五大句型動詞被動態攻略
我們在前面幾堂課學到了五大句型的動詞，同學們必須了解：並非所有五大句型的動詞都可以改寫成被動式，而且五大句型的動詞改寫成被動式後會也有一些不同，接下來我們來看看這些差異性 :
五大句型動詞被動語態攻略 |
(一) 第ㄧ跟第二大句型動詞無法使用被動式，因為動詞後面沒有受詞 (二) 第三大句型句子中有ㄧ個受詞，改成被動式後，受詞跑到前面當主詞 (三) 第四大句型句子中有二個受詞，改成被動式後，第一個受詞跑到前面當主詞，後面還會剩下一個受詞 (四) 第五大句型句子中有受詞和受詞補語，改成被動式後，受詞跑到前面當主詞，後面還會剩下受詞補語 |
▶️ 第三大句型動詞的被動語態
第三大句型句子中有ㄧ個受詞，改成被動式後，受詞跑到前面當主詞。
Apple will discontinue iMac Pro next year. = iMac Pro will be discontinued by Apple next year.
Apple 將於明年停產 iMac Pro = iMac Pro 將於明年由 Apple 停產。
The procurement department recruited Mr. Bentley. = Mr. Bentley was recruited by the procurement department.
採購部招聘了本特利先生 = 本特利先生被採購部招聘。
The customer services department deals with complaints. = Complaints are dealt with by the customer services department.
客戶服務部門處理投訴 = 投訴由客戶服務部門處理。
The upper management instruct employees regularly to ensure their work is of the highest quality and conforms to the regulations. = Employees are instructed regularly to ensure their work is of the highest quality and conforms to the regulations.
高層管理人員定期指導員工確保他們的工作質量最高並符合規定 = 員工定期由高層管理人員指導以確保他們的工作質量最高並符合規定。
Due to space issues, we will hold the annual conference in the convention center this year. = Due to space issues, the annual conference will be held in the convention center this year.
由於場地問題，今年我們將在會展中心舉辦年會 = 由於場地問題，今年年會會在會展中心舉辦。
The bank will charge service fees for withdrawing money from the account. = Service fees will be charged for withdrawing money from the account.
若從帳戶取款銀行將會收取服務費 = 從帳戶取款將會被收取服務費。
▶️ 第四大句型動詞的被動語態
第四大句型句子中會有二個受詞，改成被動式後，第一個受詞跑到前面當主詞，後面還會剩下一個受詞。
OPH Corporation offered every employee an opportunity for promotion and a pay raise on a yearly basis. = At OPH Corporation, every employee was offered an opportunity for promotion and a pay raise on a yearly basis.
OPH 企業每年為每位員工提供晉升和加薪的機會 = 在 OPH 企業，每位員工每年都被提供晉升和加薪的機會。
The consultant advised the director that continued support of the AI project might lead to significant financial loss and little profit. = The director was advised that continued support of the AI project might lead to significant financial loss and little profit.
顧問建議主管，繼續支持人工智慧企劃可能會導致重大的財務損失和微薄的利潤 = 主管被顧問建議，繼續支持人工智慧企劃可能會導致重大的財務損失和微薄的利潤。
We have notified the customers that the requested item is currently out of stock. = The customers have been notified that the requested item is currently out of stock.
我們已經通知客戶，他們要求的商品目前缺貨 = 客戶已經被通知他們所要求的商品目前缺貨。
The voucher entitles you to 10% off all overseas flights. = With this voucher, you are entitled to 10% off all overseas flights.
這張優惠券可讓您享有所有海外航班 10％ 的折扣 = 有這張優惠券，您可以享有所有海外航班 10% 的折扣。
👉兩個受詞中間如果有介系詞，改成被動式後，介系詞要保留。
Mr.Smith will inform us of any new changes that he will make to the proposal. = We will be informed of any new changes that Mr.Smith will make to the proposal.
史密斯先生會通知我們他對提案做的任何更改 = 我們會被史密斯先生通知他對提案做的任何更改。
The unions assured the new owners of the workers' loyalty to the company. = The new owners are assured of the workers' loyalty to the company by the union.
工會向新老闆保證工人對公司的忠誠 = 新老闆由工會保證工人對公司的忠誠。
▶️ 第五大句型動詞的被動語態
第五大句型句子中有受詞和受詞補語，改成被動式後，受詞跑到前面當主詞，後面還會剩下受詞補語。
We should keep data confidential since it contains valuable information. = Data should be kept confidential since it contains valuable information.
我們應該對數據保密，因為它含有重要的資訊。
Many customers find our new shampoo bottles appealing. = Our new shampoo bottles are found appealing by our customers.
許多客戶認為我們的新洗髮精的外瓶很有吸引力。
The HR manager encourages employees to actively participate in the weekly training workshop. = Employees are encouraged to actively participate in the weekly training workshop.
人力資源經理鼓勵員工積極參加每週的培訓研討會。
Most of my friends considered the movie great. = The movie was considered great by most of my friends.
我大多數的朋友認為那部電影是好看的。
多益例題: Some service fees ______ for withdrawing money from the account.
(A) will be charging
(B) have charged
(C) charge
(D) will be charged
句子的主詞是 Some service fees，動詞是 chage， charge 的意思是"收取費用" ，用法為： - 收取費用的人事物 + charge + 人 + 費用 + for + something
- 收取費用的人事物 + charge + 費用 + for + something
例如: "The museum charges me $20 for admission." or "The museum charges $20 for admission." (博物館收取了 20 美元的入場費。)
由於題目中的主詞是 Some service fees，所以我們可以知道這句是由被動方式來寫，所以答案選(D)。
如果用主動方式來表達的話，句子可以改寫成： The bank will charge clients service fees for withdrawing money from the account.
翻譯：從帳戶取款時會被收取一些服務費。 |
多益例題: The panel composed of five scholars ______ to review the proposal.
(A) commissions
(B) are commissioned
(C) is commissioned
(D) will commission
從挖空後的題目來看，可以得知整個句子由一個主要子句以及一個形容詞子句簡化後的分詞片語組成：主要子句為“The panel _____ to review the proposal.”，而形容詞子句簡化後的分詞片語為“composed of five scholars”。因此可以得知空格要填入「動詞」，使主要子句成為符合文法規則的完整子句。而仔細看答案的四個選項，便可以得知此題測驗的是主動、被動語態以及主詞動詞一致性的應用。
「主動、被動語態的應用」： 根據題意判斷可以得知，專家小組是「被」委託來審查提案的，因此可以判斷此題使用的是「被動語態」，(A)commissions、(D)will commission 為主動語態，不符合題目文法需求，故不選。
「主詞動詞一致性的應用」： 題目主詞 The panel (意思為「專家小組」)為集合名詞。若要表達整體的概念，後方會加上單數動詞；若要表達一個團體的個體成員們分別做自己的事情的概念，後方會加上複數動詞。此題表達的概念為「整個(由五位學者所組成的)專家小組」受到委託來審查提案，因此後方會加上單數動詞，由此可以判斷(C) is commissioned 為正確答案。
選項解析： (A) commissions 為現在簡單式主動語態單數動詞，不符合題目文法需求，故不選。 (B) are commissioned 為現在簡單式被動語態，但主詞 The panel 在此題是表達整體的概念，後方會加上單數動詞，不符合題目文法需求，故不選。 (C) is commissioned 為現在簡單式第三人稱單數被動語態，且主詞 The panel 在此題是表達整體的概念，後方會加上單數動詞，符合題目文法需求，故為正確答案。 (D) will commission 為未來簡單式主動語態，不符合題目文法需求，故不選。
正確答案：(C) is commissioned
題目翻譯：由五位學者所組成的專家小組受到委託來審查提案。 |