TOEFL 리스닝 연습: 정답이 있는 무료 TOEFL 리스닝 테스트를 풀고 높은 TOEFL 리스닝 점수를 위한 핵심 팁 7가지를 배우세요

Answer: D

(D) That lot fills early. is correct because the man states, "I could wait downstairs until you lock up, but that lot is usually full well before the show starts." Hill parking fills early.

(A) He could wait downstairs until lockup. is incorrect because he later offers that and she tells him not to wait; it is not what he says about the lot.

(B) She still has receipts to finish. is incorrect because she later talks about those receipts; that is her office work, not a fact about the lot.

(C) She would only miss the first meteors. is incorrect because she later says that about stalling; it is not what he says about parking.

Transcript

Man: Want to catch the meteor shower viewing at the observatory hill tonight?

Woman: I'd love to, but I have to finish these receipts before the office closes.

Man: How much do you still have left?

Woman: Not too much. I just need to send the report.

Man: I could wait downstairs until you lock up, but that lot is usually full well before the show starts.

Woman: Don't wait. If I stall, I'll just miss the first meteors, not the whole shower.

Man: No rush. Text me when you're done and I'll take care of a place.

Woman: Deal. I'll ping you once I hit send on the report.

Answer: B

(B) The correct answer is A digital distribution model that disrupted the traditional publishing industry. The talk covers how digital publishing started as a supplement and displaced incumbents.

(A) is incorrect because library history alone isn't the focus. (C) is incorrect because self-publishing how-to isn't taught. (D) is incorrect because the opposite is demonstrated.

Transcript

Listen to a talk in a class about digital publishing.

Today, we're going to look at e-books and digital publishing—and how they've really shaken up the book industry. Digital publishing is a system where books, magazines, and other written content are created, distributed, and consumed electronically rather than in print. It's a model that has disrupted multiple sectors of the publishing world. The basic idea is that instead of buying physical books from a store, readers purchase or subscribe to digital versions that they can read on tablets, e-readers, or phones. It starts as a convenient supplement to print—offering instant downloads and lower prices—and then gradually expands until it captures a significant share of the market.

A classic example is what happened to independent bookstores. When e-book platforms first launched, many brick-and-mortar stores didn't take them seriously—they saw digital books as a passing fad for tech enthusiasts. But as e-readers became affordable and digital libraries grew, consumers realized how convenient it was to carry thousands of books on a single device. Independent stores that didn't find ways to add value—through events, community, and curated selections—saw their customer base shrink dramatically. Several major bookstore chains filed for bankruptcy as digital sales surged.

Digital publishing isn't without its downsides, though. Traditional publishers that can't adapt their business models face major revenue losses, and authors in the digital ecosystem often earn smaller royalties per sale than they would through traditional print deals.

Answer: C

(C) The correct answer is To explain different approaches companies use to find and hire talent and how they measure success. The talk covers three strategies and measurement metrics.

(A) is incorrect because no specific company is promoted. (B) is incorrect because profitability ranking isn't the purpose. (D) is incorrect because superiority of one method isn't argued.

Transcript

Listen to a talk in a class about talent acquisition strategies.

In today's competitive job market, attracting the right talent is just as important as keeping it. That's why so many companies invest in talent acquisition strategies—structured approaches designed to find, attract, and hire the best candidates for their open positions.

One common approach is employer branding. You know how it works—companies build a strong public image as a great place to work through social media, employee testimonials, and highlighting their culture and values. Tech startups are especially good at this, and it genuinely works because top candidates are drawn to companies that seem exciting and aligned with their values.

Now, another strategy is employee referral programs. Instead of relying solely on job boards and recruiters, companies incentivize their existing employees to recommend qualified candidates from their professional networks. This taps into the fact that people tend to know others with similar skills and work ethic. Many companies offer bonuses for successful referrals, and studies show referred candidates often perform better and stay longer.

A third approach that's gaining traction is skills-based hiring. Rather than screening candidates based on degrees or prestigious employers on their resume, companies focus on what candidates can actually do—using practical assessments, work samples, and structured interviews. This opens the talent pool to non-traditional candidates who may be highly capable but overlooked by conventional hiring filters.

So how do companies know if their acquisition strategies are working? They track metrics like time-to-hire, quality-of-hire scores, and offer acceptance rates. These numbers help businesses figure out which approaches are actually bringing in the right people and which ones need adjustment.

Answer: C

(C) To show how imprinting can be studied scientifically is correct because the speaker describes Lorenz’s method: “he separated goose eggs right after they hatched,” an experimental setup designed to isolate variables and observe imprinting under controlled conditions.

(A) To prove that birds cannot recognize humans is incorrect because the goslings did recognize and follow a human, contradicting that claim.

(B) To suggest that imprinting only works with geese is incorrect because the lecturer presents geese as an example, not as the sole species in which imprinting occurs.

(D) To highlight the dangers of human interaction with animals is incorrect because no negative consequences or dangers are discussed; the focus is on experimental observation.

Transcript

Listen to a talk on a podcast about biology.

Hi everyone, today we’re going to explore an interesting phenomenon in animal behavior called imprinting, especially as it occurs in birds. So, imprinting is a special form of learning that happens during a very sensitive period shortly after hatching. Basically, a young bird will form a strong attachment to the first moving object it sees – and usually, that object is its mother. Now, the scientist most famous for his work on this is Konrad Lorenz. In the 1930s, Lorenz did a classic experiment where he separated goose eggs right after they hatched. Some goslings saw Lorenz himself first, while others saw their actual mother. What happened? Well, the ones that saw Lorenz followed him everywhere, just like they would their real mother! So, this experiment really showed that imprinting is instinctive and that it doesn’t just have to be the biological parent – it’s the presence and movement that matters. Lorenz’s work has helped scientists understand how early experiences shape animal behavior long-term, and, interestingly, it’s even influenced how we think about childhood learning in humans.

Answer: B

(B) The correct answer is They are contributing to the massive plastic waste problem the speaker describes. The convenience model depends on single-use and disposal, generating massive waste.

(A) is incorrect because discarding plastics supports the opposite. (C) is incorrect because environmental friendliness isn't implied. (D) is incorrect because impact research isn't suggested.

Transcript

Listen to a talk in a class about plastic waste.

The single-use plastics industry operates on what you might call a convenience-at-all-costs model. Manufacturers produce enormous quantities of plastic bags, bottles, utensils, and packaging designed to be used once and thrown away. A typical example is plastic water bottles—petroleum is refined into plastic pellets, the bottles are molded and filled, consumers drink the water, and within minutes the bottle is discarded. It's estimated that humans produce over three hundred million tons of plastic waste every year, and less than ten percent is actually recycled.

The reusable alternatives movement pushes back against this by encouraging consumers to switch to durable, multi-use products. One strategy is designing attractive, functional reusable items—stainless steel water bottles, silicone food bags, beeswax wraps—that make the switch feel like an upgrade rather than a sacrifice. Companies are making these products stylish and convenient so consumers actually want to use them repeatedly.

Another approach focuses on infrastructure changes. Programs that install water refill stations in public spaces, eliminate plastic bags at checkout through fees or bans, and incentivize businesses to use compostable packaging are gaining traction in cities around the world. Take reusable cup programs at coffee chains—some shops now offer discounts for bringing your own cup, and, uh, a few have even switched to a deposit-and-return model where customers borrow a reusable cup and return it for cleaning. It's not a perfect system yet, but it's keeping tons of disposable cups out of landfills.

Answer: A

(A) The correct answer is I rode the first bus. This is the only choice that explains how the speaker got there so early.

(B) You can follow me there. is incorrect because it is an offer, not an explanation of how the speaker arrived.

(C) Usually about fifteen minutes. is incorrect because it gives a typical duration, not the method of travel.

(D) Even later than that. is incorrect because it is unrelated.

Transcript

How did you get here so early?