主格、受格、所有格、所有格代名詞、反身代名詞
人稱 | 主格 | 所有格 | 受格 | 所有格代名詞 | 反身代名詞 |
第一人稱(單) | I | my | me | mine | myself |
第二人稱(單) | you | your | you | yours | yourself |
第三人稱(單) | he | his | him | his | himself |
she | her | her | hers | herself |
it | its | it | its | itself |
第一人稱(複) | we | our | us | ours | ourselves |
第二人稱(複) | you | your | you | yours | yourselves |
第三人稱(複) | they | their | them | theirs | themselves |
▶️ 主格、受格
主格的使用時機是作為句子的主詞。受格的使用時機是作為句子的受詞，放在句子裡的動詞或是介系詞後面。
I am pretty worried about him.
我很擔心他。
She was ill so I sent her some flowers to cheer her up.
她生病了，所以我送一些花給她讓她開心。
I would like to find Debbie and talk to her about this.
我想找到黛比，和她談談這件事。
Please remove your passport from the protective case and present it to the security agent.
請從保護套中取出您的護照，並將其提交給安檢人員。
I regret to inform you that due to unforeseen circumstances we will not be able to process your order at this time.
很遺憾地通知您，由於不可預見的情況，我們目前無法處理您的訂單。
▶️ 所有格: 表達「某人的所有權」，後面接名詞
The doctor was impressed with his quick recovery.
他的快速復元讓醫生刮目相看。
Everyone has their own ideas about the best way to bring up children.
對於養育孩子的最佳方式，每個人都有自己的想法。
The actress received rave reviews for her performance in the new film and her career is now on the rise.
這位女演員在新片中的表演獲得好評如潮，她的事業正蒸蒸日上。
Since Mr. Anderson will retire from the company next week, the monthly sales meeting of this month will be conducted in his absence.
由於安德森先生下週將從公司退休，本月的月度銷售會議將在他不在的情況下進行。
Taipei has proved its ability to host major international events such as the 2009 Deaflympics and 2010 Taipei International Flora Expo.
台北已經證明了它有能力舉辦大型國際活動，像是 2009 年聽障者奧林匹克運動會以及 2010 年的台北國際花卉博覽會。
▶️ 所有格代名詞：代替提過的「所有格 + 名詞」
I lost my textbook. Can you lend me yours?
我的教科書弄丟了。你可以借我你的嗎？
His car and mine are the same model, but have different colors.
他的車和我的車是同一型號，但顏色不同。
Dave's tickets cost much less than ours—I think we've been ripped off.
Dave (買)的票比我們的便宜多了——我想我們被敲詐了。
Your name was spelled correctly in the copy we gave to the printers, so the mistake was definitely theirs, not ours.
我們給印刷商的副本中您的名字拼寫正確，所以錯誤肯定是他們的，而不是我們的。
Nicky and I both have blown hair but hers is lighter than mine.
Nicky 和我的頭髮都是棕色的，但她的顏色稍淺一些。
A job like his would be much too demanding for me, but he enjoys that kind of life.
像他那樣的工作對我來說太過耗時費力了，但他很享受那種生活。
▶️ 反身代名詞
所謂反身代名詞，就是將動作反射到主詞上，當句子的主詞和受詞相同時，會用反身代名詞作為受詞。
I like to treat myself to a coffee in the morning.
我喜歡在早上喝杯咖啡犒賞我自己一下。
He cut himself shaving.
他刮鬍子時刮傷了自己。
She saw herself reflected in the shop window.
她看到自己倒映在櫥窗裡。
Alex taught himself to play the guitar.
Alex自學彈吉他。
The committee kept the results of the survey to itself, fearing a bad public reaction.
委員會擔心會引發不好的公眾反應，因此沒有公開調查結果。
有時候為了加強語氣，反身代名詞會放在句中或句尾。
The apartment itself is in a good condition, but the rent is too expensive.
公寓本身條件不錯，就是房租太貴了。
William himself fixed the bicycle.
William 自己修腳踏車
I won't be available to give the presentation to the client myself tomorrow.
我明天沒空親自給客戶做展示。
The movie itself is very good, with compelling characters and stunning visuals, but I just don't like the music.
電影本身非常好，有引人注目的角色和令人驚嘆的視覺效果，但我就是不喜歡那個音樂。
by + 反身代名詞: 表示獨自
She lives by herself in an enormous house.
她獨自一人住在一棟巨大的房子裡。
I don't mind going to the movies by myself; it can be quite peaceful.
我不介意一個人去看電影； 它可以是很平靜(的體驗)。
多益例題: All passengers are advised to check baggage claim tag to verify that retrieved bags are in fact ______.
(A) they
(B) them
(C) theirs
(D) themselves
此題答案為 (C)。
翻譯：建議所有乘客檢查行李提取標籤，以確認取回的行李確實是他們的。 |
多益例題: Since summer is the peak season, it is important that you notify ______ immediately of any errors regarding your airline reservation.
(A) ourselves
(B) we
(C) us
(D) our
此題答案為 (C)。
翻譯：由於夏季是旺季，因此請務必立即通知我們有關您的機票預訂的任何錯誤。 |
多益例題: The regional sales manager has asked Mr. Johnson to send ______ the final report of the quarterly sales figures by the end of the week.
(A) she
(B) her
(C) hers
(D) herself
此題答案為 (B)。
翻譯：區域銷售經理已要求強生先生在本週末之前將季度銷售數據的最終報告發送給她。 |
多益例題: The construction is now expected to be completed by October, two months ahead of ______ scheduled date.
(A) its
(B) it
(C) their
(D) them
此題答案為 (A)。
翻譯：目前預計該工程將於 10 月完成，比原定日期提前兩個月。 |
多益例題: The shop ______ started 15 years ago but the internet side of the business is new.
(A) themselves
(B) itself
(C) it
(D) its
此題答案為 (B)。
翻譯：這家商店本身成立於 15 年前，但網路方面的業務是新的。 |