Questions 14-20
Choose heading iv because it gives the main idea of the paragraph. The supporting evidence is: "The development of the pyramid shape has been debated for many generations, but in Egypt one point is certain: the tradition began with a single monument, made for a single king and planned by an exceptional architect, the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.". This sentence shows what the paragraph is mainly about, rather than just mentioning a small detail.
Associated Text:
The development of the pyramid shape has been debated for many generations, but in Egypt one point is certain: the tradition began with a single monument, made for a single king and planned by an exceptional architect, the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.
Choose heading vii because it gives the main idea of the paragraph. The supporting evidence is: "For reasons still not fully understood, Djoser's chief official Imhotep imagined a higher and more impressive royal tomb, created by placing stone slabs one above another and reducing their size as they rose, producing what is now called the Step Pyramid.". This sentence shows what the paragraph is mainly about, rather than just mentioning a small detail.
Associated Text:
For reasons still not fully understood, Djoser's chief official Imhotep imagined a higher and more impressive royal tomb, created by placing stone slabs one above another and reducing their size as they rose, producing what is now called the Step Pyramid.
Choose heading ii because it gives the main idea of the paragraph. The supporting evidence is: "The immense weight of the structure created a serious challenge, so the stones were set on an inward slope to stop the monument from breaking apart.". This sentence shows what the paragraph is mainly about, rather than just mentioning a small detail.
Associated Text:
The immense weight of the structure created a serious challenge, so the stones were set on an inward slope to stop the monument from breaking apart.
Choose heading v because it gives the main idea of the paragraph. The supporting evidence is: "Its surrounding complex was comparable in scale to an ancient Egyptian city, containing a temple, courtyards, shrines and living quarters for the priests.". This sentence shows what the paragraph is mainly about, rather than just mentioning a small detail.
Associated Text:
Its surrounding complex was comparable in scale to an ancient Egyptian city, containing a temple, courtyards, shrines and living quarters for the priests.
Choose heading i because it gives the main idea of the paragraph. The supporting evidence is: "Among the most puzzling objects found inside were more than 40,000 stone vessels, varying in shape and form, discovered in storerooms beside the underground passages.". This sentence identifies both the areas and artefacts within the pyramid.
Associated Text:
Among the most puzzling objects found inside were more than 40,000 stone vessels, varying in shape and form, discovered in storerooms beside the underground passages.
Choose heading viii because it gives the main idea of the paragraph. The supporting evidence is: "Djoser's grave goods, and even his body, disappeared at some point in antiquity, leaving archaeologists only a small number of valuables that the robbers had missed.". This sentence shows what the paragraph is mainly about, rather than just mentioning a small detail.
Associated Text:
Djoser's grave goods, and even his body, disappeared at some point in antiquity, leaving archaeologists only a small number of valuables that the robbers had missed.
Choose heading vi because it gives the main idea of the paragraph. The supporting evidence is: "The Step Pyramid was therefore a radical architectural advance and became the model followed by the later builders of Egypt's great pyramids.". This sentence shows what the paragraph is mainly about, rather than just mentioning a small detail.
Associated Text:
The Step Pyramid was therefore a radical architectural advance and became the model followed by the later builders of Egypt's great pyramids.
Questions 21-24
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer from the passage for each answer.
Djoser's early stone monument
Use "City" because the passage says the complex was comparable in scale to an ancient Egyptian city.
Associated Text:
The immense weight of the structure created a serious challenge, so the stones were set on an inward slope to stop the monument from breaking apart.
Use "Priests" because the passage says the complex included living quarters for the priests.
Associated Text:
Its surrounding complex was comparable in scale to an ancient Egyptian city, containing a temple, courtyards, shrines and living quarters for the priests.
Use "Trench" because the passage says a trench ran outside the wall.
Associated Text:
Thirteen false doors were cut into this wall, while the only real entrance lay in the south-east corner; outside the wall ran a trench 750 meters long and 40 meters wide.
Use "Location" because the passage says visitors needed to know the location of the true opening.
Associated Text:
These false entrances and the trench were intended to keep out intruders, who could enter only if they already knew the location of the true opening.
Questions 25-26
Choose two letters A-D.
Which TWO of the following points does the writer make about King Djoser?
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "At first, he needed convincing to build with stone instead of clay.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Djoser is generally said to have ruled for 19 years, although some historians argue for a considerably longer reign because of the quantity and scale of the monuments built under him. Djoser's grave goods, and even his body, disappeared at some point in antiquity, leaving archaeologists only a small number of valuables that the robbers had missed.". That evidence does not give Choice A as one of the two required statements.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "Scholars disagree about how long he ruled." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Djoser is generally said to have ruled for 19 years, although some historians argue for a considerably longer reign because of the quantity and scale of the monuments built under him.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following points does the writer make about King Djoser?".
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "He did not value Imhotep's role in designing the Step Pyramid.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Djoser is generally said to have ruled for 19 years, although some historians argue for a considerably longer reign because of the quantity and scale of the monuments built under him. Djoser's grave goods, and even his body, disappeared at some point in antiquity, leaving archaeologists only a small number of valuables that the robbers had missed.". That evidence does not give Choice C as one of the two required statements.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "Only a small number of his belongings remained in his tomb when archaeologists discovered it." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Djoser's grave goods, and even his body, disappeared at some point in antiquity, leaving archaeologists only a small number of valuables that the robbers had missed.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following points does the writer make about King Djoser?".
Associated Text:
Djoser is generally said to have ruled for 19 years, although some historians argue for a considerably longer reign because of the quantity and scale of the monuments built under him.
(A) is incorrect. Choice A says "At first, he needed convincing to build with stone instead of clay.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Djoser is generally said to have ruled for 19 years, although some historians argue for a considerably longer reign because of the quantity and scale of the monuments built under him. Djoser's grave goods, and even his body, disappeared at some point in antiquity, leaving archaeologists only a small number of valuables that the robbers had missed.". That evidence does not give Choice A as one of the two required statements.
(B) is correct. Choice B matches the question because "Scholars disagree about how long he ruled." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Djoser is generally said to have ruled for 19 years, although some historians argue for a considerably longer reign because of the quantity and scale of the monuments built under him.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following points does the writer make about King Djoser?".
(C) is incorrect. Choice C says "He did not value Imhotep's role in designing the Step Pyramid.", but the supporting evidence for the correct answers is "Djoser is generally said to have ruled for 19 years, although some historians argue for a considerably longer reign because of the quantity and scale of the monuments built under him. Djoser's grave goods, and even his body, disappeared at some point in antiquity, leaving archaeologists only a small number of valuables that the robbers had missed.". That evidence does not give Choice C as one of the two required statements.
(D) is correct. Choice D matches the question because "Only a small number of his belongings remained in his tomb when archaeologists discovered it." is directly supported by the passage evidence: "Djoser's grave goods, and even his body, disappeared at some point in antiquity, leaving archaeologists only a small number of valuables that the robbers had missed.". That sentence gives one of the required ideas for "Which TWO of the following points does the writer make about King Djoser?".
Associated Text:
Djoser's grave goods, and even his body, disappeared at some point in antiquity, leaving archaeologists only a small number of valuables that the robbers had missed.
