold with us", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "One difficulty is that humans are not reliably human-friendly ourselves.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "creating a better world for every creature on the planet", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "One difficulty is that humans are not reliably human-friendly ourselves.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "ensuring Al is more human-friendly than we are ourselves" is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "One difficulty is that humans are not reliably human-friendly ourselves.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
Associated Text:
One difficulty is that humans are not reliably human-friendly ourselves.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "The safety of machines will become a major issue.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Fortunately, they should be intelligent enough for this task: if paths to the moral high ground exist, machines should be better than humans at finding those paths and guiding us towards them.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "It is difficult to know what impact machines will have on the world.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Fortunately, they should be intelligent enough for this task: if paths to the moral high ground exist, machines should be better than humans at finding those paths and guiding us towards them.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is correct. Choice C matches the question because "Machines will be better than humans in certain respects." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "Fortunately, they should be intelligent enough for this task: if paths to the moral high ground exist, machines should be better than humans at finding those paths and guiding us towards them.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
(D) is incorrect. Choice D says "Many humans will resist machines having a wider role.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "Fortunately, they should be intelligent enough for this task: if paths to the moral high ground exist, machines should be better than humans at finding those paths and guiding us towards them.". Because Choice D does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
Associated Text:
Fortunately, they should be intelligent enough for this task: if paths to the moral high ground exist, machines should be better than humans at finding those paths and guiding us towards them.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "More intelligent machines will lead to greater abuses of power.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "This is difficult because humans are tribal, conflicted about ideals, and often ignore the suffering of strangers or even contribute to it indirectly.". Because Choice A does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(B) is incorrect. Choice B says "Machine learning will have very few features in common with human learning.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "This is difficult because humans are tribal, conflicted about ideals, and often ignore the suffering of strangers or even contribute to it indirectly.". Because Choice B does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "There are few people with the knowledge to program machines.", but the passage evidence for the correct answer is "This is difficult because humans are tribal, conflicted about ideals, and often ignore the suffering of strangers or even contribute to it indirectly.". Because Choice C does not express that same idea, it should not be chosen.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "Human weaknesses will make creating the machines we need more difficult." is the idea supported by the passage evidence: "This is difficult because humans are tribal, conflicted about ideals, and often ignore the suffering of strangers or even contribute to it indirectly.". The wording may be paraphrased, but it points to the same meaning.
Associated Text:
This is difficult because humans are tribal, conflicted about ideals, and often ignore the suffering of strangers or even contribute to it indirectly.
