Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in 1-2 on your answer sheet.
A product made from recycled paper is quality to the original paper.
The recycling process involving the collection of waste paper and the production of new paper requires the use of .
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in 3-7 on your answer sheet.
From the perspective of reusing, the paper has two points of interest over minerals and oil in that initially, it originates from an resource which is What's more, since paper is , it is less harmful to the environment as a waste product. Australia's record of reusing waste paper is relatively good, as it utilizes a mix of some reused fiber and some to make new paper. Today, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for . Advanced in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in . Yet, there are still some paper products cannot be collected for re-use such as photo paper.
Complete the flow chart below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in 8-12 on your answer sheet.
8
9
10
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Paper Recycling
Paper is not quite the same as other waste humans create. This is, in part, due to the fact that trees are sustainable as a resource. The minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals are quite different, as trees are replaceable. Paper is additionally biodegradable, so it doesn't present as much danger to the earth after people dispose of it. While 45 out of each 100 tons of wood fiber used to make paper in Australia originates from waste paper, the rest comes specifically from virgin fiber from woodlands and ranches. This average compares favorably with the world average of 33 percent waste paper. Governments are now trying to encourage the collection of waste paper, as well as improving sorting techniques. At the same time, the paper business has reacted by trying to develop new innovations to more effectively reuse paper, such as making better use of recycled fiber. Subsequently, the industry's increased dependence on recycled fibers will likely double compared to the rate of virgin fiber over the coming years.
Already, waste paper represents 70% of packaging paper currently being used, and technological advancements have allowed ink from the paper to be removed more easily. This has led to more reused newspaper. To accomplish the advantages of reusing, whole communities should contribute as well, and accept changes in the nature of paper items. For instance, stationery might need to be less white and have a rougher texture. The community will also need to make an effort to improve waste paper collection. Paper must be made available to collectors, as well as be sorted by variety. Other items such as staples, paper clips, string and miscellaneous things on the paper must be removed, as well.
Technically, limitations exist concerning how much paper can be recycled, as well as restrictions on some paper products that can’t be collected to use again. Some of these are paper products such as books, permanent records, photo paper and heavily contaminated paper. There are four sources of paper for recycling which are seen most commonly. First, factories and retail stores may gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered. Secondly, offices have excess business documents and printed paper. Third are paper converters and printers, and fourth are households throwing away newspapers and packing materials. The paper manufacturer may need to pay to make the paper, as well as pay its collection cost.
Paper must then be sorted by hand after its collection. The sorters themselves are people trained to be able to recognize different kinds of paper. Sorting allows different types of paper which can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fiber to be separated. After sorting, the paper is repulped by being mixed with water and broken down to the individual fibers which formed it. This mixture, known as stock, could have many different kinds of contaminating materials within it, especially when made from poorly sorted waste paper. Some machines can be used to clean out contaminants from the stock. Once the repulping process is complete, printed waste paper fibers soaked with ink turn grey. Therefore, only products where the grey colour does not matter are able to make use of this type of recycled material, such as cardboard boxes. On the other hand, when the paper’s color matters, the ink must be removed from the fibers. This can be achieved by adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. To make the recycled fibers into paper, they must also first be refined to help the fibers bond together.
Most paper products are made with both some virgin fiber and some recycled fibres. Unlike glass, paper is limited in that it cannot be recycled infinitely. The majority of paper products are “down-cycled,” meaning that the recycled products derived from the original paper are of inferior quality. However, the process of recycling paper helps cut costs and reduce waste, saving in areas such as energy, labor and capital necessary to produce virgin pulp. But at the same time, the process of recycling also uses fossil fuel in order to collect waste paper and process it into new paper. This means that unfortunately, recycling requires the use of a non-renewable source of energy. In addition to that, the recycling process has continued to create emissions which must be dealt with properly before they are able to be safely released. But overall, the process of paper recycling remains a significant practice for both the economy and environment, even though it must be done in a rational and viable way to ensure that it is useful, and clean, for industries and the communities alike.
Reading Passage Vocabulary
Paper is not quite the same as other waste humans create. This is, in part, due to the fact that trees are sustainable as a resource. The minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals are quite different, as trees are replaceable. Paper is additionally biodegradable, so it doesn't present as much danger to the earth after people dispose of it. While 45 out of each 100 tons of wood fiber used to make paper in Australia originates from waste paper, the rest comes specifically from virgin fiber from woodlands and ranches. This average compares favorably with the world average of 33 percent waste paper. Governments are now trying to encourage the collection of waste paper, as well as improving sorting techniques. At the same time, the paper business has reacted by trying to develop new innovations to more effectively reuse paper, such as making better use of recycled fiber. Subsequently, the industry's increased dependence on recycled fibers will likely double compared to the rate of virgin fiber over the coming years.
Already, waste paper represents 70% of packaging paper currently being used, and technological advancements have allowed ink from the paper to be removed more easily. This has led to more reused newspaper. To accomplish the advantages of reusing, whole communities should contribute as well, and accept changes in the nature of paper items. For instance, stationery might need to be less white and have a rougher texture. The community will also need to make an effort to improve waste paper collection. Paper must be made available to collectors, as well as be sorted by variety. Other items such as staples, paper clips, string and miscellaneous things on the paper must be removed, as well.
Technically, limitations exist concerning how much paper can be recycled, as well as restrictions on some paper products that can’t be collected to use again. Some of these are paper products such as books, permanent records, photo paper and heavily contaminated paper. There are four sources of paper for recycling which are seen most commonly. First, factories and retail stores may gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered. Secondly, offices have excess business documents and printed paper. Third are paper converters and printers, and fourth are households throwing away newspapers and packing materials. The paper manufacturer may need to pay to make the paper, as well as pay its collection cost.
Paper must then be sorted by hand after its collection. The sorters themselves are people trained to be able to recognize different kinds of paper. Sorting allows different types of paper which can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fiber to be separated. After sorting, the paper is repulped by being mixed with water and broken down to the individual fibers which formed it. This mixture, known as stock, could have many different kinds of contaminating materials within it, especially when made from poorly sorted waste paper. Some machines can be used to clean out contaminants from the stock. Once the repulping process is complete, printed waste paper fibers soaked with ink turn grey. Therefore, only products where the grey colour does not matter are able to make use of this type of recycled material, such as cardboard boxes. On the other hand, when the paper’s color matters, the ink must be removed from the fibers. This can be achieved by adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. To make the recycled fibers into paper, they must also first be refined to help the fibers bond together.
Most paper products are made with both some virgin fiber and some recycled fibres. Unlike glass, paper is limited in that it cannot be recycled infinitely. The majority of paper products are “down-cycled,” meaning that the recycled products derived from the original paper are of inferior quality. However, the process of recycling paper helps cut costs and reduce waste, saving in areas such as energy, labor and capital necessary to produce virgin pulp. But at the same time, the process of recycling also uses fossil fuel in order to collect waste paper and process it into new paper. This means that unfortunately, recycling requires the use of a non-renewable source of energy. In addition to that, the recycling process has continued to create emissions which must be dealt with properly before they are able to be safely released. But overall, the process of paper recycling remains a significant practice for both the economy and environment, even though it must be done in a rational and viable way to ensure that it is useful, and clean, for industries and the communities alike.