必考雅思单字 - 植物學

Chlorophyll is located in a plant’s chloroplasts, which are tiny structures in a plant’s cells. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Phytoplankton, the microscopic floating plants that form the basis of the entire marine food web, contain chlorophyll, which is why high phytoplankton concentrations can make water look green.

葉綠素位於植物的葉綠體中，葉綠體是植物細胞中的微小結構。這是光合作用發生的地方。浮游植物是構成整個海洋食物網基礎的微小漂浮植物，含有葉綠素，這就是為什麼高濃度的浮游植物可以使水看起來綠色的原因。

Insects and wind are the main agents of cross-pollination.

昆蟲和風是異花授粉的主要媒介。

Sometimes cross pollinating is used intentionally in the garden to create new varieties. For example, a popular hobby is to cross pollinate tomato varieties to attempt to create new, better varieties

有時在花園中有意使用異花授粉來創造新品種。例如，一個流行的愛好是對番茄品種進行異花授粉，以嘗試創造新的、更好的品種

Deciduous plants lose their leaves to conserve water or to better survive winter weather conditions.

落葉植物失去葉子以節約水分或更好地在冬季天氣條件下生存。

Spent flower stems can be removed as well as dead leaves but leave healthy foliage to die back naturally.

可以去除用過的花莖和枯葉，但留下健康的葉子自然枯萎。

Overwintering herbaceous plants or evergreen trees can only survive the winter seasons of cold climates when they are able to acclimate.

越冬的草本植物或常綠喬木只有在能夠適應寒冷氣候的冬季才能生存。

Most flowers produce nectar just to attract pollinators.

大多數花產生花蜜只是為了吸引傳粉者。

Penguins congregate in groups to stay warm. With their group congregations, they are able to reproduce their offspring in extremely cold temperatures.

企鵝聚集成群取暖。通過他們的群體會眾，他們能夠在極冷的溫度下繁殖後代。

Typically, crossbreeding is done because it can help the offspring gain important traits, such as resistance to disease, different colors in the cases of flowers, or enhanced productivity or nutritional value.

通常，進行雜交是因為它可以幫助後代獲得重要的特徵，例如對疾病的抵抗力、花朵的不同顏色，或者提高生產力或營養價值。

 Perennials have the capacity to live through many successive growing seasons.

多年生植物有能力經歷許多連續的生長季節。

This is a perennial plant with greenish-yellow flowers.

這是一種多年生植物，有黃綠色的花朵。

There is a perennial urban problem of drugs and homelessness.

長期存在毒品和無家可歸的城市問題。

There's a perennial shortage of teachers with science qualifications.

具有科學資格的教師長期短缺。

To avoid the production of oxygen via photosynthesis, plants were kept in the dark

為了避免通過光合作用產生氧氣，植物被保持在黑暗中

Two key metabolic factors in photosynthetic cells have been shown to regulate photosynthesis. In photosynthetic organisms light is an essential factor for growth and development.

光合細胞中的兩個關鍵代謝因素已被證明可以調節光合作用。在光合生物中，光是生長和發育的重要因素。

Detoxification once referred to the process of removing some specific poisonous substance from the body.

解毒曾經是指從體內去除某些特定有毒物質的過程。

Insects that visit flowers are in search of pollen and nectar. Most flowers produce nectar just to attract pollinators. The higher the concentration of sugar in the nectar, the more attractive it is to pollinators.

訪問花朵的昆蟲正在尋找花粉和花蜜。大多數花產生花蜜只是為了吸引傳粉者。花蜜中的糖分濃度越高，對傳粉者的吸引力就越大。

A bee pollinates a flower with the help of wind.

蜜蜂在風的幫助下為花朵授粉。

When a bee, for example, pollinates a flower, it helps the plant reproduce.

例如，當一隻蜜蜂為一朵花授粉時，它有助於植物繁殖。

Pollinators such as bees, that pollinate nuts, fruits and vegetables, are directly or indirectly responsible for a significant part of the world’s crop production. The decline of pollinators can impact future food production capabilities. Therefore the diminishing bee population is a serious concern.

蜜蜂等為堅果、水果和蔬菜授粉的授粉媒介直接或間接地對世界作物生產的重要部分負責。傳粉媒介的減少會影響未來的糧食生產能力。因此，蜜蜂數量的減少是一個嚴重的問題。

Self-pollination is a type of pollination that involves only one flower.

自花授粉是一種只涉及一朵花的授粉方式。

The disadvantage of self-pollination is a reduction in genetic diversity because the sperm and egg cells of the same flower share genetic information.

自花授粉的缺點是遺傳多樣性降低，因為同一朵花的精子和卵細胞共享遺傳信息。

Honeybees are the primary pollinators for a variety of important fruit crops.

蜜蜂是多種重要水果作物的主要授粉者。

Pollinators such as bees, that pollinate nuts, fruits and vegetables, are directly or indirectly responsible for a significant part of the world’s crop production. The decline of pollinators can impact future food production capabilities. Therefore the diminishing bee population is a serious concern.

蜜蜂等為堅果、水果和蔬菜授粉的授粉媒介直接或間接地對世界作物生產的重要部分負責。傳粉媒介的減少會影響未來的糧食生產能力。因此，蜜蜂數量的減少是一個嚴重的問題。

Their first step was to obtain resin from the pine trees which at that time grew in dense forests throughout Europe.

他們的第一步是從當時生長在整個歐洲茂密森林中的松樹中獲取樹脂。

Cross-pollination involves the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different flower. This type of pollination results in an increase because the different flowers are sharing and mixing their genetic information to create unique genetic diversity.

異花授粉涉及花粉從一朵花的花藥轉移到另一朵花的柱頭上。這種類型的授粉導致增加，因為不同的花正在共享和混合它們的遺傳信息以創造獨特的遺傳多樣性。

Perennials have the capacity to live through many successive growing seasons.

多年生植物有能力經歷許多連續的生長季節。

Jackson was the winner for a second successive year.

傑克遜連續第二年獲得冠軍。

Succulent 是名詞和形容詞，意思是「多汁的（形容詞）；肉質植物（名詞）」。

The chef prepared a succulent roast that had everyone asking for seconds.

廚師準備了一道多汁的烤肉，讓每個人都想再來一份。

Succulents are popular indoor plants because they require minimal watering.

肉質植物是受歡迎的室內植物，因為它們需要的澆水量很少。

She added some succulent pieces of pineapple to the fruit salad.

她在水果沙拉中加入了一些多汁的鳳梨塊。

Flat Woods came from the even level of height of oak trees in that heavily timbered area.

平坦的伍茲來自那個樹木繁茂的地區，橡樹的高度均勻。