Calculating GMAT Score - Learn How to Calculate Your Overall Score & Why the Section Scores Don't Add Up

By calculating GMAT scores, we run into a discrepancy between the overall and total section scores. This often raises questions among test-takers about how to calculate GMAT scores. With the introduction of the GMAT Focus Edition, the test now comprises three main sections: Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights. Each section is scored on a scale from 60 to 90. However, the maximum overall GMAT score ranges from 205 to 805, which does not correspond to the sum of the maximum section scores (90 + 90 + 90 = 270). This article explores why the section scores don't add up to the overall score and how to calculate the GMAT score.

Calculating GMAT Score

While the exact formula is proprietary, the general process for calculating GMAT scores involves:

1. Obtain Scaled Scores: Receive scaled scores for each section (60–90 for Quantitative, Verbal, and Data Insights).
2. Algorithm Application: Input these scaled scores into the GMAT's scoring algorithm.
3. Derive Overall Score: The algorithm computes the overall score, ranging from 205 to 805, reported in 10-point increments.

Example:

Suppose a test-taker receives the following scaled scores:

• Quantitative Reasoning: Scaled Score = 80
• Verbal Reasoning: Scaled Score = 85
• Data Insights: Scaled Score = 90

These scores are processed through the GMAT's algorithm to produce an overall score (e.g., 750). The overall score is not a direct sum of the section scores but a result of the algorithm's comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, understanding the nuances of calculating GMAT scores can help test-takers set realistic expectations.

Understanding the Three GMAT Section Scores

The GMAT Focus Edition consists of the following sections:

1. Quantitative Reasoning (60–90): Assesses mathematical skills and understanding of fundamental quantitative concepts.
2. Verbal Reasoning (60–90): Evaluates reading comprehension, critical reasoning, and sentence correction abilities.
3. Data Insights (60–90): Measures the ability to analyze data and interpret information from various sources.

Each section's score ranges from 60 to 90, increasing in one-point increments.

The GMAT Overall Score

The GMAT overall score ranges from 205 to 805, increasing in 10-point increments. This overall score is not a simple sum of the individual section scores but is derived from a complex algorithm that considers performance across all sections. Understanding this algorithm is key to calculating GMAT scores accurately.

Why Section Scores Don't Sum Up to the Overall Score

The discrepancy arises because the GMAT uses a scaled scoring system and a proprietary algorithm to calculate the overall score:

• Scaled Scoring: Raw scores (the number of questions answered correctly) are converted into scaled scores for each section to account for variations in question difficulty across different test versions.
• Statistical Equating: This process ensures that scores are comparable across different test administrations by adjusting for any slight differences in difficulty.
• Proprietary Algorithm: The overall score is calculated using an algorithm that takes into account the scaled scores from all three sections, applying specific weightings and adjustments that are not publicly disclosed. This makes calculating GMAT scores based on section scores a non-linear process.

The Rationale Behind the Scoring System

The GMAT's scoring system is designed to provide a fair and accurate assessment of a candidate's abilities:

• Fair Comparison: Scaled scoring and statistical equating ensure that all scores are comparable, regardless of when or where the test was taken.
• Predictive Validity: The scoring model aims to accurately predict a candidate's potential for success in graduate management programs.
• Differentiation Among Test-Takers: A wider overall score range allows admissions committees to make finer distinctions between applicants.

Conclusion

Understanding the GMAT scoring system is crucial for test-takers aiming for top scores. The overall score does not simply sum the section scores due to the use of scaled scoring, statistical equating, and a proprietary algorithm involved in calculating GMAT scores. By striving for strong performance in Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights, candidates can maximize their overall score and improve their chances of admission to competitive business schools.