IELTS Vocabulary Flashcard

Definition: Relating to the heart and blood vessels:

Example sentences:

• Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.

Definition: An insoluble substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibres such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers

Example sentences:

• Major constituents of the cell wall are cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins.

Definition: An infectious disease causing a mild fever and a rash of itchy inflamed pimples which turn to blisters and then loose scabs. It is caused by the herpes zoster virus and mainly affects children.

Example sentences:

• Generally, chickenpox is a milder illness for children than it is for adults.

Definition: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Example sentences:

• The sex chromosomes are placed to the right of the smallest autosomal chromosomes.

Definition: (Of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring

Example sentences:

• People with chronic respiratory or cardiovascular illness or immune system diseases are also more susceptible than others to pollutants.

Definition: The outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex), composed of folded grey matter and playing an important role in consciousness.

Example sentences:

• Careful prospective and controlled studies of autonomic function will clarify the roles of the cortex and the brainstem in the generation and expression of seizures.

Definition: (Of a disease) characterized by progressive deterioration and loss of function in the organs or tissues.

Example sentences:

• This damage impairs the immune system, leading to infections, cancer, or degenerative diseases such as heart disease.

Definition: Cause (a person or their body) to lose a large amount of water:

Example sentences:

• When a person is dehydrated by more than 2% of body weight, both heart rate and body temperature are elevated during exercise.

Definition: Relating to the process of digesting food:

Example sentences:

• Symptoms include increased blood pressure, cancers of the mouth and upper digestive system.

Definition: Breathe out in a deliberate manner:

Example sentences:

• The basic technique is what's call ‘continuous circular breathing’, where one breathes slowly and deeply, exhaling without pause and then inhaling, again without a pause or break.

Definition: Resistant to a particular infection or toxin owing to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells

Example sentences:

• Vaccinations allow you to become immune to an infection without having the illness first.

Definition: Make (a person or animal) immune to infection, typically by inoculation

Example sentences:

• We recorded use of preventive health services and immunisations at the final paediatric assessments.

Definition: Make (a person or animal) immune to infection, typically by inoculation

Example sentences:

• Stray dogs are carefully controlled, household dogs are immunized, and rabies vaccination is widely available.

Definition: The process of infecting or the state of being infected

Example sentences:

• This causes the skin to blister on contact, which can result in infection, sepsis, and death

Definition: An intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite which invades the red blood cells and is transmitted by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions

Example sentences:

• Preventable diseases such as malaria and diarrhea and cholera are a major killer.

Definition: The loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury

Example sentences:

• Traditional stroke symptoms were defined as loss of balance and paralysis of at least one part of the body.

Definition: A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

Example sentences:

• Symptoms and signs of influenza in children are not specific and can mimic a range of other common respiratory viral pathogens.

Definition: Any contagious disease that spreads rapidly and kills many people

Example sentences:

• Diseases like smallpox wiped out the indigenous people in a succession of plagues.

Definition: An infectious viral disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause temporary or permanent paralysis.

Example sentences:

• Unless polio is eliminated in India and Nigeria, global eradication cannot be achieved

Definition: A substance which has a molecular structure built up chiefly or completely from a large number of similar units bonded together

Example sentences:

• The ability of living organisms to define the molecular composition of a polymer with complete accuracy is an enviable one.

Definition: A tooth situated between the canine and the molar teeth. An adult human normally has eight, two in each jaw on each side.

Example sentences:

• The normal permanent dentition comprises four incisors, two canines, four premolars, and six molars in each jaw.

Definition: Relating to or affecting respiration or the organs of respiration

Example sentences:

• A cough may also be caused by inflammation of the upper respiratory track due to a viral infection due to the common cold or flu.

Definition: A layer at the back of the eyeball that contains cells sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.

Example sentences:

• The chip captures light that enters the eye, and generates an electrical signal that is transmitted to the overlaying neural cells of the retina.

Definition: Watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands, providing lubrication for chewing and swallowing, and aiding digestion

Example sentences:

• When the food doesn't go down, the mouth produces more saliva to try and lubricate everything into submission.

Definition: (ADJECTIVE) Related to saliva

Example sentences:

• Reflex secretion of saliva from the salivary glands under the tongue and in the cheeks is stimulated by chewing, taste and smell, to varying degrees.

Definition: The secretion of saliva

Example sentences:

• Vomiting may be preceded by nausea, which is often accompanied by increased autonomic nervous system activity, involving salivation, sweating, pallor, and low blood pressure.

Definition: enduring strength and energy

Example sentences:

• One of the great battles for a young dancer is finding the stamina to survive a solo without falling to pieces by the end.
• Is it possible for one to have the mental, emotional and even physical stamina at the same time?

Definition: Relating to the healing of disease:

Example sentences:

• It banned a drug which had considerable therapeutic value and was far less harmful than many other medicines.

Definition: (NOUN) vaccinate

Example sentences:

• There are also some major infectious diseases for which vaccinations have not been developed. Without vaccination, it can take days or weeks to acquire immunity to a particular disease.

Definition: An antigenic substance prepared from the causative agent of a disease or a synthetic substitute, used to provide immunity against one or several diseases

Example sentences:

• These children show few adverse reactions to routine vaccinations, including live vaccines. There is no vaccine against HIV infection.

Definition: Each of the four connected fluid-filled cavities in the centre of the brain.

Example sentences:

• There was no definite plane between the tumor and the floor of the fourth ventricle.