多益閱讀 - 現在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞、不定詞

現在分詞

▶️ 形成進行式時態

He is working out.（現在進行式）

他正在健身。

He has been exercising regularly.（現在完成進行式）

他最近都有規律地做運動。

▶️ 當「形容詞」來修飾人事物或是當形容詞補語，「現在分詞 V-ing」當形容詞時帶有「主動、進行中」的意思。

The barking dog next door is driving us crazy.

隔壁狂吠的狗快把我們搞瘋了。

From somewhere in the forest, I could hear the sound of running water.

我聽得見森林某處傳來的流水聲。

Devastating wildfires spread throughout California today, causing enormous damage to homes and farmland.

毀滅性的野火今天在加利福尼亞州蔓延，對房屋和農田造成巨大破壞。

He truly is a fascinating director.

他真的是一個十分有趣的導演。

👉  文法講解: 情緒動詞 ing：中文翻譯成『讓人覺得.....』，表示外在散發的感覺

In order to meet the increasing demand for EV charging service, we plan to install more charging facilities in government car parks for public use. 

為了因應陸續增加的電動車充電樁的需求，我們計劃於政府停車場安裝更多充電設施，供大眾使用。 

The government will subsidize small start-up companies to alleviate the existing unemployment problems.

政府將補貼小型初創公司，以緩解現有的失業問題。

It is advised to wipe your household surfaces with EPA-approved disinfecting wipes at least once a day to help prevent the spread of COVID-19.

建議每天至少使用 EPA 批准的消毒濕巾擦拭您的家居表面一次，以幫助防止 COVID-19 的傳播。

▶️  現在分詞和其他單字組成「分詞片語」，放在名詞後面修飾

 分詞片語是由形容詞子句省略掉關係代名詞，並將動詞改成分詞而來的。

The successful candidate will be someone having at least six years of managerial experience. = The successful candidate will be someone who has at least six years of managerial experience.

成功的求職人選將是至少有六年管理經驗的人。

The train now arriving at platform 2 is the 3:00 from Kaohsiung. = The train which is now arriving at platform 2 is the 3:20 from Kaohsiung.

現在開抵第二月台的火車是 3 點 20 分從高雄開出的。

The boy driving the BMW was underage, unlicensed and over the limit. = The boy who was driving the BMW was underage, unlicensed and over the limit.

那位開著 BMW 的男孩未成年、無照且超速。

多益例題: The computer networking company gave investors a _____ revenue forecast as it faces supply chain constraints.

(A) disappointed 

(B) disappoint 

(C) disappointment 

(D) disappointing 

多益例題: All attendants _____ in the conference room after the last presentation are welcome to join our party.

(A) remained 

(B) remaining 

(C) remain 

(D) are remaining

動名詞

▶️ 動名詞當主詞

名詞其中一個很重要的功能就是扮演主詞的角色。當動詞置於主詞位置時，可使用不定詞或動名詞形式。要特別留意的是：一個動名詞等同於一個名詞，應使用單數動詞。以此類推，當動名詞為兩個或兩個以上時，應使用複數動詞。

Finding a niche in the market is crucial for small businesses to survive.

在市場中尋找利基對於小企業的生存至關重要。

Outsourcing manufacturing to overseas companies allows companies to save on operational costs and take advantage of lower labor and production costs overseas. 

將製造外包給海外公司可以讓公司節省營運成本並利用海外較低的勞動力和生產成本。

▶️ 動名詞當主詞補語

動名詞在第二大句型中 (主詞 + 動詞 + 主詞補語) 當主詞補語 (第 6 堂課)

The goal of rebranding is creating a unique and compelling brand image in the hearts and minds of consumers.

品牌轉型的目標是在消費者心中創造獨特而引人注目的品牌形象。

James' hobby is listening to music.

詹姆斯的愛好是聽音樂。

▶️  動名詞當受詞補語

動名詞在第五大句型中 (主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞補語) 當受詞補語 (第 6 堂課)

(1) keep、find、leave  + 受詞 + 形容詞/動名詞/過去分詞

I am sorry to keep you waiting. 

很抱歉讓您久等了。

Don't leave the water running while you are brushing your teeth.

刷牙時不要讓水流著。

(2) 感官動詞 see、notice、hear、smell、catch + 受詞 +  動名詞/原形動詞

I saw Mr. Lee apologizing to his clients for being late.

我看到李先生為遲到向他的客戶道歉。

I overheard Mr. Harris talking about giving Bill a promotion.

我無意中聽到哈里斯先生說要給比爾升職。

▶️  動名詞當受詞

動名詞在第三大句型中 (主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞) 當受詞 (第 6 堂課)

New small businesses should avoid competing against companies that provide a similar range of services or products.

新成立的小型企業應避免與提供類似服務或產品的公司競爭。

I advocate expanding our company's product line to increase our sales.

我主張擴大我們公司的產品線以增加我們的銷售額。

We should consider selling products through distributors and agents to break into overseas markets.

我們應該考慮透過經銷商和代理商銷售產品以打入海外市場。

It is uncommon for businesses to continue selling products that are losing money.

企業繼續銷售賠錢產品的情況並不常見。

I want to finish editing the report by the end of this week.

我想在本週末之前完成編輯報告。

We should discontinue selling this product as it is no longer in demand. 

我們應該停止銷售該產品，因為它不再有需求。

The museum does not permit smoking.

博物館不允許吸煙。

If things keep going like this, we'll have to close the business. 

如果情況繼續這樣的話，我們就不得不關門了。

He proposed dealing directly with the suppliers. 

他提議直接和供應商打交道。.

下面列出後面經常接動名詞的動詞 :動詞後接動

▶️  介系詞跟所有格後接動名詞  

我們在第一堂課學到在介系詞後面要接名詞，所以如果是動詞接在介系詞後面，動詞必須以動名詞形態出現。.

We are currently in the process of hiring employees.

我們目前正在招聘員工。

The cost of running a business is going to go up if we are going to give a raise to our employees.

如果我們要給員工加薪，經營企業的成本就會上升。

By taking a proactive approach to your finances, you can avoid debt and save for your future.

對您的財務採取積極主動的態度，您可以避免債務並為您的未來儲蓄。

多益例題: The leaflet has been produced with the aim of _____ public awareness of the disease.

(A) to increase 

(B) increase 

(C) increases 

(D) increasing 

多益例題:  Mr. Brown said that the top priority right now is _____ on all stocks in the warehouse to verify if the numbers on the computer inventory system are accurate.

(A) take inventory 

(B) to taking inventory 

(C) taking inventory 

(D) to be taken inventory

多益例題: After facing pressure from the public for weeks, ABC Cosmetics admitted _____ toxic chemicals into the ocean.

(A) be dumping 

(B) to dump 

(C) having dumped 

(D) dumped

多益例題: In addition to _____ an eye out for special deals on flight booking sites, another way to get a cheaper flight ticket is to fly off-season. 

(A) keeping 

(B) keep 

(C) to keeping 

(D) being kept

多益例題: It is worth _____ the blue-chip stocks as they are issued by well-known, high-quality companies that are leaders in their industries.

(A) to buy 

(B) buying 

(C) to buying 

(D) buy

過去分詞

▶️ 形成完成式時態

I have just passed my driving test.

我剛剛通過了駕駛考試。

I met my best friend in kindergarten and we have been close ever since.

我在幼稚園認識了我最好的朋友，從那以後我們就一直很親密。

▶️ 當「形容詞」來修飾人事物或是當形容詞補語，「過去分詞 p.p.」當形容詞時帶有「被動、已完成」的意思。

Many dissatisfied customers asked for a refund or a product replacement last month.

上個月，許多不滿意的客戶要求退款或更換產品。

👉 文法講解: 情緒動詞 ed/p.p.：中文翻譯成「內心覺得...」，表示內在感受

The proposed plan is unanimously approved by all members of the committee.

提議的計劃得到委員會所有成員的一致通過。

The bank will send the client a revised statement of transaction.

銀行將寄送修改後的交易報表給客戶。

South Korea moved into specialized electronics in the 80s. Government heavily subsidized companies making specialized parts for computers and telecommunications equipment.

韓國在 80 年代開始進入專業電子領域。政府為製造電腦和電信設備專用零件的公司提供大量補貼。

第二大句型中很常見的一個句子結構就是「Be動詞 + 形容詞 + 介系詞」，Be動詞後面接形容詞(經常已過去分詞方式出現)，並與後面的介系詞緊密結合，形成慣用語，幾乎可以當做一個字來看待，我們會把這個慣用語稱作「形容詞片語」。下面幫同學整理出常見的片語 :

▶️  過去分詞當受詞補語

過去分詞在第五大句型中 (主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 + 受詞補語) 當受詞補語 (第 6 堂課)

(1) keep、find、leave  + 受詞 + 形容詞/動名詞/過去分詞

Please keep all staff informed about any scheduling changes to the upcoming conference.

請告知所有員工即將舉行的會議的任何日程安排變化。

We will keep you posted/updated. 

我們會隨時告訴你進展的。

(2) 使役動詞 make、have、get + 受詞 + 過去分詞

使役動詞後面的受詞要接原形動詞或是不定詞，這個規則的前提為：受詞「主動」做後面的動作，如果受詞是「被動」做後面的動作，使役動詞後面要用過去分詞。

You should have your vehicle inspected by a certified mechanic.

你應該請有認證過的維修技師檢查你的汽車。

She just had her hair permed.

她剛燙了頭髮。

Mr. Green will have his flight rescheduled by his secretary.

格林先生的航班將由他的秘書重新安排。

She had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music. 

她只有大聲喊叫才能蓋過音樂聲讓別人聽到她的聲音。

I can make myself understood in English, but I'm not fluent. 

我說英語別人都明白，但說得不流利。

I always feel accomplished when I get a job done ahead of time.

當我提前完成工作時，我總是感到很有成就感。

▶️  過去分詞和其他單字組成「分詞片語」，放在名詞後面修飾

分詞片語是由形容詞子句省略掉關係代名詞，並將動詞改成分詞而來的。

Please read each of the case studies contained in the report carefully prior to the workshop. = Please read each of the case studies which are contained in the report carefully prior to the workshop.

請在研討會之前仔細閱讀報告中包含的每個研究案例。

Food sold in this supermarket is of the highest quality. =  Food which is sold in this supermarket is of the highest quality.

這家超市所販賣的食物都是品質最好的。

Many entry-level workers are dissatisfied with the wage offered at Samsung Manufacturing. = Many entry-level workers are dissatisfied with the wage which is offered at Samsung Manufacturing. 

許多入門級工作人員對三星製造的工資不滿意。

多益例題: The newly _____ movie made over 100 million dollars at the box office.

(A) releases 

(B) release  

(C) released  

(D) releasing

多益例題: The presentation should cover the strategies _____ during last year's workshop and how they were implemented throughout the past year.

(A) discussion 

(B) discussed 

(C) discussing 

(D) which discuss

多益例題: Mr. Andrew's job is to keep investors _____ of the ever-changing market conditions.

(A) to inform 

(B) inform 

(C) informing 

(D) informed

不定詞

▶️ 不定詞當主詞

名詞其中一個很重要的功能就是扮演主詞的角色。當動詞置於主詞位置時，可使用不定詞或動名詞形式。要特別留意的是：一個不定詞等於一個名詞，用單數動詞，以此類推，二個以上的不定詞用複數動詞。

To host a clearance sale is a common way for a retailer to sell off stock that is out of season.

舉辦清倉大甩賣是零售商出售過季庫存的常用方式。

To find a niche in the market is crucial for small businesses to survive.

在市場中尋找利基對於小企業的生存至關重要。

To conduct a market survey will help you find out what customers want.

進行市場調查將幫助您了解客戶的需求。

不定詞片語當主詞時，可以用 it 代替，將真正的主詞放到句子後面，這種用法的 it 被稱為虛主詞，可以「避免句子顯得頭重腳輕」，例如下方例句：

It is necessary to follow the security procedures.

遵守安全程序是必要的

It is quite urgent to fill vacant positions immediately as we are extremely understaffed.

由於我們人手嚴重不足，立即填補空缺職位非常緊迫。

▶️  不定詞當主詞補語

不定詞在第二大句型中 (主詞 + 動詞 + 主詞補語) 當主詞補語 (第 6 堂課)。

The number one priority for us now is to cut down operation costs.

我們現在的第一要務是降低營運成本。

Our short-term aim is to deal with our current financial difficulties, but our long-term aim is to improve the company's profitability. 

我們的短期目標是解決當前的財政困難，但長遠目標是提高公司的盈利。

This photocopier appears to be broken.

這台複印機似乎壞了。

The product seems to be a good value for the price according to customer reviews.

根據客戶的評論，該產品似乎物超所值。

▶️  不定詞當受詞補語

不定詞在第五大句型中 (主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞 +受詞補語) 當受詞補語 (第 6 堂課)。

Most hotels request hotel guests to vacate their rooms by noon.

大多數旅館要求旅館客人在中午之前把房間清空。

The HR manager encourages new employees to actively participate in the weekly training workshop.

人力資源經理鼓勵新員工積極參加每週的培訓研討會。

The security system will not permit you to enter the entrance without the correct password. 

密碼不正確的話，保全系統是不會讓你進入門口的。

The accounting department manager reminds us to claim reimbursement for travel expenses by the end of this week.

會計部門經理提醒我們在本週末之前申請報銷差旅費。

▶️  不定詞當受詞

不定詞在第三大句型中 (主詞 + 動詞 + 受詞) 當受詞 (第 6 堂課)。

Despite the low pricing policy, the company's competitor has failed to boost sales.

儘管採取了低價政策，但該公司的競爭對手未能提升銷售額。

A dramatic sales slump can take a heavy toll on any business, and few businesses manage to recover from it.

急劇的銷售下滑會對任何企業造成沉重打擊，而且很少有企業能夠從中恢復過來。

The company got into debt and tried to downsize, but eventually, it still went bankrupt.

該公司陷入債務並試圖縮小規模，但最終還是破產了。

Most brands these days aim to create a lucrative niche for themselves and stand out from their competitors.

如今，大多數品牌的目標是為自己創造一個有利可圖的利基市場，並從競爭對手中脫穎而出。

We were extremely understaffed last week. Luckily, Mike and Kelvin offered to work overtime.

上週我們人手嚴重不足。幸運的是，麥可和凱爾文提出願意加班。

Activision Blizzard agreed to accept the acquisition deal offered by Microsoft.

動視暴雪同意接受微軟提出的收購交易。

Although the workers fought to be granted better conditions, their employers decided to drastically cut their pay. 

儘管工人們為獲得更好的條件而奮鬥，但他們的雇主還是決定大幅削減他們的工資。

下面列出常見、後面經常接不定詞的動詞 :

▶️  不定詞當形容詞

不定詞當「形容詞」使用時，會寫在要修飾的名詞之後，這樣的寫法叫做「後位修飾」。

He has a chance to get a promotion. 

他有機會升職。 

👉  to get a promotion 當形容詞修飾 chance。

Mr. Wilson has some news to announce.

威爾森先生有一些消息要宣布。

I am not in a position to answer that question.

我的立場無法回答這個問題。

I have a lot of things to do, so I need to make a to-do list and prioritize my tasks.

我有很多事情要做，所以我需要列一個待辦事項清單並確定任務的優先順序。

There isn't enough snow to ski on.

沒有足夠的雪可以滑雪。

There's too much sugar to put in this bowl. 

這個碗裡放的糖太多了。 

Jason has the ability to multitask. This allows him to effectively juggle multiple projects at the same time.

Jason 有同時間處理很多事情的能力，這個能力使他能夠有效地同時間處理多個項目。

You have the right to ask for relocation pay since you are forced to relocate to an overseas branch office.

你有權要求支海外安置費用，因為你是被強迫調到海外辦公室。

▶️  不定詞當副詞

不定詞可以當副詞修飾動詞或是句子，用來表示「目的」，其實就是「in order to + 原形動詞」。

I want to travel abroad to experience difficult cultures.

我想出國旅行，體驗不同的文化。

👉  不定詞當副詞修飾動詞 travel

Emily has gone to see her sister this weekend.

這個週末 Emily 去看她姐姐了。

👉  不定詞當副詞修飾動詞 go

To earn more money, he works both morning and night shifts.  

為了多賺點錢，他上早班跟晚班。

 👉  不定詞當副詞修飾子句 he works both morning and night shifts  

更多例句 :

To be healthy, she exercises 30 minutes every day.  

為了健康，她每天運動30分鐘。

We need to hold clearance sales to clear out our summer stock.

我們需要進行清倉拍賣以清空我們的夏季庫存。

A man came to read the electric meter. 

有人來抄電錶了。

不定詞經常與副詞 too 一起用，「too…to」用來表示「太…而不能….」。

The soup is too hot to eat. 

這湯燙到不能喝。 

She was too tired to work. 

她累到無法工作。

The water is too cold to swim in.

水太冷了，無法在裡面游泳。

The book was too long for me to finish in one sitting.

這本書太長了，我無法一口氣看完。

The exam was too tricky for me to ace it, but I did the best I could and learned from my mistakes.

考試對我來說太棘手了，但我盡力了，並從錯誤中吸取了教訓。

▶️  「Be動詞 + 形容詞 + 不定詞」的慣用語

第二大句型中很常見的一個句型架構是「Be動詞 + 形容詞 + 不定詞」，這一類的形容詞通常是用來表達感受、反應或態度，主詞通常是「人」。

We believe our team should be able to complete the research project before the deadline.

我們相信我們的團隊應該能夠在截止日期前完成研究項目。

I'm about to eat. Can I call you back?

我要吃飯了。 我再回電給你可以嗎？

If you're willing to fly at night, you can probably get a cheap ticket.

如果你願意在晚上搭飛機，你應該可以買到很便宜的機票。

I'm afraid I am not available to cover your shift next week. You will have to find someone else to take your shift.

恐怕我下週無法替你代班。你必須找其他人來接你的班。

The editor is ready to submit the revised article.

編輯準備提交修改後的文章。

I am delighted to introduce our new branch manager.

我很高興介紹我們的新分行經理。

We are pleased to notify you that your application for our accounting position has been approved.

我們很高興地通知您，您的會計職位申請已獲批准。

After a year of restrictions and quarantines, people were anxious to get out and enjoy traveling.

經過一年的限制和隔離，人們急於走出門和享受旅遊。

People who maintain a positive attitude and outlook on life are more likely to attract success and happiness.

保持積極態度和人生觀的人更容易獲得成功和幸福。

多益例題: It is vital  ______ regular updates to all of our existing software programs to ensure good work productivity.

(A) to distribute 

(B) to be distributed 

(C) distributes 

(D) distribution

多益例題: The proper way ______ a new product is to conduct careful and thorough market research.

(A) launched 

(B) in which launch 

(C) to launch 

(D) launching

多益例題: The CEO has decided to hire a reputable business consulting firm ______ a deeper understanding of current market trends and customer's needs.

(A) to gaining 

(B) in order to be gained

(C) gaining 

(D) to gain

多益例題:  ______ customers are satisfied with the store's service, customer representatives are trained bi-weekly.

(A) Ensuring 

(B) To ensuring 

(C) Ensured 

(D) To ensure