Adverb Clauses Expressing Conditions
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Adverb clause
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Preposition
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Unless S + V
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In case (that) S + V
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In case of + N / Ving
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In the event that S + V
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In the event of + N / Ving
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If S+V = Provided that S+V
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On condition that S + V
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On condition of + N / Ving
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Assuming that S + V = Suppose S+V
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As long as S + V
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As far as S + V
Whether S+V
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▶️ Unless
We won't be able to move to a bigger place
unless we find a
better-paying job.
▶️ If
If the weather gets better, I will attend the event.
Refunds are only available if items are returned within seven days.
▶️ Whether
Whether you go by bus or train. you're going to be late
In case (that) S + V = In case of + N / Ving
We have booked an indoor venue
in case it rains
tomorrow.
We have booked an indoor venue
in case of rain.
▶️ In the event that S = In the event of + N / Ving
In the event that the
performance is canceled, you can get your money back.
In the event of a
fire, please use the emergency exits to evacuate the building.
▶️ On condition that S + V
I will lend you my car
on condition that you
return it by tomorrow evening.
I will lend you my car
on condition of its
return by tomorrow evening.
▶️ Assuming that S + V = Suppose S+V
Assuming that the
earth is round, we should meet one day.
Suppose you won the
lottery—what would you do with the money?
▶️ As long as S + V
I can lend you some money,
as long as you promise
to give it back, including 10% interest.
TOEIC Example: _____ the appliance breaks down within a year of
purchase, the manufacturer is required to send the buyer a
replacement at no charge.
(A) While
(B) Until
(C) Since
(D) If
The correct answer is (D) If.
In this sentence, the word "If" is used as a conjunction introducing
a condition or situation which is supposed to happen or not happen.
The clause "the appliance breaks down within a year of purchase"
represents a condition. If this condition is met, then something
(the manufacturer is required to send the buyer a replacement at no
charge) will happen. Therefore, "If" is the most appropriate word to
use.
(A) While is incorrect because it is used to indicate simultaneous
actions or states, which is not the case in this sentence.
(B) Until is incorrect because it is used to denote a time point
before something happens. Here, the condition is not about time,
it's about an event (the appliance breaks down).
(C) Since is incorrect because it is mainly used to express the
reason or cause of something. Meanwhile, in this sentence, the
breakdown of the appliance is not a reason or cause; it's a
hypothetical situation.
In conclusion, the sentence is setting a condition using "if", not
expressing time with "until", not showing simultaneous action with
"while", and not stating a cause with "since".
TOEIC Example: The goal of ending poverty would be achievable ____
consumption per person in developing countries increases by around 4
percent a year.
(A) whereas
(B) even
(C) in order that
(D) as long as
The correct answer is (D) as long as.
"As long as" is a conjunction that is often used to express a
condition. In this sentence, it means that the goal of ending
poverty can be achieved on the condition that consumption per person
in developing countries increases by around 4 percent a year.
(A) "Whereas" is used to contrast two statements or facts. In this
sentence, there is no contrast between two facts or statements, so
"whereas" is not suitable.
(B) "Even" is generally not used as a conjunction. It often
emphasizes a surprising or extreme situation. It doesn't convey a
condition, so it's not suitable for this sentence.
(C) "In order that" is used to express a purpose or goal. In this
sentence, we need to express a condition, not a purpose or goal, so
"in order that" is not suitable.