多益閱讀 - 分詞構句

簡化副詞子句

只要是副詞子句和主要子句的「主詞一樣」，我們就可以用分詞構句方式來簡化句子。簡化的步驟為：

步驟一 :  

     把副詞子句的連接詞和主詞去掉，如果有助動詞，刪去助動詞

步驟二 :  

    (1)若副詞子句為主動，把動詞改為動名詞 (Ving)，如果轉換後的動詞是 being 也可省略

    (2) 若副詞子句為被動，則去掉 be動詞

例句一：

When I walked down the street last night, I saw James.

昨天晚上走在街上，我看到了詹姆斯。

👉 副詞子句和主要子句的主詞都是 I，所以可以簡化。

步驟一 : 我們首先去掉副詞子句中的連接詞 When 和主詞 I :

When I walked down the street yesterday night, I saw James.

步驟二 :  接下來再把動詞 walk 改成ing的形式，就會得到 :

Walking down the street last night, I saw James.

昨天晚上走在街上，我看到了詹姆斯。

例句二：

Since it is situated right downtown, the department store is always busy during the weekend.

由於這家百貨公司位於市中心，週末總是人多。

👉 副詞子句的主詞 it 代表的是主要子句主詞 the department store，所以我們可以用分詞構句進行簡化。

步驟一 : 我們首先去掉副詞子句中的連接詞 Since 和主詞 it

Since it is situated right downtown, the department store is always busy during the weekend.

步驟二 : 因為 situated 為被動態，所以去掉 be動詞，句子就會變為：

is Situated right downtown, the department store is always busy during the weekend.

由於這家百貨公司位於市中心，週末人總是很多。

更多分詞構句的例子：

Because I have spent all my savings on a new house, I couldn't afford buying a new car.

Having spent all my savings on a new house, I couldn't afford buying a new car.

我把所有的積蓄都花在了新房子上，買不起新車。

After she had unpacked the suitcases, she took a shower.

Having unpacked the suitcases, she took a shower.

她整理好行李箱後，沖了個澡。

連接詞也可以不用被省略掉，例句：

After we ate , we sat on the couch.

After eating, we sat on the couch.

吃完飯後，我們坐在沙發上。

Since I came to Japan, I have met a lot of new people.

Since coming to Japan, I have met a lot of new people.

我來日本後，認識了很多新朋友。

多益例題: ______ the same situation before, the CEO is aware of how complicated it can be and immediately call for an urgent meeting.
(A) Dealt with 

(B) Dealt in 

(C) Having dealt with 

(D) Being dealt with

多益例題: _____ less than 4 years ago, the Giant corporation has become one of the leading car manufacturers in Europe.

(A) Established   

(B) Has been established  

(C) Has established  

(D) Establishing

簡化有對等連結詞的子句

當兩對等子句的主詞相同時，我們就可以用分詞構句方式來簡化句子。簡化的步驟為：

步驟一 :  

     省略連接詞後方的主詞，去掉連接詞

步驟二 :  

    在被省略主詞後方的動詞，要改成分詞

    (1) 若動詞為主動態，把動詞改為動名詞 (Ving)，轉換後的動詞若是 being也可省略

    (2) 若動詞為被動態，則去掉 be動詞

我們來看一個例子 :

The manager came into the meeting room, and he eagerly found a place to sit.

👉 he 指的是 the manager ，兩對等子句的主詞相同，所以可以簡化。

步驟一: The manager came into the meeting room, and he eagerly found a place to sit. 

步驟二 :  The manager came into the meeting room, eagerly finding a place to sit. 

經理走進會議室，急切地找了個位置坐下。

我們再來看一個例子 :

The manager was not satisfied with the proposal, so he asked Bob to rewrite the proposal. 

👉 he 指的是 the manager ，兩對等子句的主詞相同，所以可以簡化。

步驟一: The manager was not satisfied with the proposal, so he asked Bob to rewrite the proposal. 

步驟二 : The manager was not satisfied with the proposal, asking Bob to rewrite the proposal. 

經理對提案不滿意，要求 Bob 重寫提案。

簡化有 which 引導的限定關代子句

我們也可以用分詞構句來簡化「有which引導的限定關代子句」。簡化的步驟為：

步驟一 :  

     省略 which

步驟二 :  

    在 which 後方的動詞，要改成分詞

    (1) 若動詞為主動態，把動詞改為動名詞 (Ving)，轉換後的動詞若是 being也可省略

    (2) 若動詞為被動態，則去掉 be動詞

我們來看一個例子：

Cancer is one of the most common diseases in modern society, which kills millions of people each year.

癌症是現代社會最常見的疾病之一，每年導致數百萬人死亡。

步驟一 :  我們首先去掉關係代名詞 which

Cancer is one of the most common diseases in modern society, which kills millions of people each year.

步驟二 :  接下來再把動詞 kill 改成 ing 的形式，句子就會變成：

Cancer is one of the most common diseases in modern society, killing millions of people each year.

癌症是現代社會最常見的疾病之一，每年導致數百萬人死亡。

更多例句：

Wind power costs about the same as coal, which makes it an affordable source of alternative energy. = Wind power costs about the same as coal, making it an affordable source of alternative energy.

風力發電的成本大致相當於燃煤發電，使其成為一種負擔得起的替代能源。

Many drivers use their mobile phones while driving, which causes increasing numbers of road accidents. = Many drivers use their mobile phones while driving, causing increasing numbers of road accidents.

許多駕駛在開車時使用手機，導致道路交通事故不斷增加。

多益例題: Louisa Coffee has been seeking to expand overseas, ____ four stores in Thailand at the end of 2020, while it is surveying markets in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the U.S., and China.

(A) open 

(B) to open 

(C) opening 

(D) opens