多益閱讀 - 英文五大句型動詞、動名詞、不定詞

第一大句型: S + V (主詞 + 動詞)

I laughed.

我笑了。

It rained heavily.

雨下得很大。[heavily 當副詞修飾動詞 rain]

I went to Japan last summer. Have you ever been there? 

去年夏天我去了日本，你去過嗎？[to 這邊是當介系詞使用]

I am flying to London next month.

我下週搭飛機去倫敦。[to 這邊是當介系詞使用]

Jack is coming with me. 

Jack 會跟我一起來。

Some students live on the university campus. 

有些學生住在大學校園裡。

The bus leaves in five minutes. 

公車五分鐘後發車。

She left South Africa at the age of 15 and has never returned. 

她15歲時離開了南非，再也沒有回去過。

多益例題：The new product _______ entirely thanks to his motivating the staff in marketing.

(A) emerged 

(B) proving  

(C) submitted  

(D) delivering

第二大句型: S + V + S.C (主詞 + 動詞 + 主詞補語)

That man is a receptionist. He looks tall and seems friendly.

那位男子是接待員。他看起來很高而且似乎很友善。

The soup smells good but tastes bad.

湯聞起來很香但不好喝。

The economy remains sluggish. Some Investors began to feel depressed. 

經濟仍然低迷。一些投資者開始感到沮喪。

He has become a popular Youtuber.

他已經成為一個受歡迎的 Youtuber 。

主詞補語也可以是「不定詞片語」或是「動名詞片語」，動名詞片語是「由動名詞以及後面所接的詞所構成」，不定詞片語是「由不定詞以及後面所接的詞所構成」，在英文文法中，「動名詞片語」跟「不定詞片語」可以當名詞，因此他們也可以當主詞補語。

My goal is to score 900 on the TOEIC exam = My goal is scoring 900 on the TOEIC exam.  

我的目標是考到多益 900 分。

The number one priority for us now is to cut down operation costs. = The number one priority for us now is cutting down operation costs.

我們現在的第一要務是降低營運成本。

Our long-term aim is to improve the company's profitability. = Our long-term aim is improving the company's profitability. 

我們的長遠目標是提高公司的盈利。

多益例題：Due to their usefulness in business, smart phones and tablet PCs are becoming _____ among many professionals. 

(A) ubiquitous 

(B) ubiquity  

(C) ubiquitously 

(D) ubiquities

▶️主詞 + be動詞 + 形容詞 + 介系詞 + 名詞

第 2 大句型中很常見的一個形式就是「Be動詞 + 形容詞 + 介系詞」，Be動詞後面接形容詞並與後面的介系詞緊密結合，形成慣用語，幾乎可以當做一個字來看待，我們會把這個慣用語稱作「形容詞片語」。另外，要留意介系詞後面一定要接名詞，如果後面接的是一個動詞，動詞形態必須改成「動名詞」。 

I am worried about my new job. 

我擔心我的新工作。

The venue was crowded with people.

會場裡擠滿了人。 

She is keen on playing tennis.

她熱衷於打網球。

I am used to getting up early.

我習慣早起了。

The government is committed to improving the education system.

政府致力於改善教育體制。

The Children's Investment Fund Foundation has been dedicated to improving the lives of children in developing countries. 

兒童投資基金會一直致力於改善發展中國家兒童的生活。

With the prevalence of online shopping sites, people are now accustomed to buying things online.

隨著線上購物網站的普及，人們現在已經習慣於在網路上購物。

Many people are opposed to building a new nuclear power plant.

許多人反對新建核電廠。

Robert is pleased with his progress at the company. 

Robert 很高興他在公司取得的進步。

He is capable of being in charge of this project. 

他有能力負責這項企劃。

▶️ 主詞 + be動詞 + 形容詞 + 不定詞

某些形容詞後面習慣跟著不定詞，這一類的形容詞通常是用來表達感受、反應或態度。主詞通常是「人」。

He is certain to get the job.

他肯定會得到這份工作。

I am happy to help you.

我很樂意幫助你。

She is determined to lose weight.

她下定決心要減肥。

They were delighted to be invited to the wedding.

他們很高興被邀請參加婚禮。

We believe our team should be able to complete the research project before the deadline.

我們相信我們的團隊應該能夠在截止日期前完成研究項目。

Ryan is likely to take early retirement.

Ryan 很可能會提前退休。

If you are willing to fly at night, you can probably get a cheap ticket.

如果你願意在晚上搭飛機，你應該可以買到很便宜的機票。

I am not available to cover your shift next week. You will have to find someone else to take your shift.

我下週無法替你代班。你必須得找其他人來替你的班了。

The editor is ready to submit the revised article.

編輯準備提交修改後的文章。

We are pleased to notify you that your application for our accounting position has been approved.

我們很高興地通知您，您的會計職位申請已獲批准。

After a year of restrictions and quarantines, people were anxious to get out and enjoy traveling.

經過一年的限制和隔離，人們急於走出去和享受旅遊。

▶️ 主詞 + be動詞 + 形容詞 + that 名詞子句

這類句型的主詞是「人」，形容詞通常是用來表達感受、情緒、反應或態度。形容詞後面接的「 that 名詞子句」 可以是不同的時態。此外，that 在句子中也可以省略不寫。

I am afraid (that) I won't be able to come tomorrow.

我怕明天來不了。

I am certain (that) he will get the job.

我確信他會得到這份工作。

I'm so happy (that) everything is working out for you. 

我很高興你一切都很順利。

I was so proud (that) my son had been chosen for the national team. 

我太自豪了，我兒子入選國家隊了。

I am sorry that you didn't pass the exam.

很遺憾你沒有通過考試。

多益例題 : The GMC Institute is pleased ______ sponsoring your organization and will continue raising public awareness about climate change.

(A) continue

(B) continuing

(C) to continuing

(D) to continue

多益例題 : SolarTech is committed ______ clean and renewable energy sources.

(A) to develop

(B) to developing

(C) developing 

(D) developed

多益例題 : BTCA Inc's annual aim is _______ its global sales by 25% by expanding its business in Asia.

(A) increase 

(B) to increasing

(C) to increase 

(D) increased

第三大句型: S + V + O (主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞)

(一) 第一種形態 : S+V+O (主詞＋動詞＋受詞)

We'll discuss it tomorrow. 

明天我們將會討論這件事。

He has a high-paying job.

他有一個高薪的工作。

I work night shifts today. 

我今天上晚班。

The mayor proposed a plan for a new bridge.

市長提出了建造新橋的計劃。

The company president has announced her retirement.

公司總裁已宣布退休。

(二) 第二種形態 :  S+V+ Prep +O (主詞 + 動詞 + 介系詞 + 受詞)

Can I speak to/with Dan please?

請問丹在嗎？

We agree with your opinion. 

我們認同你的想法。

He got off the bus.

他下公車。

Smart Investors always keep up with market trends to make wise investment decisions.

聰明的投資者總是緊跟市場趨勢，做出明智的投資決定。

I will take care of organizing the workshop.

我會負責組織研討會。

Many nonprofit organizations contributed to raising environmental awareness.

許多非營利組織為提高環保意識做出了貢獻。

Protesters objected to passing the new trade agreement between Taiwan and China.

抗議者反對通過台灣與中國大陸之間的新貿易協定。

我們可以說這樣動詞 + 介系詞的搭配是一組「片語動詞」，提醒同學要把這樣的片語動詞整組記起來，才不會背了動詞，忘了其搭配的介系詞，答題的時候選錯了。

受詞除了以名詞形式出現外，也可以「不定詞」、「動名詞」、「名詞子句」形式出現。不定詞指的是「to + V(動詞原型)」。動名詞指的是 「 動詞原型後面加ing」 (可以用 Ving 來表示 )。名詞子句指的是「具備名詞特性的子句」，我們會在第 19 堂課帶大家深入了解名詞子句。

I need to book a flight to Atlanta. 

我需要預訂飛往亞特蘭大的航班。

Can you finish editing the report by the end of this week?

你可以本週末之前完成編輯報告嗎?

I know that you will succeed. 

我知道你會成功。

I propose that we put off the meeting.

我提議我們延後會議。

The prime minister has announced that public spending will be increased next year. 

首相已經宣佈明年將增加公共開支。

I suggest that we wait a while before we make any firm decisions. 

我建議我們在做出任何明確而肯定的決定之前先考慮片刻。

看到這邊同學可能會問哪些動詞後面用「不定詞」?  哪些動詞後面用「動名詞」? 一個簡單的法則是 : 第一個動作發生時，第二個動作還沒發生，第二個動詞就用「不定詞」。如果已經發生或正在發生，第二個動詞就用「動名詞」。

I plan to study abroad next year. 

我計畫明年出國留學。

👉 study abroad (出國留學) 這個動作還沒發生，所以用不定詞

I quit smoking.

 我戒掉抽菸了。

👉 smoke (抽菸) 這個行為已經發生，所以用動名詞

接下來兩個章節我們會來看哪些動詞後面加「動名詞」跟哪些動詞後面加「不定詞」。

後面接動名詞、不定詞的動詞

動名詞指的是 「 動詞原型後面加ing」 (可以用 Ving 來表示 )，顧名思義就是把動詞變成名詞，動名詞具有一個「動作成為事實」的意思，大家可以回想一下：現在進行式的動詞結構為 be Ving，它代表動作正在發生，就可以理解為什麼動名詞代表這個動作已經發生了，當我們從這個觀念去思考，變能夠理解當動詞意思跟「喜好、感受、心情、繼續、停止、放棄、嘗試、完成」 等相關的時候，後面要接動名詞。下面列出常見後面接動名詞的動詞 :

▶️ enjoy (享受)、 like (喜歡)、dislike (不喜歡)、love (喜愛)、 hate (討厭)、 prefer (比較喜歡) 

當我們表達喜歡跟不喜歡某個人事物的時候，基本上就表示這件事情我們已經體驗過、經歷過，所以這類動詞後面都可以接動名詞，但要記住 enjoy (享受) 跟 dislike (不喜歡) 後面只能接動名詞。動詞 like (喜歡) 、 love (喜愛)、 hate (討厭)、 prefer (比較喜歡) 後面除了可以接動名詞之外，還可以接不定詞。

Ivan really enjoys running marathons, but his girlfriend dislikes jogging. 

Ivan 非常喜歡跑馬拉松，但他女朋友不喜歡慢跑。

I hate driving during rush hour. = I hate to drive during rush hour. 

我討厭在交通尖峰時段開車。

My dad loves eating at food stands. = My dad loves to eat at food stands. 

我爸喜歡在小吃攤吃飯。

I like eating beef noodles. = I like to eat beef noodles.

我喜歡吃牛肉麵。

I prefer eating at restaurants.  = I prefer to eat at restaurants. 

我比較喜歡在餐廳吃飯。

▶️ feel like (想要做某事)、mind (介意)、miss (想念)、appreciate (感激)、imagine (想像)、can't help (忍不住)、can't stand (受不了)、can't bear (無法忍受)、regret (後悔)

動詞 feel like (想要做某事)、mind (介意)、miss (想念)、appreciate (感激)、imagine (想像)、can't help (忍不住)，後面一定要接動名詞。動詞 can't stand、can't bear (不能忍受)、regret (後悔) 後面除了可以接動名詞之外，還可以接不定詞。

I miss playing badminton. 

我想念打羽毛球。

I regret drinking too much last night.  I don't feel like going to the bar tonight. 

我後悔昨晚喝太多了。我今晚不想去酒吧。

I appreciate you inviting me to the party. 

感謝你邀請我參加聚會。

Jason doesn't mind staying late at work, but I don't like working overtime.

Jason 不介意工作待晚一點，但我不喜歡加班。

I can't imagine working overseas. 

我無法想像在海外工作。

This comedy is too funny. I can't help laughing. 

這部喜劇太搞笑了。我忍不住笑了。

I can't stand waiting in the line.  = I can't stand to wait in the line. 

我受不了排隊等候。

He can't bear being bored = He can't bear to be bored.

他無法忍受無聊。

▶️ suggest (建議)、recommend (推薦)、consider (考慮)、 advocate (主張)、propose (建議)

基本上，建議跟意見種類動詞像是 suggest (建議)、recommend (推薦)、 consider (考慮)、 advocate (主張)、propose (建議) 後面都可以接一個名詞，除了名詞之外，也可以接具有名詞特性的「動名詞」跟「名詞子句」(看第13頁例句)。propose (建議) 後面可以接動名詞跟不定詞。

The board of directors suggest acquiring this smaller company.

董事會建議收購這家規模較小的公司。

I advocate expanding our company's product line and consider increasing our price.

我主張擴大我們公司的產品線並且考慮提高價格。

If you don't know where to go in Tainan, I recommend visiting the CHIMEI Museum.

如果不知道去台南哪裡玩，我推薦去奇美博物館看看。

Several senators have proposed raising the tax. = Several senators have proposed to raise the tax. 

幾位參議員提議提高稅收。

▶️ practice (練習)、 give up (放棄)、 risk (冒險)、finish (完成)、admit (承認)、delay (延後)、deny (不承認) 

I used to practice running three days a week. 

我過去每週練習跑步三天。

I gave up dieting and losing weight a long time ago. 

我很久以前就放棄了節食和減肥。

If you don't sell this stock, you might risk losing all of your savings.

如果您不出售這隻股票，您可能會冒著失去所有積蓄的風險。

I can finish editing the report by the end of this week. 

我可以本週末之前完成編輯報告。

We should delay deciding about this until tomorrow. 

我們應該等到明天再決定這件事。

Neil denies breaking the window. 

Neil 不承認是他打破了窗戶。

Jennifer admitted cheating in the test. 

Jennifer 承認考試作弊。

▶️ permit (允許)、avoid (避免) 

New small businesses should avoid competing against companies that provide a similar range of services or products.

新成立的小型企業應避免與提供類似服務或產品的公司競爭。

The museum does not permit smoking.

博物館不允許吸煙。

▶️ resume/continue/go on/keep (繼續)、discontinue (中斷)、begin/start (開始)、stop (停止)

Keep (繼續)、resume (繼續)、discontinue (中斷) 後面只能接動名詞。

Begin/start (開始)、continue (繼續)、go on (繼續)、stop (停止) 後面可以接動名詞跟不定詞。

If things keep going like this, we'll have to close the business. 

如果情況繼續這樣下去的話，我們就不得不關門了。

We should discontinue selling this product.  

我們應該停止銷售該產品。

He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking. 

他停下來喝了一口水，然後繼續發言。

不定詞指的是 「to + V(動詞原型)」 (可以用 to V 來表示 )，通常表達「企圖與未來打算」，因此，當第一個動詞發生時，不定詞的這個動作還沒發生，從這個觀念去思考，就比較容易理解當動詞意思與「想要、需求、計畫、建議、選擇、嘗試、同意」 相關的時候，後面要接不定詞。以下列出常見後面接不定詞的動詞 :

▶️ want to (想要) 、 need to (需要)、wish/hope to (希望)、expect to (期望)、would like to (想要)

I need to book a flight to Atlanta.

我需要訂飛往亞特蘭大的航班。

Hi, I'd like to make a reservation for three for six o'clock this Saturday. 

您好，我想要預訂本週六六點鐘三位大人的位子。

Passengers who wish to take the Kings Cross train should board now. 

想要搭乘 Kings Cross 火車的乘客請現在上車。

I didn't expect to see you here.

我沒想到會在這裡見到你。

▶️ plan to (計畫要)、aim to (目標要)、decide to (決定要)、intend to (打算要)

Most brands these days aim to create a lucrative niche for themselves and stand out from their competitors.

如今，大多數品牌的目標是為自己創造一個有利可圖的利基市場，並從競爭對手中脫穎而出。

It was reported that Microsoft planned to acquire Activision Blizzard for 69 billions.

根據報導，微軟計劃以 690 億美元收購動視暴雪。

If you intend to quit your job, you need to give a week's notice.

如果你打算辭職，你需要提前一週給出通知。

▶️ offer to (提議要)、 ask to (要求要)、promise to (答應要) 

We were extremely understaffed last week. Luckily, Mike and Kelvin offered to work overtime.

上週我們人手嚴重不足。幸運的是，Mike 和 Kelvin 提出願意加班。

I  promise to call my boss everyday to give him an update on the progress of the new construction project.

我保證每天打電話給我的老闆，告訴他新建築項目的最新進展。

▶️ agree to (同意要)、refuse to (不同意要) 

They refused to insure us because they said we're too old.

他們拒絕為我們提供保險，因為他們認為我們年紀太大了。

Activision Blizzard agreed to accept the acquisition deal offered by Microsoft.

動視暴雪同意接受微軟提出的收購交易。

▶️ try to (嘗試) 、attempt to (嘗試) 、seek to (嘗試)

The company got into debt and tried to downsize, but eventually, it still went bankrupt.

該公司陷入債務並試圖縮小規模，但最終還是破產了。

Many companies these days attempt to maximize profits by diversifying their revenue sources.

如今，許多公司試圖透過多樣化收入來源來實現利潤最大化。

Six journalists sought to challenge in court the legality of the ban on broadcasting. 

六名記者試圖在法庭上質疑廣播禁令的合法性。

▶️ afford to buy/pay (買得起)、manage to (成功做到) 、fail to (沒成功做到) 

Back then people could afford to buy a house on a normal salary, but nowadays house prices are so high that most people can only afford to buy a small condo.

過去人只要用普通工資就能買得起房子，但現在房價太高了，大多數人只買得起小公寓。

Despite the low pricing policy, the company's competitor has failed to boost sales.

儘管採取了低價政策，但該公司的競爭對手未能提升銷售額。

A dramatic sales slump can take a heavy toll on any business, and few businesses manage to recover from it.

急劇的銷售下滑會對任何企業都會造成沉重打擊，而且很少有企業能夠從中恢復過來。

多益例題 : Mr. Lee considered _______ early retirement so he could start his own business, but he finally decided not to take the risk.

(A) to take   

(B) took  

(C) taken   

(D) taking

多益例題 : Louisa Coffee has been seeking _______ overseas, opening four stores in Thailand at the end of 2020, while it is surveying markets in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the U.S., and China.

(A) expand

(B) to expand

(C) to expanding

(D) expanding

多益例題 : After facing pressure from the public for weeks, ABC Cosmetics admitted _______ toxic chemicals into the ocean.

(A) be dumping 

(B) to dump 

(C) having dumped

(D) dumped

第四大句型: S + V + O + O (主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞)

I offer him a job.

我給他一份工作。

He told me a story.。

他跟我說了一個故事

I send her an email = I send an email to her.

我寄一封電子郵件給她。

The principal granted the students an award.= The principal granted an award to the students.

校長頒獎給學生。

He borrowed $1000 dollars from me. 

他跟我借 1000 元。

He owed me $1000 dollars.

他欠我 1000 元。

I lent him $1000 dollars. = I lent $1000 dollars to him.

我借他 1000 元。

I will buy you a drink.

我請你喝飲料。

I wish you a happy birthday. 

我祝你生日快樂。

The trip to Europe will cost us over $4000 USD for just a week.

僅一週的歐洲之旅將花費我們超過 4000 美元。

The bank charges me services fees every time I transfer money to another account.

每次我轉賬到另一個帳戶的時候，銀行都會向我收取服務費。

They'll provide you with room and board. = They 'll provide room and board for you.

他們會供你吃住。

This song reminds me of my high school days.

這首歌讓我想起我的高中歲月。

Newcastle Council have informed us of a series of road closures. 

紐卡斯爾市政廳已通知我們會有多條道路封路。

Fortune Investments notified its shareholders of the proposed merger and acquisition.  

Fortune Investments 通知了股東擬議的併購案跟收購案。

I will ask the doctor to advise me on the best treatment for my sore throat.

我會請醫生就我喉嚨痛的最佳治療方法提出建議。

受詞除了以名詞形式出現外，也可以「名詞子句」形式出現。

Can you tell me how to get to the library? 

請問圖書館怎麼走？

I called Jane and reminded her (that) the conference had been canceled. 

我打了電話給 Jane ，提醒她會議已經取消了。

The company notified me that I didn't get the job. 

公司通知我沒有得到這份工作。

The boss informed Camille that she would be promoted next month. 

老闆通知 Camille 她將在下個月被升遷。

The doctors advised the public that people should have the vaccinations before going abroad.

醫生建議民眾在出國前應接種疫苗。

多益例題：OPH Corporation ______ every employee an opportunity for promotion and pay raise on a yearly basis.

(A) offered  

(B) provided 

(C) decided  

(D) charged

多益例題：Mr. Brown will ______ the purchasing department an estimate as soon as he finishes editing the final version.

(A) reply 

(B) wait 

(C) send 

(D) provide

第五大句型: S + V + O + O.C (主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞補語)

▶️ keep、find、leave  + 受詞 + 形容詞/現在分詞 (動名詞)/過去分詞

I like to keep my room clean. 

我喜歡讓我房間保持整潔。

Please leave me alone.   

請讓我一個人獨處。

I find it difficult to talk to Lawrence.

我發現我很難和 Lawrence 交談。

The noise from their party kept me awake half the night. 

他們派對傳來的吵鬧聲使我到很晚都無法入睡。

當受詞的動作有「正在進行」的意思，用現在分詞 (動名詞)，如果受詞是「被動」做後面的動作，要用過去分詞。

I am sorry to keep you waiting. 

很抱歉讓您久等了。

👉 句子中的受詞是 you，you 處在正在等待的狀態，所以用現在分詞 waiting。

We will keep you posted/updated. 

我會隨時告訴你進展的。

👉 句子中的受詞是 you，you 處在隨時被告知的狀態，所以用過去分詞 posted/updated。

更多例句 : 

Don't leave the water running while you are brushing your teeth.

刷牙時不要放著水流。

I left the children watching television. 

我走的時候，孩子們仍在看電視。

We need to keep our current assembly line running as our production is running a bit behind now.

我們需要讓我們目前的裝配線保持運轉，因為我們的生產進度現在有點落後。

Please keep all staff informed about any scheduling changes to the upcoming conference.

請讓所有員工知道即將舉行的會議的任何日程安排變化。

▶️ 感官動詞 see、notice、hear、smell、catch + 受詞 +  動名詞/原形動詞

若是在感官動詞後面的受詞加上現在分詞的話，強調的是「動作的當下、連續性」。

I saw them cooking and smelled something burning. 

我看到他們在煮飯，還聞到了燒焦的味道。

The teacher noticed Jack cheating in the exam. 

老師注意到 Jack 考試作弊。

I caught your boyfriend cheating on you.  

我抓到你男朋友在偷吃。

David heard someone knocking on the door.  

David聽到有人在敲門。

若是在感官動詞後面的受詞加上原形動詞的話，強調的是「整件事實、動作的整個過程」。

I see the bus #15 drive past my house every day. 

我每天都看到 15 號公車開經過我的家。

👉 表示看到的是公車經過的「整個過程」。 

I saw him go out with his ex yesterday.  

我昨天看到他和他的前任出去了。

▶️ help + 受詞 + 原型動詞(或接不定詞)

Can you help me (to) carry this bag?

你可以幫我提這個袋子嗎?

The $10,000 loan from the bank helped her (to) start her own business. 

一萬美金的銀行貸款幫助她創辦了自己的公司。

Exercising every day can help you (to) relieve work-related stress.

每天運動可以幫助您減輕工作相關的壓力。

▶️ 使役動詞 make、 let、have + 受詞 + 原形動詞

▶️ 使役動詞 get + 受詞 + 不定詞

使役動詞 make、let、have 後面的受詞要接原形動詞，get 後面接不定詞，但這個規則的前提是受詞「主動」做後面的動作。

He decided to let his hair grow long. 

他決定把頭髮留長。

Let me know what you decide.

讓我知道你的決定。

I usually have my assistant run the errand. 

我通常讓我助理去跑差事。

My boss made me work night shift last month. 

我老闆上個月要我值晚斑。

What made you change your mind? 

什麼使你改變了想法？

get 雖然列在使役動詞之中，但特別的是 get 的後面要加的是「不定詞」，也就是「to +原V」。

I will get Jessie to pick up the parcel for me.

我會讓 Jessie 去幫我拿包裹。

I can't get my computer to work! 

我的電腦沒辦法用了！

👉 口語上，這句話也可以說： I can't get my computer working! To get something to work/working (讓某個物品正常使用) 都是正確的用法。

▶️ 使役動詞 make、have 、get + 受詞 + 過去分詞

▶️ 使役動詞 let  + 受詞 + be + 過去分詞

剛剛我們學到使役動詞後面的受詞要接原形動詞或是不定詞，這個規則的前提為：受詞「主動」做後面的動作，如果受詞是「被動」做後面的動作，使役動詞後面要用過去分詞。

I had my hair cut. She has her hair permed.

我使我的頭髮被剪 → 我叫人剪了我的頭髮。 她使她的頭髮被燙 → 她叫人燙了她的頭髮。

I had my homework done, my room cleaned, and my computer fixed. 

我完成了作業，打掃了房間，修好了電腦。

I got my bag caught in the train doors as they were closing. 

火車關門時，我的包包給卡在了門縫裡。

I'm trying to get this article finished/done by Friday. 

我正在努力趕這篇文章，好在星期五前交。

I had to yell to make myself heard above the sound of the music at the nightclub. 

我不得不大吼，讓自己的聲音蓋過夜總會的音樂聲。

I can make myself understood in Japanese, but I'm not fluent in Japanese. 

我可以用日語傳達我想表達的意思，但我的日語並不流利。

We can't let the news be released. 

我們不能讓消息外洩。

▶️ 想要類動詞 want、need、expect、would like + 受詞 + 不定詞

Our CEO wants us to reorganize the publicity department.

我們的執行長希望我們重組宣傳部門。

We need a few of our employees to work night shifts. 

我們需要一些員工上夜班。

I expect you to work harder. 

我期待你可以工作認真點。

I would like you to be in charge of this project.

我希望你負責這項企劃案。

▶️ 迫使與要求類動詞 request、require、force + 受詞 + 不定詞

Most hotels request hotel guests to vacate their rooms by noon. 

大多數旅館要求旅館客人在中午之前把房間清空。

The law requires everyone to pay the tax.

法律要求每個人都繳納稅款。

Our company forces us to work overtime without giving us overtime pay.

我們公司強迫我們加班，卻不給我們加班費。

▶️ enable (使..能夠 )、allow (使..能夠 )、cause (造成) + 受詞 + 不定詞

Mass layoffs caused the unemployment rate to surge. 

大規模裁員導致失業率飆升。

The loophole has allowed hundreds of drunk-drivers to avoid prosecution. 

這個法律漏洞讓數以百計的酒後駕車者逃避了起訴。

Outsourcing manufacturing to overseas companies will enable us to cut our production costs to half. 

將製造外包給海外公司將使我們的生產成本降低一半。

▶️ 允許跟禁止類動詞 permit、authorize、forbid  + 受詞 + 不定詞

The security system will not permit you to enter the entrance without the correct password. 

密碼不正確的話，保全系統是不會讓你進入門口的。

The government has authorized the central hospital to offer vaccination to all eligible patients.

政府已授權中央醫院為所有符合條件的患者提供疫苗接種。

Professor Darcy forbids his students to use cell phones during the exam.

Darcy 教授禁止他的學生在考試期間使用手機。

▶️ tell、remind、advise、encourage、persuade  + 受詞 + 不定詞

I told her to go home.  

我叫她回家。 

The professor reminds us to hand in assignment on time.

教授提醒我們要準時繳交作業。

My professor encourages me to apply to Stanford University.

我的教授鼓勵我去申請史丹佛大學。

We would advise you to get vaccinated before you go abroad.

我們建議您在出國前接種疫苗。

Our sales team is working hard to persuade foreign companies to purchase our latest HR software.

我們的銷售團隊正在努力說服國外公司購買我們最新的人力資源軟體。

▶️ 動詞 + 受詞 + to + 動名詞

He dedicated his life to freeing the world from famine and disease.

他畢生致力於使世界擺脫飢荒和疾病。

多益例題：It is essential that we try harder to improve customer satisfaction levels and keep our company more _____.

(A) competitive  

(B) competitively  

(C) compete 

(D) competition

多益例題：Business advisors usually _____ small-scale businesses to find a niche in their target market that has no serious competition.

(A) notify 

(B) advise 

(C) assure 

(D) inform

多益例題：As the photocopier was out of order, Mr. Jenson got a staff member _____ a technician.

(A) call

(B) calling

(C) to call

(D) called

多益例題： You should have your vehicle _____ by a certified mechanic.

(A) inspected  

(B) inspecting 

(C) to inspect 

(D) inspect

總結

觀察入微的同學應該有發現，其實英文的第四大句型就是第三大句型（主詞+動詞+受詞）多加一個受詞，兩個受詞分別稱為「直接受詞」與「間接受詞」，例如 :

I gave her a ring. 

我給她一個戒指。

👉 動詞 gave (給) 要清楚表達「誰（主詞）、將什麼東西（直接受詞）、給誰（間接受詞）」，因此需要兩個受詞。

相對地，如果句子省略了交代給誰(間接受詞)，只交代是給甚麼東西(直接受詞)，那英文文法就會解釋為第三大句型，例如 : 

I gave a ring. 

我給一個戒指。

同樣地，原本被分類為第三大句型的代表動詞，要變成第四大句型，就要搭配正確的介系詞 + 對象，例如：

The restaurant provided excellent service.  

這家餐廳提供非常棒的服務。

👉 上面這句是英文的第三大句型，provide 是第三大句型的動詞，但若句子清楚交代給什麼對象，那就變成第四大句型的文法了，例如：

The restaurant provided excellent service for its customers. 

這家餐廳提供非常棒的服務給他的顧客們。

而第五大句型是第三大句型（主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞）多加一個補語。回想本篇前面所述，第二大句型也有出現補語吧？第二大句型的補語是補充說明主詞，而第五大句型的補語則是補充說明受詞。所以第五大句型出現的補語稱為受詞補語。

很多動詞會依據表達的文意有不同的用法，其實我們可以多看字典上的例句，多讀幾次並同時思考句子的文意邏輯便能夠自然而然的學起這個動詞的用法，不需要死背文法。

▶️ Leave = 離開、讓

第一大句型:  I'll be leaving at five o'clock tomorrow. 我明天早晨五點鐘離開。

第三大句型:  I left work early yesterday. 我昨天很早就下班了。

第三大句型:  I left my keys on the desk. 我把鑰匙忘在桌子上了。

第五大句型:  He left the engine running. 他離開的時候沒有關上引擎。

第五大句型:  Can you leave the window open?  你可以讓窗戶開著嗎？

▶️ buy = 買

第三大句型:  I will buy dinner later. 我等ㄧ下買晚餐。

第四大句型:  I will buy you a drink. 我請你喝飲料。

▶️ drive = 開車

第一大句型:  He is driving too fast. 他開太快了。

第三大句型:  He drove a BMW. 他開(一台)BMW。

第五大句型:  His lazy attitude is driving me crazy. 他懶散的態度快讓我抓狂了。

▶️ work = 工作

第一大句型:  I work hard. 我努力工作。

第三大句型:  I work night shifts today. 我今天上晚班。

▶️ open = 開

第一大句型:  The Olympic Games open tomorrow. 奧運明天開幕。

第二大句型:  The mall opens late tomorrow. 購物商場明天開到很晚。

第三大句型:  I'm going to open an account with another bank. 我打算在另一家銀行開一個帳戶。

▶️ stay = 停留、保持

第一大句型:  I stayed in Paris for two weeks, then flew home. 我在巴黎待了兩週，然後就搭機回家了。

第二大句型:  The shops stay open until nine o'clock. 商店會一直營業到九點。

第二大句型:  They stayed friends after their divorce. 他們離婚後仍然是朋友。

▶️ cause = 造成

第三大句型:  Smoking can cause respiratory diseases. 抽菸會導致呼吸道疾病。

第五大句型:  The bright light caused her to blink. 明亮的光線刺得她直眨眼睛。

▶️ make

第三大句型:  He made a chocolate cake. 他做了一個巧克力蛋糕。

第五大句型:  The photograph makes me look about 80! 這張照片讓我看起來大約80歲！

▶️ get

第二大句型: Your coffee's getting cold. 你的咖啡要涼掉了。

第三大句型:  I got a phone call from Phil last night. 我昨晚接到 Phil 打來的電話。

第五大句型:  I'm trying to get this article finished by Thursday. 我正在努力趕這篇文章，好在星期四前交。

第五大句型:  I can't get my computer to work/working! 我的電腦沒辦法用了！

▶️ have

第三大句型:  When are we having dinner? 我們什麽時候吃晚飯？

第五大句型:  I will have someone pick up the package. 我會讓人來取包裹。

▶️ hope

第三大句型:  They hope to visit us next year. 他們希望明年能來我們這裡作客。

第三大句型:  I hope (that) she'll win. 我希望她能贏。

▶️ wish

第三大句型:  I wish to make a complaint. 我想投訴。

第三大句型:  I wish she'd shut up for a minute. 我希望她能閉嘴一會兒。

第四大句型:  We wish you every success in the future. 我們祝願你將來事事成功。

以下列出多益常考單字 tell、assure、notify、inform、convince、persuade、advise、remind、provide 的用法，同學們務必要熟悉各單字的句型用法。